PNE 141 Exam Review Flashcards
1
Q
What is the insignia of nursing that represents the warmth of caring, symbolizes the striving for excellence and the energy and commitment of the nurse to care for others?
A
Lamp of Learning
2
Q
What word is derived from the Latin word which means to nourish?
A
Nurse
3
Q
Based on mythical figures, the _______ __ _______ and the ___________ are modern symbols of medicine?
A
Staff of Aesculapius; Caduceus
4
Q
Who is known as the father of medicine?
A
Hippocrates
5
Q
What term is used for treating the person as a whole?
A
Holistic
6
Q
During the crusades most nursing care was done by _______?
A
male military personnel
7
Q
During the Reformation (1500s-1800s;Dark Ages of Nursing), the few women that provided nursing care were _________ or ___________?
A
prisoners; prostitutes
8
Q
Who established the Kaiserswerth School for Nursing (1836)?
A
Pastor Theodor Fleidner
9
Q
Who was the most famous student at the Kaiserswerth School for Nursing?
A
Florence Nightingale
10
Q
During the Crimean War, Florence Nightingale and 38 other nurses insisted on establishing _________ ________ and providing ________ _________ _______, which reduced the mortality rate?
A
sanitary conditions; quality nursing care
11
Q
Who founded the American Red Cross?
A
Clara Barton
12
Q
Name an attribute required to be a nurse?
A
A strong sense of responsibility; highest standards of integrity.
13
Q
What was one of the original responsibilities of nurses?
A
Managing nutrition and diet
14
Q
Florence Nightingale was born in _______ in 1820 to wealthy English parents
A
Italy
15
Q
Nightingale started the first training school at St.Thomas Hospital in __________?
A
London
16
Q
What are the various names of the “Nightingale Lamp”?
A
Lamp of Learning; Lamp of Nursing
17
Q
Who founded the school of nursing at John Hopkins University?
A
Isabel Hampton Robb
18
Q
Who continued to care for the sick when nursing was considered menial?
A
Florence Nightingale
19
Q
Who organized the school of nursing at Massachusetts General Hospital?
A
Melinda Ann Richards
20
Q
Who founded American Public health nursing?
A
Lillian Wald
21
Q
Which 3 nursing programs were established on the basis of the Nightingale plan?
A
Bellevue Hospital School of Nursing, New York; Connecticut Training School in New Haven; and Boston Training School at Massachusetts General Hospital
22
Q
Which factors create a need for more healthcare services in the public sector?
A
homelessness; unemployment; underemployment; lack of health insurance; devastating diseases, such as AIDS or Tuberculosis
23
Q
What is the importance of nursing uniforms?
A
Easily identifiable and distinguishable from other staff
24
Q
What religious symbols are represented on nursing pins?
A
A cross (Maltese cross) and the star of David
25
What was the impact of WW1 on nursing?
Marked the first emergency training of nurses; The Army School of Nursing was established, Annie W Goodrich (1876-1955) wrote the cirriculum. Hundreds of women were trained in this program.
26
Which individual established the first geriatric facility?
Saint Helena
27
What course can be pursued in the (YWCA) Young Women's Christian Association?
A 3 month program to train women in simple nursing care
28
Which change did the Greeks bring about in the field of nursing?
Hospitals or Hostels were set up to care for the sick
29
When caring for a patient with a chronic disease in the home why should the nurse put greater emphasis on teaching the client and family?
Family members may need to operate sophisticated equipment.
30
During which war did the first emergency training of nurses occur?
World War 1
31
What has been the most influential among the latest nursing trends?
Changes in nursing education; limitations on payment for healthcare; Lifestyle factors and greater life expectancy
32
A/P
Anterior/Posterior
33
approx.
Approximately
34
ARC
Aids Related Complex
35
ARDS
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
36
ASA
Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin)
37
ASCVD
Arteriosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
38
ASHD
Arteriosclerotic Heart Disease
39
Asst.
Assist/Assistant
40
As Tol.
As Tolerated
41
A.V. Node
Atrioventricular Node
42
Ax
Axilla/Axillary
43
Ap
Apical
44
ACLS
Advanced Cardiac Life Support
45
AJN
American Journal of Nursing
46
ANA
American Nursing Association
47
AD
Right Ear
48
AS
Left Ear
49
AU
Both Ears
50
The _______ assistant is trained academically and clinically to practice medicine under the supervision of a doctor of medicine or osteopathy.
(PA) Physicians Assistant
51
A nursing theory that focused importance of nurses aiding clients to meet or return to meeting their self care needs was developed by theorist ___________ ________?
Dorthea Orem
52
The national organization that focuses on advancing "excellence in nursing education" for all nurses is known as the ________
(NLN) National League for Nursing
53
The _______ assistant, under the direction of a physician, performs duties in the front/back medical office or clinic?
Medical Assistant
54
The LV/LPN works under the direct or indirect supervision of a healthcare provider, such as a physician, dentist, podiatrist or a/an _______
(RN) Registered Nurse
55
Who documents clients care and client response?
Communicator
56
Who assists clients in understanding their rights and responsibilities?
Advocate
57
Who advises clients in learning about their medications and healthcare at home?
Teacher
58
Who helps clients achieve a maximum level of wellness?
Care provider
59
What is the role of a nurse as a student?
Bring certain knowledge, skills, attitudes and abilities to their nursing program.
