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PNE- 155 > Chapter 23 > Flashcards

Chapter 23 Flashcards

-Please create 10 flashcards -Please add your initials to the beginning of the card so I can keep track of how many cards each student has completed

1
Q

What is the primary function of red blood cells?

A

To transport oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues.

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2
Q

True or False: Platelets are responsible for blood clotting.

A

True.

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: The liquid component of blood is called _____ .

A

plasma.

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4
Q

What are the three main types of blood cells?

A

Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

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5
Q

Which type of white blood cell is primarily responsible for fighting bacterial infections?

A

Neutrophils.

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6
Q

What is the role of the lymphatic system?

A

To maintain fluid balance, absorb fats from the digestive system, and provide immune responses.

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7
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a component of the lymphatic system? A) Lymph nodes B) Spleen C) Liver D) Thymus

A

C) Liver.

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8
Q

True or False: The spleen filters blood and helps fight infections.

A

True.

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9
Q

What is anemia?

A

A condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood.

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: _____ is the process by which blood cells are formed.

A

Hematopoiesis.

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11
Q

What is the normal range for adult white blood cell count?

A

4,500 to 11,000 cells per microliter of blood.

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12
Q

Multiple Choice: Which type of lymphocyte is involved in the adaptive immune response? A) Eosinophils B) T cells C) Basophils D) Monocytes

A

B) T cells.

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13
Q

True or False: Lymph fluid is similar to blood plasma.

A

True.

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14
Q

What is the function of lymph nodes?

A

To filter lymph and trap pathogens and foreign particles.

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is responsible for producing antibodies.

A

B lymphocyte.

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16
Q

What is the main role of hemoglobin?

A

To bind and transport oxygen in red blood cells.

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17
Q

Multiple Choice: Which condition is characterized by excessive bleeding due to low platelet levels? A) Thrombocytopenia B) Hemophilia C) Anemia D) Leukemia

A

A) Thrombocytopenia.

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18
Q

True or False: The bone marrow is the primary site of hematopoiesis.

A

True.

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19
Q

What is lymph?

A

A clear fluid that circulates in the lymphatic system, containing white blood cells and waste products.

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20
Q

Fill in the blank: _____ are the cells primarily responsible for the immune response.

A

Lymphocytes.

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21
Q

What is the function of the thymus gland?

A

To mature T lymphocytes and play a role in the immune system.

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22
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common symptom of anemia? A) Fatigue B) Fever C) Weight gain D) Nausea

A

A) Fatigue.

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23
Q

True or False: The lymphatic system plays a role in fat absorption from the digestive tract.

A

True.

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24
Q

What is the average lifespan of a red blood cell?

A

Approximately 120 days.

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25
Q

Fill in the blank: _____ are large white blood cells that engulf and digest pathogens.

A

Macrophages.

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26
Q

Multiple Choice: Which blood type is considered the universal donor? A) A B) B C) AB D) O

A

D) O.

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27
Q

KM: What are the functions of the hematologic system?

A

Transportation, Regulation, Protection

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28
Q

KM: Blood is considered a ___________ tissue

A

Connective

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29
Q

KM True or False? Blood is composed of both plasma and formed elements.

A

True

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30
Q

KM: What is considered the largest group of the plasma proteins?

A

Albumin

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31
Q

KM: Which 2 plasma proteins are essential for blood clotting?

A

Fibrinogen and Prothrombin

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32
Q

KM: Plasma is ___% water

A

90

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33
Q

KM: True or False? The normal Hemoglobin level in a Male is 12-16g/dL

A

False, 12-16 g/dL are normal levels for a female. The normal male level is 14-18g/dL

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34
Q

KM: _______ are the most numerous blood cells.

A

Erythrocytes

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35
Q

KM: What is the other name for Granular Leukocytes?

A

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes

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36
Q

KM: What is considered the largest lymphatic organ and is located directly below the diaphragm?

A

The Spleen

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37
Q

KM: What is considered the largest lymphatic organ and is located directly below the diaphragm?

A

The Spleen

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38
Q

J.S

Eosinophils:

A

Increase during allergic and inflammatory response, resulting in vasodilation and edema, itching, and possibly bronchial obstruction.

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39
Q

J.S. Red bone marrow

A

Manufactures blood cells, or “formed elements,” of blood.

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40
Q

What contributes to the production of Agranular white blood cells?

A

Lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus

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41
Q

J.S

Erythropoiesis

A

Formation of RBCs (erythrocytes)

Erythro = red

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42
Q

J.S
Erythropoietin

A

A glycoprotein-type hormone secreted by kidneys in adults.

