Chapter 23 Flashcards
-Please create 10 flashcards -Please add your initials to the beginning of the card so I can keep track of how many cards each student has completed
1
Q
What is the primary function of red blood cells?
A
To transport oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues.
2
Q
True or False: Platelets are responsible for blood clotting.
A
True.
3
Q
Fill in the blank: The liquid component of blood is called _____ .
A
plasma.
4
Q
What are the three main types of blood cells?
A
Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
5
Q
Which type of white blood cell is primarily responsible for fighting bacterial infections?
A
Neutrophils.
6
Q
What is the role of the lymphatic system?
A
To maintain fluid balance, absorb fats from the digestive system, and provide immune responses.
7
Q
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a component of the lymphatic system? A) Lymph nodes B) Spleen C) Liver D) Thymus
A
C) Liver.
8
Q
True or False: The spleen filters blood and helps fight infections.
A
True.
9
Q
What is anemia?
A
A condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood.
10
Q
Fill in the blank: _____ is the process by which blood cells are formed.
A
Hematopoiesis.
11
Q
What is the normal range for adult white blood cell count?
A
4,500 to 11,000 cells per microliter of blood.
12
Q
Multiple Choice: Which type of lymphocyte is involved in the adaptive immune response? A) Eosinophils B) T cells C) Basophils D) Monocytes
A
B) T cells.
13
Q
True or False: Lymph fluid is similar to blood plasma.
A
True.
14
Q
What is the function of lymph nodes?
A
To filter lymph and trap pathogens and foreign particles.
15
Q
Fill in the blank: The _____ is responsible for producing antibodies.
A
B lymphocyte.
16
Q
What is the main role of hemoglobin?
A
To bind and transport oxygen in red blood cells.
17
Q
Multiple Choice: Which condition is characterized by excessive bleeding due to low platelet levels? A) Thrombocytopenia B) Hemophilia C) Anemia D) Leukemia
A
A) Thrombocytopenia.
18
Q
True or False: The bone marrow is the primary site of hematopoiesis.
A
True.
19
Q
What is lymph?
A
A clear fluid that circulates in the lymphatic system, containing white blood cells and waste products.
20
Q
Fill in the blank: _____ are the cells primarily responsible for the immune response.
A
Lymphocytes.
21
Q
What is the function of the thymus gland?
A
To mature T lymphocytes and play a role in the immune system.
22
Q
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common symptom of anemia? A) Fatigue B) Fever C) Weight gain D) Nausea
A
A) Fatigue.
23
Q
True or False: The lymphatic system plays a role in fat absorption from the digestive tract.
A
True.
24
Q
What is the average lifespan of a red blood cell?
A
Approximately 120 days.
25
Fill in the blank: _____ are large white blood cells that engulf and digest pathogens.
Macrophages.
26
Multiple Choice: Which blood type is considered the universal donor? A) A B) B C) AB D) O
D) O.
27
KM: What are the functions of the hematologic system?
Transportation, Regulation, Protection
28
KM: Blood is considered a ___________ tissue
Connective
29
KM True or False? Blood is composed of both plasma and formed elements.
True
30
KM: What is considered the largest group of the plasma proteins?
Albumin
31
KM: Which 2 plasma proteins are essential for blood clotting?
Fibrinogen and Prothrombin
32
KM: Plasma is ___% water
90
33
KM: True or False? The normal Hemoglobin level in a Male is 12-16g/dL
False, 12-16 g/dL are normal levels for a female. The normal male level is 14-18g/dL
34
KM: _______ are the most numerous blood cells.
Erythrocytes
35
KM: What is the other name for Granular Leukocytes?
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes
36
KM: What is considered the largest lymphatic organ and is located directly below the diaphragm?
The Spleen
37
KM: What is considered the largest lymphatic organ and is located directly below the diaphragm?
The Spleen
38
J.S
Eosinophils:
Increase during allergic and inflammatory response, resulting in vasodilation and edema, itching, and possibly bronchial obstruction.
39
J.S. Red bone marrow
Manufactures blood cells, or “formed elements,” of blood.
40
What contributes to the production of Agranular white blood cells?
Lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus
41
J.S
Erythropoiesis
Formation of RBCs (erythrocytes)
Erythro = red
42
J.S
Erythropoietin
A glycoprotein-type hormone secreted by kidneys in adults.
43
J.S
Average adult body contains approximately how many L of blood
4-6 liters of blood
44
J.S
Blood is considered a:
connective tissue
45
J.S
Blood performs functions of:
Transportation
Regulation
Protection.
46
J.S
Hematopoiesis (Hemopoiesis)
Production, multiplication, maturation, specialization of cells in bone marrow
47
AW Coagulation
Blood clotting
48
AW T/F Glucose is a form of an antigen
False
49
AW A virus may be indicated by an increase in?
Lymphocytes
50
AW What organ is responsible for the destruction of old RBC's?
Spleen
51
AW What molecule is found on erythrocytes that carries oxygen?
Hemoglobin
52
AW In increase in ? may indicate allergies.
Eosinophils
53
AW What type of nonspecific immunity protects the eyes?
Tears
54
AW What is responsible for humoral immune response?
B cells
55
AW Normal RBC value
4.2-5.4
56
AW What type of immunity is obtained through vaccination?
Artificially Acquired Active
57
BC Filters lymph fluid
lymph nodes
58
BC Low RBC count causes
Anemia
59
BC This lymphoid tissue traps pathogens
tonsils
60
BC Bone marrow produces...
RBC, WBC, platelets
61
BC This carries hemoglobin (which carries oxygen)
RBC
62
BC This organ removes old RBC and filters blood
spleen
63
BC In an emergency, what blood would be used without knowing clients blood type?
O-
64
BC This organ develops immune cells
thymus
65
BC Platelets are also known as
thrombocytes
66
BC This helps repair damaged blood vessels
platelets
67
JR What is the name for type of globulin that are antibodies that are synthesized by the body in response to antigens, providing immunity?
Gamma Globulins
68
JR What is the name for the percentage of blood volume occupied by RBC's?
hematocrit
69
JR Which type of WBC is the largest and is characterized by the absence of granules in their cytoplasm, except for lysosomes?
Monocytes
70
JR What is the average lifespan of RBC's?
120 days
71
JR What is the first cell to arrive at the site of an injury and devour invading organisms with ESF?
Neutrophils
72
JR Another term for a circulating clot?
Embolus
73
JR What is the medical condition in which the blood clotting ability is severely reduced, causing the person to bleed severely from a slight wound?
Hemophilia
74
JR What is the term for the sheaths of lymphatic tissue surrounding arteries of the spleen, specifically the splenic artery?
White pulp
75
JR What helps provide uninterrupted blood supply to the brain?
Circle of Willis
76
JR What protects the brain from harmful substances?
Blood-brain barrier
77
JR The lymph system drains interstitial fluid into lymphatic vessels, which empties into ________?
veins
78
CL The hematologic system consists of?
Blood and bone marrow
79
CL The lymphatic system consists of
Lymphatic vessels and tissues
Lymph
80
CL What are the functions of blood?
transportation, regulation, and protection
81
CL What is Erythropoiesis?
Formation of Red Blood Cells
82
CL What is Erythropoietin and where is it secreted from?
Erythropoietin is a hormone secreted by the kidneys, which them stimulates cells in the bone marrow to produce RBCs
83
CL In an average adult body how much blood does the body contain?
4-6L of Blood
84
CL What does an abnormal amout of White Blood Cells indicate?
disease or infection in the body
85
CL What are the 2 types of White Blood Cells?
Granulocytes and Agranulocytes
86
CL What are the smallest elements formed in the body called?
Platelets
87
Cl What is the largest Lymphatic organ?
The Spleen
88
CL What carries fluid away from tissues?
Lymph
89
CL What is pulmonary circulation?
criculation between heart and lungs.