60
What are the key program areas listed as crucial to nursing by the International Council for Nursing (ICN)?
Professional nursing practice with a focus on an international classification of nursing practice (ICNP); regulation of standards of nursing; socioeconomic welfare for nurses
61
What is the purpose of the NALPN
to provide standards of nursing care, promote continued post-licensure education and certification, and interpret the role and function of the LV/LPN.
62
Are there any states where a nurse can practice without a license?
NO
63
BBB
Bundle Branch Block
64
BCLS
Basic Cardiac Life Support
65
BCP
Birth Control Pills
66
B.E.
Barium Enema
67
bid
Twice a Day
68
BKA
Below Knee Amputation
69
BM
Bowel Movement
70
BMR
Basal Metabolic Rate
71
B.P.
Blood Pressure
72
BPH
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
73
BRP
Bathroom Privilages
74
BSE
Breast Self Exam
75
BSO
Bilateral Salping-oophorectomy
76
BTL
Bilateral Tubal Ligation
77
BUN
Blood Urea Nitrogen
78
b/w
Between
79
Bx
Biopsy
80
C
Centigrade
81
_
c
With
82
C1,C2,etc.
First Cervical Vertebrae, Second Cervical Vertebrae, etc
83
Ca
Calcium
84
CA
Cancer
85
CABG
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
86
CAD
Coronary Artery Disease
87
cap
Capsule
88
cath
Catheter/Catheterized
89
CBC
Complete Blood Count
90
C/C
Chief Complaint
91
cc
Cubic Centimeter
92
CCU
Coronary Care Unit
93
CDC
Center for Disease Control
94
CHF
Congestive Heart Failure
95
CHO
Carbohydrate
96
Cl
Chloride
97
cm
Centimeter
98
CNS
Central Nervous System
99
c/o
Complains/ Complaints of
100
CO2
Carbon Dioxide
101
cont
Continued/ Continuous
102
COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
103
CP
Cerebral Palsy
104
CPR
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
105
C&S
Culture and Sensitivity
106
CSF
Cerebrospinal Fluid
107
CT
Computerized Technology
108
Cu
Copper
109
CVA
Cerebrovascular Accident
109
CVP
Central Venous Pressure
110
CXR
Chest X-ray
111
cysto
Cystoscope/Cystoscopy
112
CF
Cystic Fibrosis
113
CHD
Coronary Heart Disease
114
^
Change
115
A nurse is interested in achieving a license as a medical doctor. What is the initial requirement to obtain this license?
A minimum of 4 years of an undergraduate study
116
A RN has recently specialized in the field of surgery. As an RN in the surgical dept. what is the specialized role?
First assistant in surgery
117
After obtaining a licensure, in which kinds of care is the LPN nursing student likely to be involved?
providing routine wound care, caring for IV medication delivery system, reporting client reactions to prescribed meds, providing bedside care, and administering prescribed oral meds
118
What is the purpose of the (NFLPN) National Federation of Licensed Practical Nursing?
Promoting continued post licensure education, granting advanced certificates to LV/LPN, providing standards for nursing care and supporting federal and state legislation for the LV/LPN
119
What is the focus of the National Association for Practical Nurse Education and Service (NAPNES)
The role of the LV/LPN in healthcare delivery, preparing the LPN student for healthcare practice, and licensing the LV/LPN for client care practice
120
What is a mandatory licensure?
Requires that the nurse functions be performed only by those licensed in the state
121
What are the 2 types of licensure that can be pursued by the new nurse?
Permissive and Mandatory
122
A nurse wants to know the importance of licensure. Which responses are accurate?
Protects the public from unethical nurses, identifies a nurse as a qualified healthcare provider, and assures a minimal level of nursing competency
123
A LPN has recently moved to a new state & is seeking employment. What licensing applies to this nurse's situation?
Endorsement
124
Why is it important for the nurse to be familiar with nursing theories?
Nursing programs are based on nursing theories, nursing theories are the basis for nursing care, and theories provide the purpose for nursing actions
125
What nurse's pledge do the LPN's recite at graduation?
Practical Nurse's Pledge
126
What are the concepts of Florence Nightingale's nursing theory that are still practiced today?
Nature alone cures. Nursing assists the person to an improved condition.
127
Sister Callista Roy identified a nursing theory model that is still in practice today. What was the concept?
An individual's state of health/ wellness moves back & forth on a continum.
128
When verbalizing events with the healthcare team members, which role is the nurse performing?
Communicator
129
What activity does a nurse perform when functioning in the care provider role?
Helps clients achieve the maximum level of wellness
130
What activity does a nurse perform when functioning in the advocate role?
Informs the RN that the clients pain meds are not effective
131
What activity does a nurse perform when functioning in the teacher role?
Reinforces instructions for a client recovering from surgery
132
The LPN student wishes to join the ANA & requests info on the eligibility for the membership. What should she know?
The person should be a RN
133
What key program area is identified as crucial to nursing by the International Council for Nursing?
Social economic welfare for nurses
134
Which nursing organization represents nurses economically by assisting in collective bargaining situations?
(ANA) American Nurses Association
135
What is the term that applies to the available insurance policies found within a Health Insurance Marketplace?
Affordable Care Act
136
What is the term for the minimal level or need for healthcare services?
Acuity
137
Another term for case management?