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43
Q

J.S

Average adult body contains approximately how many L of blood

A

4-6 liters of blood

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44
Q

J.S
Blood is considered a:

A

connective tissue

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45
Q

J.S
Blood performs functions of:

A

Transportation
Regulation
Protection.

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46
Q

J.S
Hematopoiesis (Hemopoiesis)

A

Production, multiplication, maturation, specialization of cells in bone marrow

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47
Q

AW Coagulation

A

Blood clotting

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48
Q

AW T/F Glucose is a form of an antigen

A

False

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49
Q

AW A virus may be indicated by an increase in?

A

Lymphocytes

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50
Q

AW What organ is responsible for the destruction of old RBC’s?

A

Spleen

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51
Q

AW What molecule is found on erythrocytes that carries oxygen?

A

Hemoglobin

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52
Q

AW In increase in ? may indicate allergies.

A

Eosinophils

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53
Q

AW What type of nonspecific immunity protects the eyes?

A

Tears

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54
Q

AW What is responsible for humoral immune response?

A

B cells

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55
Q

AW Normal RBC value

A

4.2-5.4

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56
Q

AW What type of immunity is obtained through vaccination?

A

Artificially Acquired Active

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57
Q

BC Filters lymph fluid

A

lymph nodes

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58
Q

BC Low RBC count causes

A

Anemia

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59
Q

BC This lymphoid tissue traps pathogens

A

tonsils

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60
Q

BC Bone marrow produces…

A

RBC, WBC, platelets

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61
Q

BC This carries hemoglobin (which carries oxygen)

A

RBC

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62
Q

BC This organ removes old RBC and filters blood

A

spleen

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63
Q

BC In an emergency, what blood would be used without knowing clients blood type?

A

O-

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64
Q

BC This organ develops immune cells

A

thymus

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65
Q

BC Platelets are also known as

A

thrombocytes

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66
Q

BC This helps repair damaged blood vessels

A

platelets

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67
Q

JR What is the name for type of globulin that are antibodies that are synthesized by the body in response to antigens, providing immunity?

A

Gamma Globulins

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68
Q

JR What is the name for the percentage of blood volume occupied by RBC’s?

A

hematocrit

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69
Q

JR Which type of WBC is the largest and is characterized by the absence of granules in their cytoplasm, except for lysosomes?

A

Monocytes

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70
Q

JR What is the average lifespan of RBC’s?

A

120 days

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71
Q

JR What is the first cell to arrive at the site of an injury and devour invading organisms with ESF?

A

Neutrophils

72
Q

JR Another term for a circulating clot?

A

Embolus

73
Q

JR What is the medical condition in which the blood clotting ability is severely reduced, causing the person to bleed severely from a slight wound?

A

Hemophilia

74
Q

JR What is the term for the sheaths of lymphatic tissue surrounding arteries of the spleen, specifically the splenic artery?

A

White pulp

75
Q

JR What helps provide uninterrupted blood supply to the brain?

A

Circle of Willis

76
Q

JR What protects the brain from harmful substances?

A

Blood-brain barrier

77
Q

JR The lymph system drains interstitial fluid into lymphatic vessels, which empties into ________?

A

veins

78
Q

CL The hematologic system consists of?

A

Blood and bone marrow

79
Q

CL The lymphatic system consists of

A

Lymphatic vessels and tissues
Lymph

80
Q

CL What are the functions of blood?

A

transportation, regulation, and protection

81
Q

CL What is Erythropoiesis?

A

Formation of Red Blood Cells

82
Q

CL What is Erythropoietin and where is it secreted from?

A

Erythropoietin is a hormone secreted by the kidneys, which them stimulates cells in the bone marrow to produce RBCs

83
Q

CL In an average adult body how much blood does the body contain?

A

4-6L of Blood

84
Q

CL What does an abnormal amout of White Blood Cells indicate?

A

disease or infection in the body

85
Q

CL What are the 2 types of White Blood Cells?

A

Granulocytes and Agranulocytes

86
Q

CL What are the smallest elements formed in the body called?

A

Platelets

87
Q

Cl What is the largest Lymphatic organ?

A

The Spleen

88
Q

CL What carries fluid away from tissues?

A

Lymph

89
Q

CL What is pulmonary circulation?

A

criculation between heart and lungs.

90
Q

J.S

Effects of aging on the lymphatic system:

A

Stem cells and marrow reserves decrease
Decreased number of platelets
Fat bone marrow replaces blood-forming marrow
Vitamin B12 and vitamin K absorption may be impaired
Hemoglobin levels decrease

91
Q

J.S Laboratory values for male:

A

Hgb 14-18g/dL
RBCs 4.6-6.2 million/mm3
WBCs 5,000-9,000 million/mm3 (all adults)

92
Q

J.S
Laboratory values for female:

A

Hgb 12-16 g/dL
RBCs 4.2-5.4 million/mm3
WBCs 5,000-9,000 million/mm3 (all adults)

93
Q

J.S Laboratory values for newborn:

A

Hgb 16.5-19.5 g/dL
RBCs children vary by age
WBCs children vary by age

94
Q

JR What has a short lifespan of 10 hours and needs to be replaced frequently?

