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PNE- 155 > Chapter 25- Respiratory > Flashcards

Chapter 25- Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

S.R. What system involves the life-sustaining priorities of Airway and Breathing?

A

The respiratory system

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2
Q

S.R. What infection is the most common between the sinus cavities and nasal mucosa

A

Upper Respiratory Infection (URI)

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3
Q

S.R. True or False, Left bronchus is more susceptible to aspiration of fluids or foreign objects

A

False, Right bronchus

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4
Q

MM- What is a result of decreased numbers of alveoli and diffusion ability

A

Less ability to compenate for respiratory needs in stress or illess

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5
Q

MM- What is a nursing implication for decreased numbers of alveoli and diffusion ability

A

Advise pt to avoid contant with children or others with respiratory tract infections

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6
Q

MM- What is a result of decreased strength in breathing and coughing

A

Hypoventilation leading to respiratory problems and pneumonia

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7
Q

S.R. A __________ ________ or other opening into the chest must be immediately plugged, to prevent death.

A

Puncture wound

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8
Q

MM- What is a result of size of chest wall decreasing as a result of kyphosis and osteoporosis

A

difficulty breathing deeply

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9
Q

S.R. ___________ causes a decrease in bronchial diameter, constriction of blood vessels, and paralysis of cilia, and can destroy lung tissue itself over time.

A

Nicotine

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10
Q

MM- what is a result of decreased elasticity of lungs and bronchioles

A

Increased risk for pnemonia and circulatory disorders

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11
Q

KM: ____ relates to the integration and balance of body systems

A

Homeostasis

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12
Q

KM: What are some disorders of the respiratory system?

A

Obstructive Disorders, Restrictive Disorders, Vascular and Circulatory Disorders, and infections.

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13
Q

KM: T/F Nursing care for older adults must adapt to changes related to aging.

A

True

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14
Q

KM: T/F The nursing process does not produce a significant effect on the respiratory system

A

False: It can produce a significant effect on the respiratory system.

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15
Q

KM: Increased _____ of thorax and diaphragm is common in the effects of aging.

A

Rigidity

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16
Q

KM: With aging does the size of the chest wall decrease or increase?

A

Decrease

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17
Q

KM: What results from an aging client with overweight or extremely inactive issues?

A

Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Decreased Ability to combat infections
Difficulty in breathing; abnormal appearance

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18
Q

KM: The respiratory system has many ____ to protect itself from diseases

A

Mechanisms

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19
Q

KM: Decreased numbers of alveoli and diffusion ability is an effect of what?

A

Aging

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20
Q

KM: What are Nursing Implications for decreased strength in breathing and coughing due to aging?

A

Advise to change position every 2 hr nightly
Encourage client not to smoke
Postural drainage may be prescribed

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21
Q

The ______ system involves the ____ sustaining priorities of airway and breathing. (B.C)

A

respiratory, life

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22
Q

if food gets lodged in the larynx, this action can usually dislodge it (B.C.)

A

coughing

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23
Q

Sinuses drain directly into? (B.C)

A

nasal cavities

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24
Q

T or F: a upper respiratory infection is very common and often causes excess sinus secretions (B.C)

A

True

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25
Q

T or F: choaking and suffocation do not kill many people each year (B.C)

A

False, they do kill many people each year

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26
Q

The ____ bronchus is straighter and wider then the ____. (B.C)

A

right, left

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27
Q

an airless situation in the pleural space is called? (B.C)

A

atelectasis

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28
Q

T or F: atelectasis can only be chronic and not life threatening. (B.C)

A

False, it can be chronic, acute and life threatening

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29
Q

T or F: a tracheotomy is not usually needed for a blocked airway. (B.C)

A

False, tracheotomy may be needed for blockage

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30
Q

Any interruption in the closed chest can be ____________. )B.C)

A

life threatening

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31
Q

T.O. CO2

A

Carbon dioxide

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32
Q

T.O. ERV

A

Expiratory reserve volume

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33
Q

T.O. FRC

A

Functional residual capacity

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34
Q

T.O. IC

A

Inspiratory capacity

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35
Q

T.O. IRV

A

Inspiratory reserve volume

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36
Q

T.O. O2

A

Oxygen

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37
Q

T.O. RV

A

Residual volume

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38
Q

T.O. TLC

A

Total lung capacity

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39
Q

T.O. TV

A

Tidal volume

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40
Q

T.O. URI

A

Upper respiratory infection

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41
Q

T.O. VC

A

Vital capacity

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42
Q

T.O. VT

A

Tidal volume

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43
Q

True or False
A tube shaped passage for air and food is called the pharynx. -AW

A

True

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44
Q

True or False
Sinuses drain directly into the nasal cavities, which also drains into the throat. —AW