Managed Care
138
HMO's
Health Maintenance Organizations
139
What is the specialized care of the terminally ill called?
Hospice
140
What is the term for part time supervision of clients with chronic conditions?
Respite
141
The ability to access a healthcare provider via telephone or computer audio/video link?
Telehealth
142
SNF/ICF
Skilled Nursing Facility/Intermediate Care Facility
143
What are services offered by community health departments?
immunizations, well baby checks, WIC, treatment of specific diseases such as tuberculosis or STD's
144
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
145
What is the agency that assigns recognition to hospitals?
The Joint Commission
146
QA
Quality Assurance- a pledge to the public that healthcare services will provide optimal achievable goals and maintain excellence in the services rendered.
147
The fee or premium paid in advance to the HMO is called?
capitation
148
PPO
Preferred Provider Organizations-groups of healthcare practitioners who contract with the PPO to provide services
149
What is a federal insurance program that is available to meet most people aged 65 years and older; some with disabilities younger than 65 & people with end stage renal disease
Medicare
150
What is a type of insurance program for employees who have become unable to work?
(SSDI) Social Security Disability Insurance
151
What is the insurance that is a joint effort of federal and state governments?
Medicaid
152
DRGs
Diagnostic Related Groups-payment based off of medical diagnosis
153
OT
Occupational Therapy
154
PT
Physical Therapy
155
D/C; d/c
discontinue or discharge
156
D&C
dilation and curettage
157
DES
Diethylstilbestrol
158
DM
Diabetes Mellitus
159
DNR
Do Not Resuscitate
160
D.O.
Doctor of Osteopathy
161
DOA
Dead on Arrival
162
DPT
Diptheria, Pertussis, Tetanus
163
D/5/W
Dextrose 5% Water
164
D/5/NS
Dextrose 5% Normal Saline
165
Dr
Doctor
166
DRG
Diagnostic Related Group
167
dr; 3
Dram
168
DT's
Delirium Tremens
169
DVT
Deep Vein Thrombosis
170
Dx
Diagnosis
171
DJD
Degenerative Joint Disease
172
ED
Emergency Department
173
An air freshner in a client's room, the patient begins to experience bronchial spasms. What legal and ethical issue is the nurse facing?
Negligence
174
A photo is submitted for publication without a patients permission. The nurse is liable for what legal offense?
Libel
175
What source establishes the standards for confidentiality that directs the actions of a professional nurse?
HIPAA
176
HIPAA
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
177
What care should the nurse take when updating computerized med. records to best protect the client's right to privacy?
Always log off before leaving the computer, protect the computer screen so as not to be seen by unauthorized individuals
178
What area of professional nursing is defined in detail by the US Nursing Practice Act & Canadian Nurses (Reg) Act?
Defining legal boundaries for nursing's scope of practice, est. licensing requirements, identifying requirements for required continuing education, and est. requirements for approved schools of nursing
179
If a nurse fails to provide care within her profession's scope of practice, who will ensure the prescribed punishment?
State Board of Nursing
180
A nurse fails to report a pt's. reaction to a med. to the PCP. When the pt gets and infection, what should the nurse be cited for?
Abandonment of Care
181
Which nursing actions are not performed in a legally responsible manner?
Advising a client concerning a malpractice suit against a staff member, always working extra shifts when asked to volunteer to do so, not bothering other staff members to help with moving an obese client, save time by asking a nurse how to do a task instead of the proc. manager.
182
There is a reason to question a med. prescription. Which is an appropriate action for the nurse to take?
Contact the primary provider to discuss the nurse's concerns
183
When faced with a non-hospital emergency situation what are the legal concerns for a nurse?
The Good Samaritan Act protects nurse's from liability, the nurse is expected to act resonably & prudent, the nurse is required to assist at the scene of an accident when needed & the nurse is not liable for emergency care within the limits of first aid
184
How can the nurse provide the role of advocate to a pt scheduled for a cardiac cath?
Ask them what they were told by the cardiologist about the scheduled cardiac cath
185
What are personal values?
One's culture contributes to one's personal values; to best support client's values we need to clarify our own; personal values change over the course of a lifetime; when made to face trauma a person's personal values can change
186
What is the basis for maintaining a competent practice?
Ignorance is NOT a legal defense
187
What nursing action will best protect a nurse from being liable for malpractice?
effective, appropriate documentation of all nursing care
188
What is a living will?
A written and legally witnessed document that requests no extraordinary measures.
189
What client would be considered a vulnerable person and require special attention?
A 4-year old child with a heart valve malfunction
190
Which assessment will the nurse note when determining if a client is brain dead?
The presence of unresponsive pupils; the absence of cephalic reflexes and the absence of external stimuli response
191
Can the nurse bring charges against a client, and how should she respond?
Yes, like in situations where the client knowingly attacks the nurse
192
What is an felony?
serious crime
193
What is a crime?
wrong committed against a person or property or public good
194
Define misdemeanor?
A crime that is considered not as serious as a felony
195
What is the term for the legal responsibility for one's actions or failure to act appropriately?
Liability
196
Another term for mercy killing?
euthanasia
197
A term for the physical contact with another person without that person's consent?
Battery
198
A threat or an attempt to do bodily harm
Assault
199
What is the term for professional negligence?
