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PNE- 155 > Chapter 26 > Flashcards

Chapter 26 Flashcards

1
Q

JR T/F The GI tract is NOT sterile

A

True

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2
Q

JR The purpose of _________ is to wet food and facilitate swallowing and to help prevent oral infections.

A

Saliva

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3
Q

JR Which teeth crush and grind food?

A

Molars

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4
Q

JR The submandibular salivary glands are located ________ _________ _______

A

under lower jaw

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5
Q

JR What are the functions of the digestive system?

A

processing, absorption, reabsorption, elimination, and manufacture

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6
Q

JR Smoking decreases ________ and _______

A

taste and smell

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7
Q

JR What allows the stomach to distend when food is eaten?

A

Rugae

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8
Q

JR The __________ _________ is located between the stomach and small intestine

A

pyloric sphincter

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9
Q

JR The _________ __________ is located between the esophagus and stomach

A

cardiac sphincter

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10
Q

JR How long does the stomach mix food?

A

3-5 hours

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11
Q

JR T/F Most nutrient absorption occurs in the colon

A

False

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12
Q

JR Which hormone activates the gallbladder?

A

Cholecystokinin

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13
Q

JR The following are major functions of which organ?
secretion of bile, stores fat soluble vitamins, formation of vitamin A, absorption of bilirubin, detox blood and synthesis of clotting factors

A

Liver

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14
Q

JR What is the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones releasing energy.

A

Catabolism

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15
Q

JR What is the synthesis of simpler substances into new organized substances

A

Anabolism

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16
Q

JR What is the body’s largest glandular organ?

A

Liver

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17
Q

JR T/F The appendix plays a role in our body’s immunity

A

False

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18
Q

JR What is the medical term for trouble swallowing?

A

Dysphagia

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19
Q

JR What is the medical term for swallowing?

A

Deglutition

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20
Q

JR What is the definition of emesis?

A

Vomit

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21
Q

JR Which body system converts food into fuel for the body’s energy demand?

A

Digestive System

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22
Q

JR What is the term used for mechanically breaking down food.

A

Mastication

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23
Q

JR What terms are used for wastes that are eliminated?

A

Defecation; egestion

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24
Q

JR Food is digested in which parts of the digestive system?

A

stomach; intestines

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25
Q

JR What term is used for food elements that are transported via circulation and into body cells.

A

Absorption

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26
Q

JR What is the medical specialty for the digestive system called?

A

Gastroenterology

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27
Q

JR The GI tract is approximately ___ to ____ ft long.

A

28;30

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28
Q

JR Which body systems control the GI system?

A

Nervous; Endocrine

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29
Q

JR Digestion begins in which cavity?

A

Oral; Buccal cavity

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30
Q

JR What is the section of the oral cavity that seperates the mouth from the nasopharynx

A

Soft palate

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31
Q

JR These glands release saliva

A

Exocrine

32
Q

JR This type of salivary gland is located under the tongue?

A

Sublinguals

33
Q

JR This type of salivary gland is located in the cheek?

A

Parotids

34
Q

JR The pH of saliva is normally about ____

A

6.8 (Weak acid)

35
Q

JR A tooth is nourished through the _____ it is anchored in

A

bone

36
Q

JR What is the only muscle attached to the body at one end?

A

Tongue

37
Q

JR Which 4 bones is the tongue attached to?

A

Mandible, 2 temporal bones, hyoid

38
Q

JR The _______ attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth

A

frenulum

39
Q

JR Which type of muscles construct the tongue?

A

tough skeletal muscle, covered with smooth muscle membrane

40
Q

JR What is a C-shaped muscular, collapsable pouch or sac capable of being distended?

A

Stomach

41
Q

JR Stomach volume can expand to more than ____ cups of food

A

8

42
Q

JR What is the term for folds within the stomach that are present when the stomach is empty and allow for exspansion

A

Rugae

43
Q

JR Another term for the semi-liquid, milky form of food in the stomach

A

Chyme

44
Q

JR This part of the small intestine lies in circular folds

A

plicae circularis

45
Q

JR What is the term for pancreatic juice containing bicarbonate ions combined with sodium ions to form sodium bicarbonate

A

Secretin

46
Q

JR What is manufactured by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, enters via bile duct and emulsifies fat

A

Bile

47
Q

JR Which valve is located between the ileum and cecum; prevents backflow into small intestine and regulates flow into cecum

A

Ileocecal valve

48
Q

JR The main function of this part of the GI tract is to reabsorb H2O

A

Large intestine

49
Q

JR What is a small finger-like projection with no known function

A

Vermiform appendix

50
Q

JR What is the largest lymphoid organ that produces antibodies and filters out RBC’s

A

Spleen

51
Q

JR This accessory organ has both endocrine and exocrine functions

A

Pancreas

52
Q

JR What is the term used for a large sheet of serous membrane that covers and protects many abdominal organs

A

Peritoneum

53
Q

JR What is the term for the area behind the peritoneum where the kidney’s are located?

A

Retroperitoneal

54
Q

JR _______ lubricates food and protects the GI tract’s lining from mechanical or chemical injury

A

Mucus

55
Q

JR Another name for the physical breakdown of food

A

Mechanical digestion

56
Q

JR Term for colloid particles that transport digested fats and are absorbed into lacteals

A

Micelles

57
Q

g.e.r
primary functions of the digestive system.

A

digestion, absorption. elimination

58
Q

g.e.r
name done of the accessory organs of the digestive system.

A

liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and peritoneum

59
Q

g.er.
what changes in older adults can place them at risk for

A

fluid and electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, constipation, malnutrition, and inappropriate weight.

60
Q

g.e.r
the large intestine mainly absorbs?

A

water, produces vitamin K, and some B-complex vitamins, and prepares for elimination

61
Q

g.e.r
what is catabolism(destructive metabolism)?

A

breaking down foods into useable substances (generates heat, carbon dioxide, water, ATP)

62
Q

g.e.r
what is anabolism (constructive metabolism)?

A

using products of catabolism to build and repair body cells and maintain life

63
Q

g.e.r
name some effects if aging on digestive system.

A

Saliva production decreases, bony structures decrease around the mouth, food stays in stomach longer

64
Q

g.e.r
how long does food mixing in the stomach occur?

A

3-5hrs

65
Q

g.e.r
what is the exocrine function in the pancreas.

A

is to produce pancreatic juice

66
Q

g.e.r
what is the endocrine gland function in the pancreatic?

A

secretes the hormones insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin into the bloodstream to help regulate blood sugar levels

67
Q

What are the three areas of the stomach?
Aw

A

Fundus
Body
Pylorus

68
Q

Where does most of the stomach digestion occur?
AW

A

Body

69
Q

How many teeth are in a permanent set?
Aw

A

32

70
Q

What are the wavelike movement called pertaining to the contraction through the alimentary canal?
Aw

A

Peristalsis

71
Q

Where is most fat digested?
-AW

A

Duodenum

72
Q

Where is the appendix located ?
AW

A

RLQ

73
Q

Where does most of the digestive process occur?
AW

A

Small intestine

74
Q

What are the three areas of the large intestine?
AW

A

Colon
Cecum
Rectum

75
Q

What are the three parts of the tooth ?
Aw

A

Crown
Neck
Root

76
Q

What does protease breakdown?
Aw

A

Protein

77
Q

What does Trypsin breakdown?
Aw

A

Protein

PNE- 155 (9 decks)

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