A

True

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45
Q

What is the section of the pharynx extending from the nares to the uvula

-AW

A

Nasopharynx

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46
Q

What is the part of the pharynx extending from the uvula to the epiglottis. -AW

A

oropharynx

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47
Q

True or False
The laryngopharynx is the lowest portion of the pharynx -AW

A

True

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48
Q

What serves as an air passage way between the pharynx and the trachea. -AW

A

The Larynx

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49
Q

What automatically closes when swallowing , preventing food from entering the lower respiratory passage . -AW

A

epiglottis

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50
Q

If food becomes lodged in the larynx .What can usually dislodge it? -AW

A

coughing

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51
Q

The largest and most prominent cartilage, in males is known as what? -AW

A

The Adams apple

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52
Q

What is located at the base of the larynx?-AW

A

vocal cords

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53
Q

JR The lungs depend upon which body system to contribute to the gas exchange and deliver oxygen to body cells?

A

Cardiovascular System

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54
Q

JR _______ is the exchange of gases between the external environment and body cells?

A

Respiration

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55
Q

JR The upper respiratory tract consists of the _______, ________, ________ and _________ which serve as pathways for air to enter and exit the lungs, where exchange of gases takes place.

A

nose, sinuses, pharynx and larynx

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56
Q

JR Mucous membrane, richly supplied with _______ ________, lines the nasal cavity.

A

blood vessels

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57
Q

JR The circulatory system transports _______ and the nervous system receives ________ and _______ stimuli at the brains respiratory centers to initiate and control respirations.

A

gases
chemical and nervous

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58
Q

JR The air a person breathes in contains approximately _____% O2 and ______% CO2

A

21, 0.4

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59
Q

JR Exhaled air contains approximately ______%O2 but contains an increased amount of CO2, _______%

A

16, 4.5

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60
Q

JR Nerve endings in the _____ and ______ are responsible for the sense of smell?

A

septum and nasal passages

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61
Q

JR The _______ _______ consists of bone and cartilage which divides the internal nose into 2 sides or cavities?

A

nasal septum

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62
Q

JR Blood vessels lining the nasal cavity aid in _______ and ________ air before it reaches the lungs?

A

warming and moistening

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63
Q

JR. A person can live a few _____ without food, a few _______ without water, but only a few _______ without air.

A

weeks, days, minutes

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64
Q

JR What are the structures of the respiratory system?

A

air passages, pulmonary blood vessels, lungs and muscles of breathing

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65
Q

JR What is the path of air flow into the lungs?

A

Nose–Pharynx–Larynx–Trachea–Bronchi–Bronchioles–Alveoli

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66
Q

JR Which muscle aids in respiration by raising the chest?

A

Pectoralis

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67
Q

JR Which muscle aids in respiration by raising the sternum?

A

Mastoid

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68
Q

JR Which muscle aids in respiration by helping raise the thoracic cage?

A

Trapezium

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69
Q

JR Which muscle aids in respiration by pulling down the lower chest?

A

Abdominis Rectus

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70
Q

JR Which muscles contract to lift and spread the ribs during inhalation, adding to the vaccum?

A

Intercostal Muscles

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71
Q

JR ______ Stimulates the body to breathe?

A

CO2

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72
Q

JR Normal adult respiration is ____ to ____?

A

12 to 20

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73
Q

G.e.r
True or False
A man usually has a larger larynx than women

A

True

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74
Q

G.e.r
what does the trachea consists of?

A

of C-Shaped hyaline cartilage and connective tissue and extends from the lower end of the larynx into the chest cavity

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75
Q

AU: T/F. The aging process has a significant effect on the respiratory system.

A

True

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76
Q

AU: What cells do not begin functioning until the 7th gestational month?

A

alveolar type ll cells

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77
Q

AU: What is RDS?

A

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

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78
Q

AU: T/F. Although the lungs are developing, the fetal respiratory system is dormat during pregnancy.