Malpractice
200
Malicious verbal statements that are false or injurious
Slander
201
PHI/EPHI
(Electronic) Protected Health Information
202
NCLEX
National Council Licensing Examination
203
CAT
Computerized Adaptive Testing
204
PSDA
Patient Self Determination Act; Example: Living will
205
Loss of circulation and respiratory functions results in ?
Legal Death
206
Irreversible cessation of all neurological functions of the entire brain including the brain stem is referred to as?
Brain Death
207
UNOS
United Network of Organ Sharing
208
AHA
American Hospital Association- adopted Patient's Bill of Right's
209
EDD
Expected Date of Delivery
210
EEG
Electroencephalogram
211
ECG/EKG
Electrocardiogram
212
EENT
Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat
213
Endo
Endoscopy
214
EOM
Extraocular Movement
215
ER
Emergency Room
216
ESI
Epidural Steroid Injection
217
etc.
And so on.
218
ETOH
Ethyl Alcohol
219
exam
Examination
220
exp lap
Exploratory Laparotomy
221
expir
Expiration
222
ESRD
End-Stage Renal Disease
223
ESR
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
224
EMS
Emergency Medical Service
225
EGD
Esophaogastroduodenoscopy
226
A legal document in which a person either states choices for medical treatment or names someone to make treatment choices if they loose decision making ability
Advance Directive
227
The term for when tests, treatments, meds. have been explained to the person as well as the outcome, complications and alternative procedures
Informed consent
228
Formal written rules of behavior that governs conduct and are enforced by authority
Laws
229
Philosophic studies that examine the actions, values and moral principles of human behaviors and that provide fundamental ideas of societal & cultural values of right vs. wrong
Ethics
230
When a healthcare professional acts negligently and injury occurs to the client in their care, this is called?
Tort
231
simple survival or physical needs also called?
deficiency
232
The more complex needs related to personal fulfillment are called?
growth needs
233
F
Fahrenheit
234
FBS
Fasting Blood Sugar
235
Fe
Iron
236
FH
Family History
237
FHR/FHS
Fetal Heart Rate/ Fetal Heart Sound
238
fld
Fluid
239
foley cath
Foley Catheter
240
ft
Feet
241
FTT
Failure To Thrive
242
FUO
Fever of Unknown Origin
243
Fx
Fracture
244
FF
Force Fluids
245
gal
Gallon
246
G.B.
Gallbladder
247
G.C.
Gonorrhea
248
GERD
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
249
Gm
Gram
250
gtt
Drops
251
gr
Grain
252
GTT
Glucose Tolerance Test
253
GU
Genitourinary
254
gyn
Gynecology
255
>
Greater Than
256
GSW
Gun Shot Wound
257
Basic needs ranked from the lowest to the highest levels of importance to the individual's survival is called?
hierarchy of needs
258
Once this type of need is met a person can progress to more complex needs, such as safety, love, and self-esteem?
survival needs
259
Focusing on a lower level need that has already been fulfilled which is common in illness or injury is called?
Regression
260
First level needs are known as ?
Physiologic needs
261
Survival needs are also known as ______ and must be met to sustain life
Primary/Priority needs
262
This type of need is met to give quality of life?
Secondary needs
263
Most essential of all basic survival needs?
Oxygen
264
Average Oral Temperature?
98.6 F; 37C
265
This type of need is met in the 3rd level of Maslow's Hierarchy of needs; the need for love, affection and belonging
Social needs
266
Another term for self-image; self-respect
Self-esteem
267
When a person has met their full potential and have met the highest level of needs is called?
self-actualized
268
WHO
World Health Organization- est. to improve worldwide health
269
The balance of all components of the human organism?
homeostasis
270
A change in the structure or function of body tissues, biologic systems, or the human mind is called_______?
Disease
271
The response to disease that causes a change in function is called________?
Illness
272
A change in the structure and function of body tissues caused by invasion of harmful microorganisms is called ________?
Infection
273
The # of people with an illness or disorder relative to a specific population is called ________?
Morbidity
274
The chances of death associated with a particular illness or disorder is called __________?
Mortality
275
CDC
Center for Disease Control and Prevention-Monitor morbidity and mortality rates
276
Illnesses that interfere with the wellness-illness continuum for a short period of time are called __________?
Acute Illnesses
277
Long term health disturbances are called _________?
Chronic Illnesses
278
LTC
Long Term Care
279
Patterns of living that we choose to follow are called?
Lifestyle factors
280
Risk Factors
May or may not be preventable
281
Chemicals that cause cancer are called?
Carcinogens
282
Infants born before their expected dates are called _______?
Preterm births
283
A mental or physical tension exerted on an individual's homeostasis is called ________?
Stress
284
Behaviors that provide protection from internal conflicts are known as ?
defense mechanisms
285
BAC
Blood Alcohol Concentration
286
The narrowing of the arteries over time by cholesterol?
arteriosclerosis
287
Impaired fasting glucose/Impaired glucose tolerance
Prediabetes
288
Loss of bone density is known as ?
Osteoporosis
289
Diseases are categorized by their causes otherwise known as their ___________
etiology
290
A detectable structural change occurred in one or more organs that also alters usual function is called ____________
Organic disease
291
A disorder in which a structural cause cannot be identified?
Functional Disease
292
The person is said to be ___________ if he or she cannot perform usual activities.
dysfunctional
293
May be genetic or may be caused by another unfavorable condition that affects normal fetal development
Congenital disorders
294
What means the area of invasion is limited to one area or organ?