A

Neutrophils

95
Q

JR what are characterized by speckled or grainy cytoplasm and survive only about 12 hr to 3 days?

A

Eosinophils

96
Q

JR A scab is the evidence of a _______ clot?

A

Fibrin

97
Q

JR_________ are inherited antigens?

A

Rh factors

98
Q

JR Hemorrhage from a _________ comes in spurts, a hemorrhage from a _______ has a steady flow.

A

artery, vein

99
Q

JR Lymphoid tissue may be organized into lymph nodes or may be loosely organized tissue known as __________?

A

(MALT) Muscosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue

100
Q

JR Functions of the lymphatic system?

A

Transportation, Absorption, Protection and Manufacture

101
Q

JR A form or erythropoietin derived from DNA technology, may be used to treat the type of anemia caused by insufficient or inaffective RBC’s is called ___________?

A

(RHE) Recombinant Human Erythropoietin

102
Q

JR __________ is a compound related to hemoglobin that stores oxygen in muscle cells.

A

Myoglobin

103
Q

JR Which type of white blood cell is primarily responsible for allergic reactions?

A

Eosinophils

104
Q

JR What is the primary lymphoid organ where lymphocytes are produced?

A

Thymus

105
Q

JR Which lymphocyte is responsible for producing antibodies?

A

B cell

106
Q

JR Which of the following is NOT a function of the spleen?
A. Filtering Blood
B. Storing RBC’s
C. Producing WBC’s
D. Destroying old RBC’s

A

C. Producing WBC’s

107
Q

JR Where does hematopoiesis take place?

A

Bone marrow

108
Q

JR Which of these cells is concerned with clotting?
A. Lymphocyte
B. Thrombocyte
C. Leucocyte
D. Hepatocyte

A

B. Thrombocyte

109
Q

JR What is the process by which red blood cells are produced?

A

Ertythropoiesis

110
Q

JR All of the following are functions of the lymph tissues EXCEPT?
A. Developing antigens
B. Immune response
C. Defending against infection
D. Transportation of fatty acids and fats

A

A. Developing antigens

111
Q

JR All of the following are important functions of albumin EXCEPT?
A. Maintains osmotic pressure within blood vessels
B. Maintains blood pressure
C. Provides thickness to the circulating blood volume
D. Blood clotting

A

D. Blood clotting

112
Q

JR T/F Prothrombin, a plasma protein, promotes clotting of blood?

A

True

113
Q

JR An agent that prevents or delays blood coagulation is ?

A

Anticoagulant

114
Q

JR What consists of the basophils, neutrophils, and eosinophils?
A. Globulin
B. Fibrins
C. Erythrocytes
D. Granulocytes

A

D. Granulocytes

115
Q

JR Vitamin ____ is necessary for the formation of prothrombin and other clotting factors?

A

K

116
Q

JR What lymphatic organ contains white pulp and red pulp?

A

Spleen

117
Q

JR Erythropoietin is produced by the ________?

A

Kidneys

118
Q

MM- What is considered the universal donor for blood?

A

O

119
Q

MM- Which plasma proteins are responsible for blood clotting?

A

Fibrinogen and Prothrombin

120
Q

MM- The average lifespan of a circulating RBC is _____?

A

120 days

121
Q

MM- Blood is also known as what kind of tissue?

A

Connective

122
Q

MM- What percentage of plasma is water?

A

90%

123
Q

MM- What blood type is the universal recipient?

A

AB

124
Q

MM- The thymus gland is located in which body region?

A

Behind the sternum

125
Q

MM- What type of cells produce antibodies?

A

B cells

126
Q

MM- Where are T cells produced?

A

Thymus

127
Q

MM- Antibodies are responsible for…?

A

Making antigens for destruction

128
Q

MM- Thrombocytes are also known as?

A

Platelets

129
Q

MM- T/F: Women have higher RBC levels than men

A

False

130
Q

MM- Production of blood cells is termed…?

A

Hematopoiesis

131
Q

MM- Which granulocyte is responsible for histamine during an allergic reaction?

A

Basophils

132
Q

MM- What is the smallest formed element of the blood?

A

Platelets

133
Q

MM- What organ is responsible for the destruction of old RBCs?