A

True

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79
Q

AU: What causes surfactant deficiency in preterm infants?

A

alveolar type ll cells not yet functioning

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80
Q

AU: T/F. Nursing care for older adults must adapt to changes related to aging.

A

True

81
Q

AU: What helps determine lung maturity in a fetus?

A

amniotic fluid tests

82
Q

AU: What is the treatment for RDS?

A

mechanical ventilation and administration of synthetic surfactant

83
Q

AU: What prevents RDS?

A

steroid injections during pregnancy

84
Q

AU: What’s another name for RDS?

A

Hyaline Membrane Disease

85
Q

g.e.r
in the event of a blocked airway a ________ may be needed.

A

Tracheotomy; an artificial opening from the outside either temporary or permanent

86
Q

g.e.r
why is the right bronchus more susceptible to aspirate of fluids or foreign objects?

A

is straighter down and wider than the left.

87
Q

ger
what does the trachea consist of

A

C-shaped hyaline cartilage and connective tissue and extends from the lower end of the larynx into the chest cavity behind the heart

88
Q

g.e.r
how many lobes does the right love have?

A

3

89
Q

G.e.r
how many lobes does the left have?

A

2

90
Q

g.e.r.
what is it called when the bronchi become smaller their walls become thinner the amount of cartlige decreases ?

A

bronchioles

91
Q

g.e.r
what type of muscle is encircled in the bronchi and bronchioles?

A

smooth muscle

92
Q

g.e.r
True/ False
A man usually had a larger larynx and therefore a deeper voice than most women?

A

True

93
Q

g.e.r
the ____ are close together air passing over them causes them to vibrate producing sound similar to a reed organ

A

Vocal cords

94
Q

g.er
as in the nose mucus in the _____traps inhaled foreign particles which waves of cilia carry out of the respiratory tract through the pharynx.

A

Trachea

95
Q

J.S Respiratory system functions:

A

Taking O2 from the atmosphere, exchanging it for CO2 from the body, and assisting with regulation of body pH.

96
Q

J.S The lungs depend on the cardiovascular system to:

A

Contribute to the gas exchange and deliver O2 to the body’s cells.

97
Q

J.S Respiration involves 3 processes:

A

Ventilation (breathing) gas exchange (in and alveoli of the lungs and body cells) and O2 and CO2 transportation (for metabolism, body processes, and waste removal).

98
Q

J.S Upper respiratory tract consists of:

A

Nose, sinuses, pharynx, and larynx, which serve as pathways for air to enter and exit the lungs, where exchange of gases takes place.

99
Q

J.S The nasal septum:

A

Consisting of bone and cartilage, divides the internal nose into two sides or cavities.

100
Q

J.S Acid-base balance:

A

Assists in regulating bodies pH, eliminates some water.

101
Q

J.S Speech production:

A

Air passes over vocal cords to produce sound.

102
Q

J.S Circulatory system:

A

Transports gases and the nervous system receives chemical and nervous stimuli at the brains respiratory center to initiate and control respirations.

103
Q

J.S CN I

A

Sense of smell, the olfactory nerve. Transmits nerve impulses to the brain.

104
Q

J.S What lines the nasal cavity?

A

mucous membrane, richly supplied with blood vessels. These vessels aid in warming and moistening air before it reaches the lungs.

105
Q

J.S The respirator systems involves:

A

The life-sustaining priorities of Airway and Breathing.

106
Q

J.S ERV

A

Expiratory reserve volume, maximum volume of air that can be exhaled forcibly after a normal exhalation.

Normal value: 1,100mL

107
Q

CG - what are two types of respiration?

A

Are external and internal

108
Q

CG - the exchange of O2 for CO2 within the cells is called?

A

Tissue respiration, internal respiration, or cellular respiration (cell breathing)

109
Q

CG- what is external respiration?

A

The exchange of o2 for co2 within the alveoli of the lungs (by diffusion - passive transport)

110
Q

CG- lung capacity varies with?

A

Sex, size, physical condition, and age

111
Q

CG - the ability of the lungs and thorax to expand also influences?

A

Lung volumes and capacities

112
Q

CG - what is TLC?

A

Total Lung Capacity

113
Q

CG- what is FRC?

A

Functional residual capacity

114
Q

CG - what is IC?