Local
295
Infections that involve the whole body?
Systemic
296
Term meaning the infection can be transferred from one person to another.
Contagious
297
The growth of abnormal tissue or tumors is _________
Neoplastic
298
A growth of cells similar to the tissue in which it appears is also known as __________
benign
299
A wild and disorderly growth of cells that is unlike the tissue from which it originated
Malignant
300
Malignant cells tend to spread in a process known as _______
metastasis
301
The study of communities is known as _________
demography
302
A group of individuals who interact with each other for the mutual benefit of their common interests to support a sense of unity and belonging
Community
303
Aggregate health of a population is known as _________
Community Health
304
UNICEF
(United Nations Childrens Fund) helps children in developing countries
305
Which organization investigate and control communicable diseases, protection from disease carried by immigrants, control of sanitation, prevention of disease spread through interstate commerce and control the manufacture and sale of biologic products
(USPHS)-United States Public Health Service
-also motor vehicle safety
-vaccines
-safer workplaces
-control of infectious disease etc.
306
(FDA) Food and Drug Administration
Promote and protect public health by helping safe and effective products reach the market in a timely way and monitoring products for a continued safety after they are in use
307
The Nations Medical research agency aka ________
NIH - National Institutes of Health
308
Airbourne, droplet and contact are all examples of ?
Transmission-Based Precautions
309
Provides financial compensation when a worker is injured while at work
Worker's Compensation
310
Contamination and impurity is called_____
Pollution
311
Subgroups in a community with unique or special healthcare needs, such as those experiencing homelessness, older adults younger individuals and migrant workers or immigrants
Target Populations
312
The study of mutual relationships between living beings and their enviroments is called
ecology/bionomics
313
A chemical element that occurs in nature as a by product of disintegration of radium
Radon
314
Plumbism
Lead poisoning
315
Radiation
Ionizing waves of energy that penetrate objects
316
Medical waste is considered to be __________
Biohazardous
317
(H)
Hypodermic
318
h/hr
Hour
319
HA
Headache
320
HBV
Hepatitis B Virus
321
HCTZ
Hydrochloric Acid
322
hgb & hct
Hemoglobin & Hematocrit
323
HIV
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
324
hg
Mercury
325
H &P
History and Physical
326
HNP
Herniated Nucleus Pulposus
327
H2O
Water
328
H2O2
Hydrogen Peroxide
329
HOB
Head of Bed
330
hosp
Hospital
331
hs
Bedtime
332
ht
Height
333
hx
History
334
HDL
High Density Lipoprotein
335
HOSA
Health Occupations Students of America
336
HOH
Hard of Hearing
337
I
Iodine
338
ICU
Intensive Care Unit
339
I &D
Incision and Drainage
340
IDDM
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
341
IM
Intramuscular
342
I & O
Intake and Output
343
IPPB
Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing
344
iss
one and one half
345
IV
Intravenous
346
IVP
Intravenous Pyelogram
347
INT
Intermittent
348
IBS
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
349
ICP
Intracranial Pressure
350
JCAHO
Joint Commission Accreditation Health Care Organization
351
What is the accumulated learning for generational groups of individuals that includes the combination of knowledge, belief systems and behaviors?
Culture
352
What is the term used to differentiate large groups of humankind that share common biological and sociological characteristics?
Race
353
What is the term for a common heritage shared by a specific culture?
Ethnicity
354
Racial and ethic _____________ populations are groups whose numbers are less than half the total amount of a total group
underrepresented
355
_________ __________ reflects the fact that most societies are made up of a multitude of different cultures.
Cultural diversity
356
__________ ____________ __________ of disease are factors that cannot be changed such as age, gender, race, family history, genetic variation, ethic origin and birth weight
Non-modifiable risk factors
357
What are modifiable risk factors of disease?
Factors that can be changed or controlled such as diet, physical activity, smoking, BP, cholesterol, Weight
358
___________ is a belief based on preconceived notions about certain groups of people?
Prejudice
359
__________ __________ refers to the ability to respect the beliefs, language, interpersonal styles, and behaviors of individuals.
Cultural competence
360
The term for classifying or categorizing people and believing that all those belonging to a certain group are alike?
Stereotype
361
___________ is the belief that one's own culture is the best and only acceptable culture, which shows an inability to understand, appreciate and work with other cultures
Ethnocentrism
362
_______ are concepts the members of a culture hold to be true
Beliefs
363
___________ shape how an individual perceives right from wrong and what is desirable and valuable.
Values
364
___________ evolve from values, which become rules for behavior in a group
Norms
365
A social, religious, or cultural custom that forbids discussion or practice of a particular person, place or thing?
Taboos
366
Formal ceremonies consisting of prescribed actions in a specific order often done by respected leaders of a group is known as _________
Rituals
367
Another term for a traditional healer often associated with the Native American culture?
Shaman
368
A Latino folk healer is also known as a ____________
curandero/a
369
Muslims follow the guidance of a specially educated Muslim trained in law and beliefs called ___________
Mullah
370
Christians often see a ___________ for rituals.
Priest, Minister
371
The Jewish use a _________ who is also specially educated in the laws and beliefs of their culture.
Rabbi
372
The belief that supernatural forces dominate is also known as _______-___________
Magico-religious
373
The belief that physical and biomedical processes can be studied and manipulated to control life is known as ?