90
J.S
Effects of aging on the lymphatic system:
Stem cells and marrow reserves decrease
Decreased number of platelets
Fat bone marrow replaces blood-forming marrow
Vitamin B12 and vitamin K absorption may be impaired
Hemoglobin levels decrease
91
J.S Laboratory values for male:
Hgb 14-18g/dL
RBCs 4.6-6.2 million/mm3
WBCs 5,000-9,000 million/mm3 (all adults)
92
J.S
Laboratory values for female:
Hgb 12-16 g/dL
RBCs 4.2-5.4 million/mm3
WBCs 5,000-9,000 million/mm3 (all adults)
93
J.S Laboratory values for newborn:
Hgb 16.5-19.5 g/dL
RBCs children vary by age
WBCs children vary by age
94
JR What has a short lifespan of 10 hours and needs to be replaced frequently?
Neutrophils
95
JR what are characterized by speckled or grainy cytoplasm and survive only about 12 hr to 3 days?
Eosinophils
96
JR A scab is the evidence of a _______ clot?
Fibrin
97
JR_________ are inherited antigens?
Rh factors
98
JR Hemorrhage from a _________ comes in spurts, a hemorrhage from a _______ has a steady flow.
artery, vein
99
JR Lymphoid tissue may be organized into lymph nodes or may be loosely organized tissue known as __________?
(MALT) Muscosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue
100
JR Functions of the lymphatic system?
Transportation, Absorption, Protection and Manufacture
101
JR A form or erythropoietin derived from DNA technology, may be used to treat the type of anemia caused by insufficient or inaffective RBC's is called ___________?
(RHE) Recombinant Human Erythropoietin
102
JR __________ is a compound related to hemoglobin that stores oxygen in muscle cells.
Myoglobin
103
JR Which type of white blood cell is primarily responsible for allergic reactions?
Eosinophils
104
JR What is the primary lymphoid organ where lymphocytes are produced?
Thymus
105
JR Which lymphocyte is responsible for producing antibodies?
B cell
106
JR Which of the following is NOT a function of the spleen?
A. Filtering Blood
B. Storing RBC's
C. Producing WBC's
D. Destroying old RBC's
C. Producing WBC's
107
JR Where does hematopoiesis take place?
Bone marrow
108
JR Which of these cells is concerned with clotting?
A. Lymphocyte
B. Thrombocyte
C. Leucocyte
D. Hepatocyte
B. Thrombocyte
109
JR What is the process by which red blood cells are produced?
Ertythropoiesis
110
JR All of the following are functions of the lymph tissues EXCEPT?
A. Developing antigens
B. Immune response
C. Defending against infection
D. Transportation of fatty acids and fats
A. Developing antigens
111
JR All of the following are important functions of albumin EXCEPT?
A. Maintains osmotic pressure within blood vessels
B. Maintains blood pressure
C. Provides thickness to the circulating blood volume
D. Blood clotting
D. Blood clotting
112
JR T/F Prothrombin, a plasma protein, promotes clotting of blood?
True
113
JR An agent that prevents or delays blood coagulation is ?
Anticoagulant
114
JR What consists of the basophils, neutrophils, and eosinophils?
A. Globulin
B. Fibrins
C. Erythrocytes
D. Granulocytes
D. Granulocytes
115
JR Vitamin ____ is necessary for the formation of prothrombin and other clotting factors?
K
116
JR What lymphatic organ contains white pulp and red pulp?
Spleen
117
JR Erythropoietin is produced by the ________?
Kidneys
118
MM- What is considered the universal donor for blood?
O
119
MM- Which plasma proteins are responsible for blood clotting?
Fibrinogen and Prothrombin
120
MM- The average lifespan of a circulating RBC is _____?
120 days
121
MM- Blood is also known as what kind of tissue?
Connective
122
MM- What percentage of plasma is water?
90%
123
MM- What blood type is the universal recipient?
AB
124
MM- The thymus gland is located in which body region?
Behind the sternum
125
MM- What type of cells produce antibodies?
B cells
126
MM- Where are T cells produced?
Thymus
127
MM- Antibodies are responsible for...?
Making antigens for destruction
128
MM- Thrombocytes are also known as?
Platelets
129
MM- T/F: Women have higher RBC levels than men
False
130
MM- Production of blood cells is termed...?
Hematopoiesis
131
MM- Which granulocyte is responsible for histamine during an allergic reaction?
Basophils
132
MM- What is the smallest formed element of the blood?
Platelets
133
MM- What organ is responsible for the destruction of old RBCs?