A

Inspiratory capacity

115
Q

CG- what is VC?

A

Vital capacity

116
Q

CG - Lung capacities include?

A

VC, IC, FRC, TLC

117
Q

J.O. Air enters the body through the right and left external _____ (nostrils).

A

Nares

118
Q

J.O. Hairs at the entrance of the nostrils and ____ (tiny hairlike projections) on the membranes serve as filters to remove some foreign particles that otherwise might be carried to the lungs

A

Cilia

119
Q

J.O. Four cavities (_____) are located in each side of the nasal area (a total of eight).

A

Sinuses

120
Q

J.O. Air travels from the nose to the?

A

Pharynx, a tube-shaped passage for air and food

121
Q

J.O. The section of the pharynx extending from the nares to the uvula is the _____

A

Nasopharynx, a passageway for air only

122
Q

J.O. The ______ is the part of the pharynx extending from the uvula to the epiglottis.

A

Oropharynx

123
Q

J.O. What is the lowest portion of the pharynx?

A

Laryngopharynx

124
Q

J.O. A lid or cover of cartilage, the _____ (“trap door cartilage”), guards the entrance to the larynx.

A

Epiglottis

125
Q

ML define- mediastinum

A

The area lying between the lungs in the thorax.

126
Q

ML. Define- eupnea

A

Normal respiration

127
Q

ML Define- dyspnea

A

Difficult breathing

128
Q

ML Define- diaphragm

A

Dome-shaped muscle separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities, which contracts and flattens to increase both chest space and pleural vacuum

129
Q

ML Define- pleural

A

A smooth double-layered sac of serous membrane in the lower respiratory tract

130
Q

ML Define- trachea

A

The windpipe, through which food and air pass, approximately 4.5 in. Long and 1 in. Diameter in adults

131
Q

ML Define- nasopharynx

A

Section of the pharynx that extends from the nares to the uvula that is used for air passages only

132
Q

ML Define- oropharynx

A

The part of the pharynx extending from the uvula to the epiglottis

133
Q

ML define- vocal cords

A

Two thin, triangle-shaped reedlike foldable or fibrous bands

134
Q

ML define- epiglottis

A

A lid or cover of cartilage that guards the entrance to the larynx

135
Q
A
136
Q

What are the two types of respiration?
AB

A

External and internal

137
Q

What is the exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide within the alveoli of the lungs?
AB

A

External respiration

138
Q

What are protective reflexes needed to dislodge materials from respiratory passages?
AB

A

Coughing and sneezing

139
Q

What is the response to a lack of oxygen or accumulation of carbon dioxide?
AB

A

Yawning

140
Q

What is encouraged to assist in improving oxygen delivery to the lungs and tissues?
AB

A

Coughing and deep breathing

141
Q

Movement of gases through what allows a person to speak or sing?
AB

A

Mouth, larynx, and pharynx

142
Q

What factors can cause a decrease in gas exchange?
AB

A

Immobility, thoracic/pulmonary surgery, or pneumonia

143
Q

Why would supplemental oxygen be ordered?
AB

A

To improve arterial oxygen levels

144
Q

What is respiration?
AB

A

The exchange of gases between a person’s external environment and internal cells

145
Q

What must happen for the respiratory system to function?
AB

A

It must remain moist, cells must be thin, there must be a source of oxygen, and the respiratory system must communicate with the circulatory system

146
Q

J.O. At the base of the larynx are the ____ _____, two thin, triangle-shaped reedlike folds or fibrous bands.

A

Vocal cords

147
Q

J.O. Air passed from the larynx into the _____, a tube approximately 4.5 in. (11cm) long and 1 in. diameter in adults

A

Trachea

148
Q

J.O. As the trachea enters the chest cavity, it divides into two smaller tubes called the?

A

Bronchi

149
Q

J.O. As the bronchi become smaller, their walls become thinner, the amount of cartilage decreases, and they become known as?

A

Bronchioles

150
Q

J.O. The bronchioles branch first into _____ _____, which look like stems, and end in many _____ ___, which look like clusters of grapes

A

Alveolar ducts,
Alveolar sacs

151
Q

J.O. What is secreted by the great alveolar (type II) cells of the lungs and is a mixture of phospholipids (a special type of fat, containing phosphorus)?