Scientific/biomedical
374
What is the belief that forces of nature must be kept balanced called?
Hollistic-medicine
375
The belief that illness develops when life forces are out of balance
Ying/Yang; Hot-cold theories
376
Life is governed by the law of __________ stating that rebirth depends on one's behavior in life
Karma
377
Caring for clients while taking into consideration their religious and sociocultural backgrounds is called ________
Transcultural Nursing
378
Which food, when prepared according to Kosher Law, can be included in the Jewish diet of a client needing protein?
Beef
379
Which group eats rice with almost every meal?
Chinese American
380
A nurse should be aware that "soul food" is a concept of which cultural group?
African Americans
381
Which foods are most associated with Middle Eastern Americans?
Lamb and Goat
382
Which culture believes in the Yin/Yang balance for health?
Chinese
383
What is allowed in a Muslim diet?
Halal
384
Which food choice would be best for ensuring adequate vitamin B12 intake in a vegan?
Breakfast cereal fortified with B12
385
The client consumes high amounts of Na and fats. This predisposes the client to what medical diagnosis?
Gallbladder Disease, Obesity, arteriosclerosis and hypertension
386
What food should be omited from a Puerto Rican's diet in the chart?
Sour food
387
What is an Ovo-vegetarian
They can eat plant foods but NO dairy products
388
Which cultural group has a high incidence of intolerance to lactose?
Native Americans
389
T/F in the Filipino culture food is often used as gifts and to express appreciation
True
390
T/F all cultures celebrate social, cultural and religious events by sharing food?
True
391
T/F Vegetarians have lower rates of coronary artery disease, hypertension and obesity
True
392
K
Potassium
393
Kg
Kilogram
394
KUB
Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder
395
KVO
Keep Vein Open
396
L
Liter
397
(L) or Lt
Left
398
L1,L2,L3
First, Second, Third Lumbar Vertebrae etc.
399
lab
Laboratory
400
lap
Laparotomy
401
lb
Pound
402
lg
Large
403
<
Less Than
404
liq
Liquid
405
LLQ
Left Lower Quadrant
406
LMP
Last Menstrual Period
407
LOC
Level of Conciousness
408
LP
Lumbar Puncture
409
LUQ
Left Upper Quadrant
410
LDL
Low Density Lipoprotein
411
LPN
Licensed Practical Nurse
412
LVN
Licensed Vocational Nurse
413
LFT's
Liver Function Tests
414
The concept a nurse uses when teaching clients about the interrelationships among nutrition, activity and diet therapy
MyPlate
415
What is the role of Niacin in healthy human nutrition?
It assists in the release of energy from carbs, fat and proteins
416
Monnosaccharides and disaccharides are classified as what?
Simple carbs
417
Someone recovering from a muscle injury should focus what into their diet?
Protein
418
Which vitamin is referred to as ascorbic acid?
Vitamin C
419
What benefit of breastfeeding should the nurse highlight when teaching the mother?
It decreases the chances of the baby being anemic
420
What are the consequences of a high sodium diet?
The risk of developing hypertension
421
What foods should someone with pancreatitis avoid?
Chocolate Milk
422
A chemical compound or element found in food that is necessary for good health?
Nutrient
423
What info concerning saturated fatty acids should the nurse teach the client when discussing high cholesterol?
The fat is solid at room temperature
424
What information is published by the (EER) Estimated Energy Requirements
The average dietary energy intake that will maintain energy in a person
425
What vitamins are water soluable?
C and B complex
426
What would the BMI of >43 indicate?
Very obese
427
What effects of (PCM) should the nurse monitor in a client with this diagnosis
Delayed wound healing
428
What are the stored form of carbs made of simple sugars & stored mainly in the liver and muscles?
Glycogen
429
What is included on the list of macronutrients?
Carbs, Proteins and Fats
430
What are complete incomplete proteins?
Complete proteins provide essential amino acids for growth and maintenance
431
What signs should the nurse look out for that indicate riboflavin deficiency?
Inflammation of the tongue
432
What trace mineral deficiency would be responsible for a client's stunted growth?
Zinc
433
A diet high in ____________ helps maintain a normal growth rate?
amino acids
434
A client on a vegan diet may be lacking what vitamin?
Vitamin D
435
What substance is typically added to the diet of an alcoholic
Thiamine
436
What is the main source of starch?