Spleen
134
MM- What is coagulation
Blood Clotting
135
MM- What are macrophages
Cells that performs phagocytosis
136
T.O. What group is Albumin, Fibrinogen, Prothrombin, and Globulin in?
Plasma Proteins
137
T.O. How long is the lifespan of an individual RBC?
120 Days
138
T.O. What is hematocrit?
The volume percentage of packed red blood cells in whole blood
139
T.O. What are the two types of WBCs?
Granular and Agranular
140
T.O. What are the first cells to arrive at the site of an injury?
Neutrophils
141
T.O. What is the difference between a thrombus and an embolus?
A thrombus is a stationary clot, embolus is a clot that circulates
142
T.O. What is lymph?
The thin, watery, colorless liquid
143
T.O. What are lymph nodes?
Small bundles of special lymphoid tissue
144
T.O. What is the largest lymphatic organ?
Spleen
145
T.O. What does the circle of Willis provide?
An uninterrupted blood supply to the brain
146
J.O. What is the “adaptation of the circulation” that protects the brain?
Blood-brain barrier (BBB)
147
J.O. This tissue forms a protective barrier for substances entering the oral and respiratory passages.
Tonsils
148
J.O. What are some functions of the spleen?
-Has a role in blood cell formation
-In an adult, the spleen destroys old RBCs and forms bilirubin from hemoglobin
-Acts as a reservoir for blood, can be released to the body quickly in an emergency
-Filters and destroys pathogens and other foreign materials from the blood
149
J.O. The internal carotid anastomoses (connects) with the __________, thus providing oxygenated blood to the brain
Circle of Willis
150
J.O. Why is the circle of Willis important?
It allows blood to continue to flow in the brain if one of the arteries supplying the brain is blocked
151
J.O. Which circuit carries blood to the lungs to be oxygenated?
The pulmonary circuit
152
J.O. List the correct sequence of production and circulation of blood through the body
1. The red bone marrow manufactures all blood cells
2. Lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus contribute to additional production and maturation of agranular white blood cells
3. Blood is carried through a closed system of vessels pumped by the heart
4. Blood carries out the transportation of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, heat, waste products, and hormones
5. Blood in the general (systemic) circulation returns to the right atrium of the heart
153
J.O. True or false. The systemic circuit carries blood to all other parts of the body.
True
154
J.O. The formation of blood cells originating in ____ cells in red bone marrow is called hematopoiesis or hemopoeisis
Stem
155
J.O. What is the primary objective of blood?
The primary objective of blood is to maintain a constant environment for the rest of the body’s tissues. It maintains homeostasis via its viscosity, and its ability to move to all body parts
156
Heme is commonly used?
To donate blood
157
Stasi means?
Stopping
158
The primary lymphatic system consist of?
They thymus gland and bone marrow
159
Spleen
Largest lymphatic organ, located directly below diaphragm above the left kidney behind the stomach
160
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (MABP)
Calculated based on the relationship between the systolic and diastolic BP
161
Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB)
“Adaptation of the circulation” that protects the brain
162
Lymph tissues do what?
Flicker blood, destroy pathogens, and develop antibodies against antigens.
163
Blood is composed of plasma and formed elements including?
RBC’s, WBC’s, and platelets
164
What is the thymus?
A ductless gland in the upper chest, under the sternum.
165
S.R. Normal laboratory value for Hgb (male)
14-18g/dL
166
S.R. Normal laboratory value for Hgb (female)
12-16g/dL
167
S.R. Normal RBC laboratory value (male)
4.6-6.2 million/mm3
168
S.R. Normal RBC laboratory value (female)
4.2-5.4 million/mm3
169
S.R. Normal WBC laboratory value (all adults)
5,000-9,000 million/mm3
170
S.R. Normal Lymphocytes laboratory value
25-33
171
S.R. Normal Monocytes laboratory value
3-7
172
S.R. Normal Eosinophils laboratory value
1-3
173
S.R. Normal Basophils laboratory value
0-1
174
S.R. Normal platelet count laboratory value
150,000-400,000/mm3
175
AU: fill in the blank. granular leukocytes also known as _____, because their ____ have so many lobes.
polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), nuclei