A

Surfactant (surface active agent)

152
Q

IH
What is difficult breathing called?

A

dyspnea

153
Q

CL. Infection in either the sinus cavities or the nasal mucosa can cause what

A

Upper respiratory infection and excess sinus secretion

154
Q

CL. Tonsils aren’t removed because of what function

A

Lymphatic Functions

155
Q

CL. If a person becomes out choked, what is the best thing for them to do?

A

Cough

156
Q

CL. which Broncos is more likely to aspiration

A

Right Bronchus

157
Q

CL True or false in the event of a blocked airway, a trichotomy may be needed.

A

True

158
Q

CL. What type of procedure is a trichotomy?

A

This is an artificial opening from the outside, either temporary or permanent into the trachea to allow for breathing

159
Q

CL Air or fluid accumulation in the plural space can cause what

A

A collapsed lung

160
Q

CL pleurisy if inflammation of the what?

A

Plura

161
Q

CL an excess of carbon dioxide in the body lowers what?

A

The body’s pH level, which then stimulates the medulla to increase respiration

162
Q

CL What system must communicate with the respiratory system?

A

The circulatory system

163
Q
A
164
Q

IH
What dome- shaped muscle separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities?

A

diaphragm

165
Q

IH
What is the major regulator of respiration?

A

carbon dioxide

166
Q

IH
What is the mechanical process of respiration that moves air to and from alveoli?

A

ventilation

167
Q

IH
What is the inner layer that covers the lungs?

A

Visceral Pleura

168
Q

IH
What is the outer layer that covers the lungs?

A

Parietal Pleura

169
Q

J.O. Humans have two cone-shaped ____ that fill the chest cavity

A

Lungs

170
Q

IH
What muscles contract to lift and spread the ribs during inhalation?

A

intercostal muscles

171
Q

IH
What is the area lying between the lungs in the thorax (chest)?

A

mediastinum

172
Q

IH
The bronchioles branch first into the ______________, which look like stems, and end in many ___________ which look like clusters of grapes.

A

alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs

173
Q

IH
____________ is secreted by the great alveolar cells of the lungs and is a mixture of phospholipids

A

Surfactant

174
Q

Cilia

CH

A

Hair-like threads that sweep material

175
Q

Bronchiole
CH

A

Smaller Bronch

176
Q

Bronchi

A

Tubular shaped air passages that connect the trachea and lungs

177
Q

Dyspnea

CH

A

Difficulty in breathing

178
Q

Internal Respiration

CH

A

Cellular Breathing

179
Q

Trachea

CH

A

Wind pipe

180
Q

Surfactant

CH

A

Surface active Agent

181
Q

Sinus
CH

A

A cavity or a channel

182
Q

Inspiration

CH

A

Inhalation, drawing air into lungs

183
Q

Intercostal muscle
CH

A

Muscles located between the ribs

184
Q

Air or fluid accumulation in the pleural space can cause what? (Mh)

A

Lung collapse.

185
Q

The mechanical process of respiration that moves air to and from alveoli.

A

Ventilation

186
Q

Denotes dyspnea that is relieved when person sits up(mh)

A

Orthopnea

187
Q

______ is the respiratory center (mh)

A

Medulla

188
Q

An excess of CO2 in the blood can lower _____? (Mh)

A

Blood pH

189
Q

The volume of air inhales and exhaled with each breath (mh)

A

Tidal volume

190
Q

The maximum volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation (mh)

A

Inspiratory reserve volume

191
Q

The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum exhalation (mh)

A

Residual volume

192
Q

The maximum volume of air inhaled after normal expiration (mh)

A

Inspiration capacity

193
Q

__________ in the medulla stimulate the muscles of respiration in response to changes in CO2 levels (mh)

A

Chemoreceptors

194
Q

Lung capacities vary with ? (Mh)

A

Sex, size, physical condition, and age

195
Q

____ is the exchange of gasses between a persons external environment and internal cells (mh)

A

Respiration

196
Q

External respiration is gas exchange at what level? (Mh)

A

Lung level

197
Q

Internal respiration is gas exchange at what level? (Mh)

A

Cellular level

198
Q

For the respiratory system to function it must remain ___? (Mh)

A

Moist (to dissolve gases)

199
Q

What gas stimulates breathing? (Mh)

A

CO2

PNE- 155 (9 decks)

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