Grains, roots, bulbs, legumes, tubers and seeds
437
Liver, dairy products, and green leafy veggies; also enables the eye to adapt to dim light
Vitamin A
438
This vitamin maintains serum calcium concentrations; sources are sunlight, liver and fortified milk
Vitamin D
439
Coenzyme in the synthesis of new cells; activates folate; sources are meat, fish, and poultry
Vitamin B12
440
Synthesis of blood clotting proteins; sources are green leafy veggies
Vitamin K
441
Collagen synthesis, antioxidant sources include citrus fruits
Vitamin C
442
What vitamin acts as an antioxidant to prevent vitamin A from being destroyed and protects cell membrane; sources are veg. oils, nuts & seeds
Vitamin E
443
Supplies a large amount of energy in a small amount of food, excess stored as adipose tissue and conserves body temp
Fat
444
Builds and repairs all tissue; helps build blood from antibodies to fight infection
Protein
445
Major source of energy, provides fiber, spares protein, excess is stored as fat; sources are bread and cereals, and rice
Carbohydrates
446
M
Male
447
m
minimum
448
max
maximum
449
mcg
microgram
450
med
medicine
451
mEq
milliequivileant
452
Mg
magnesium
453
mg
milligram
454
MI
Myocardial Infarction
455
min
minute
456
mm
millimeter
457
MMR
Measles, Mumps, Rubella
458
M/N
Midnight
459
mo
Month
460
mod
Moderate
461
ht
height
462
hx
history
463
HDL
High Density Lipoprotein
464
HOSA
Health Occupations Students of America
465
HOH
Hard of hearing
466
I
Iodine
467
ICU
Intensive care unit
468
I&D
Incision and drainage
469
IDDM
Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
470
IM
Intramuscular
471
I&O
Intake and Output
472
IPPB
Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing
473
iss
One and One half
474
IV
Intravenous
475
IVP
Intravenous Pyelogram
476
INT
Intermittent
477
IBS
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
478
ICP
Intracranial Pressure
479
MOM
Milk of Magnesium
480
MRI
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
481
MS
Morphine Sulphate/ Multiple Sclerosis
482
MVA
Motor Vehicle Accident
483
MVC
Motor Vehicle Collision
484
MD
Muscular Dystrophy
485
Insulin is stored in the ________ as _________ for later use
liver; glucose
486
Vitamin A, D, E and K are examples of what kind of soluable vitamins?
Fat-soluable
487
Thiamin(B1), Riboflavin(B2), NIacin(B3), B6, Folate and B12 are all examples of ________ ________ vitamins
Water-soluable
488
__________ fats have fewer essential fatty acids than the original oil
Hydrogenated
489
Foods that are solid at room temp due to already containing the full complement hydrogen
Saturated Fat
490
The deficiency __________ is most common in children and is caused by the lack of the bones hardening
Rickets
491
Bleeding gums, loose teeth, sore and stiff joints are symptoms of ___________ or a Vitamin C deficiency
Scurvy
492
Non-digestible food ingredients that selectively feed probiotic bacteria
Prebiotics
493
Healthy live bacteria
Probiotics
494
A disease of the nervous system that leads to paralysis and death from heart failure
Beriberi
495
A niacin deficiency can lead to a disease known as ________
Pellagra
496
The percentage of total fats, carbs, proteins and some vitamins or minerals in one serving of food is known as
(%DV) Percent Daily Value
497
A waxy, fat-like substance that can form clumps between arterial wall is _____________
plaque
498
Foods that provide significant amounts of key nutrients per volume consumed
nutrient density
499
Two types of protein deficiencies that are identified but not commonly found in the US
marasmus and kwashiorkor
500
GDM
Gestational diabetes mellitus
501
COW
Computer on Wheels
502
PKU
Phenylketouria- metabolic disorder in infants
503
What diet would the nurse discuss when caring for a client diagnosed with malabsorption syndrome?
Low fat diet
504
A client suffering from severe weight loss has been prescribed supplemental nourishment. When should it be given?
Between meals
505
What type of nutrition is provided for a client whose GI tract is not functioning properly?
(TPN) Total Parentrial Nutrition
506
A client needs to have a NG tube inserted, it is difficult to breath through her left nare. What does the nurse do next?
Place the NG tube down the left nare
507
A client has been on nutritional supplement for a week. What S/E of the supplement should the nurse monitor?
Diarrhea, constipation and gas
508
A client with severe edema has been prescribed a moderate Na restriction. What quantity of Na should this client have?
Recommended 1500mg per day
509
What type of diet is needed for weight gain?
Reduced calorie diet
510
An 1800 calorie diet that is a balance between carbs, fats and protein is what type of diet?
A diabetic diet
511
What foods would be eliminated from a clients diet who is on Coumadin (warfarin)?
Green leafy veggies
512
What is a button feeding device?
A small silicone device used in place of a gastrostomy tube
513
What is the recommended diet for a client who is endentulous (without teeth)?
Mechanical Soft Diet
514
How do you determine the accurate measurement of the length of the tube to be inserted in an NG tube?
From the tip of the nose to the earlobe to the top of the xiphoid process
515
What should be documented after feeding the client?
Appetite, fluid intake and calorie intake
516
What suggestion should be given to a client with polydipsia to facilitate compliance?
Take half of the fluid during the day; the other half in the evening
517
What is the goal of a therapeutic diet for diabetes?
Regulates the amount of certain nutrients
518
T/F A progression of a clients diet should always start with a clear liquid diet?
True
519
TPN is administered via what route?
Central vein near the heart
520
What should you assess a lactose intolerant client for after ingesting lactose?
Gas
521
What is the sequence of progression for a diet following surgery?
Clear liquid-full liquid-soft-and regular diet
522
What problems can be anticipated with a high fiber diet?
Cramping and Diarrhea
523
What type of diet would be ordered for a client who has kidney and end-stage liver disorder?
Protein Restricted Diet
524
The pH of stomach content is _____ and ____ or more for lung content
0-4; 7
525
What determines correct placement of a feeding tube before each use?