A

Spleen

134
Q

MM- What is coagulation

A

Blood Clotting

135
Q

MM- What are macrophages

A

Cells that performs phagocytosis

136
Q

T.O. What group is Albumin, Fibrinogen, Prothrombin, and Globulin in?

A

Plasma Proteins

137
Q

T.O. How long is the lifespan of an individual RBC?

A

120 Days

138
Q

T.O. What is hematocrit?

A

The volume percentage of packed red blood cells in whole blood

139
Q

T.O. What are the two types of WBCs?

A

Granular and Agranular

140
Q

T.O. What are the first cells to arrive at the site of an injury?

A

Neutrophils

141
Q

T.O. What is the difference between a thrombus and an embolus?

A

A thrombus is a stationary clot, embolus is a clot that circulates

142
Q

T.O. What is lymph?

A

The thin, watery, colorless liquid

143
Q

T.O. What are lymph nodes?

A

Small bundles of special lymphoid tissue

144
Q

T.O. What is the largest lymphatic organ?

A

Spleen

145
Q

T.O. What does the circle of Willis provide?

A

An uninterrupted blood supply to the brain

146
Q

J.O. What is the “adaptation of the circulation” that protects the brain?

A

Blood-brain barrier (BBB)

147
Q

J.O. This tissue forms a protective barrier for substances entering the oral and respiratory passages.

A

Tonsils

148
Q

J.O. What are some functions of the spleen?

A

-Has a role in blood cell formation

-In an adult, the spleen destroys old RBCs and forms bilirubin from hemoglobin

-Acts as a reservoir for blood, can be released to the body quickly in an emergency

-Filters and destroys pathogens and other foreign materials from the blood

149
Q

J.O. The internal carotid anastomoses (connects) with the __________, thus providing oxygenated blood to the brain

A

Circle of Willis

150
Q

J.O. Why is the circle of Willis important?

A

It allows blood to continue to flow in the brain if one of the arteries supplying the brain is blocked

151
Q

J.O. Which circuit carries blood to the lungs to be oxygenated?

A

The pulmonary circuit

152
Q

J.O. List the correct sequence of production and circulation of blood through the body

A
  1. The red bone marrow manufactures all blood cells
  2. Lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus contribute to additional production and maturation of agranular white blood cells
  3. Blood is carried through a closed system of vessels pumped by the heart
  4. Blood carries out the transportation of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, heat, waste products, and hormones
  5. Blood in the general (systemic) circulation returns to the right atrium of the heart
153
Q

J.O. True or false. The systemic circuit carries blood to all other parts of the body.

A

True

154
Q

J.O. The formation of blood cells originating in ____ cells in red bone marrow is called hematopoiesis or hemopoeisis

A

Stem

155
Q

J.O. What is the primary objective of blood?

A

The primary objective of blood is to maintain a constant environment for the rest of the body’s tissues. It maintains homeostasis via its viscosity, and its ability to move to all body parts

156
Q

Heme is commonly used?

A

To donate blood

157
Q

Stasi means?

A

Stopping

158
Q

The primary lymphatic system consist of?

A

They thymus gland and bone marrow

159
Q

Spleen

A

Largest lymphatic organ, located directly below diaphragm above the left kidney behind the stomach

160
Q

Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (MABP)

A

Calculated based on the relationship between the systolic and diastolic BP

161
Q

Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB)

A

“Adaptation of the circulation” that protects the brain

162
Q

Lymph tissues do what?

A

Flicker blood, destroy pathogens, and develop antibodies against antigens.

163
Q

Blood is composed of plasma and formed elements including?

A

RBC’s, WBC’s, and platelets

164
Q

What is the thymus?

A

A ductless gland in the upper chest, under the sternum.

165
Q

S.R. Normal laboratory value for Hgb (male)

A

14-18g/dL

166
Q

S.R. Normal laboratory value for Hgb (female)

A

12-16g/dL

167
Q

S.R. Normal RBC laboratory value (male)

A

4.6-6.2 million/mm3

168
Q

S.R. Normal RBC laboratory value (female)

A

4.2-5.4 million/mm3

169
Q

S.R. Normal WBC laboratory value (all adults)

A

5,000-9,000 million/mm3

170
Q

S.R. Normal Lymphocytes laboratory value

A

25-33

171
Q

S.R. Normal Monocytes laboratory value

A

3-7

172
Q

S.R. Normal Eosinophils laboratory value

A

1-3

173
Q

S.R. Normal Basophils laboratory value

A

0-1

174
Q

S.R. Normal platelet count laboratory value

A

150,000-400,000/mm3

175
Q

AU: fill in the blank. granular leukocytes also known as _____, because their ____ have so many lobes.

A

polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), nuclei

PNE- 155 (9 decks)

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