Attach syringe to tube, aspirate contents and instill 30ml of air and listen for the whoosh
526
N
Normal; Nitrogen
527
Na
Sodium
528
N/A
Not Applicable
529
NB
Newborn
530
neg
negative
531
neuro
Neurology; Neurological
532
NG
Nasogastric
533
NIDDM
Non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
534
NKA
No known allergies
535
NKDA
No known drug allergies
536
no; #
Number
537
NPO
Nothing by mouth
538
NSR
Normal Sinus Rhythm
539
NSS
Normal Saline Solution
540
NTG
Nitroglycerin
541
NTE
Not to Exceed
542
N & V
Nausea and Vomitting
543
NAPNES
National Association Practical Nurse Education Service
544
NCLEX
National Council Licensing Examination
545
O2
Oxygen
546
OB
Obstetrics
547
OBS
Organic Brain Syndrome
548
occ
Occasional
549
O.D.
Right Ear
550
oint
Ointment
551
OOB
Out of Bed
552
O&P
Ova and Parasites
553
OR
Operating Room
554
ORIF
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation
555
O.S.
Left Eye
556
O.T.
Occupational Therapy
557
O.U.
Both Eyes
558
oz
Ounce
559
OTC
Over the Counter
560
What is the term for a person who drinks excessive amounts of water
polydipsia
561
Trouble swallowing
Dysphagia
562
What is a G tube (gastrostomy tube)
A tube placed directly into the stomach through the abdominal wall
563
What tube may be inserted into the jejunum of the small intestine
J tube
564
____ is injected directly into the blood circulation and bypasses the digestive tract
TPN (Total Parenteral Nutrition)
565
_______ contains lesser concentrations of the same ingredients found in the central vein TPN, administered into the peripheral vein.
PPN (Peripheral Parenteral Nutrition)
566
In what stage of the nursing process would the nurse be administering meds. to the client.
Implementation
567
What step should be performed before notifying the physician of a client's admission?
Nursing Assessment
568
What is the correct sequence for the first 4 steps of scientific problem solving?
Identify the problem, gather info, formulate solutions, action to test
569
What step in the nursing process is similar to the scientific problem-solving process?
Nursing Diagnosis
570
The statement " My BP is usually 130/82" is ________
Objective
571
What are the 2 types of nursing diagnosis?
Actual and Potential
572
Goal oriented & continuous, client oriented and systemic all describe the ___________ ___________
Nursing Process
573
Assessing a rash on a clients hand is what type of observation?
visual
574
A clients skin feels warm, this is what type of observation?
Tactile
575
What is the foundation upon which a nurse manages the care of multiple clients simutaneously?
Every client has an individual nursing care plan
576
Which step in the nursing process should be completed before identifying goals for care?
Nursing Diagnosis
577
The client continuing to loose weight and only eating small amounts of food would indicate that the nursing care plan must be ____________
revised
578
Obtaining the clients medical history is what step in the nursing process
Nursing Assessment
579
Size, location and color of a wound are __________ data
Objective
580
Respirations are 16 Beats per minute are ________ data
Objective
581
The giving of actual nursing care is called
Implementation
582
The systematic and continuous collection of data is
Nursing assessment
583
The development of goals for care and possible activities to meet them is
Planning
584
The measurement of effectiveness of nursing care is
Evaluation
585
p
pulse
586
-
p
After
587
P.A.
Physician's Assistant
588
P&A
Percussion and Auscultation
589
pc
After meals
590
PCA
Patient Controlled Analgesia
591
PCN
Penicillin
592
P.E.
Physical Examination or Pulmonary Embolism
593
ped
Pediatrics
594
PEG
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastric Tube
595
PERRLA
Pupils Equal, Round, React to light accomodation
596
pH
Hydrogen concentration
597
PID
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
598
P.M.
Afternoon
599
PMS
Pre Menstrual Syndrome
600
Pnx
Pneumonia
601
po/PO
By mouth
602
post-op
Post-Operative
603
ppBTL
Post Partum Bilateral Tubal Ligation
604
prep
Preperation
605
pre-op
Pre-Operative
606
PRN
Whenever Necessary
607
PROM
Premature Rupture of Membranes
608
pt
Patient
609
P.T.
Physical Therapy
610
PUD
Peptic Ulcer Disease
611
PVC
Premature Ventricular Contraction
612
PZI
Protamine Zinc Insulin
613
PPE
Personal Protective Equipment
614
q
Every
615
qid
Four times daily
616
qh
every hour
617
qhs
every bedtime
618
q2h,q3h
every 2 hours, every 3 hours etc.
619
qod
Every other day
620
qns
Quantity Not Sufficient
621
qs
Quantity Sufficient
622
qt
Quart
623
List the steps in order of the nursing process
Assessing, Diagnosing, Planning, Implementing, evaluating and reassessing
624
NANDA
North American Nursing Diagnosis Association
625
CMS
Center
626
NCHS
National Center for Health Statistics
627
ICD-10
International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision
628
AEB
As Evidenced By
629
An ________ _________ is measurable patient behavior that indicates whether the person has achieved the expected benefit of nursing care
expected outcome
630
An expected outcome or goal that a client can reasonably meet in a matter or hours or a few days
short-term objective
631
An outcome that the client ultimately hopes to achieve but which requires a longer period of time to accomplish
long-term goal/objective
632
Nursing actions that do not require a healthcare providers orders
Independent actions
633
___________ ________ are based on orders or specific directions from the healthcare provider
Dependent actions
634
Another term for being responsible for the actions you perform
accountability
635
Another term for manually performing a task
Technical skills
636
