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PNE- 155 > Chapter 26 > Flashcards

Chapter 26 Flashcards

1
Q

JR T/F The GI tract is NOT sterile

A

True

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2
Q

JR The purpose of _________ is to wet food and facilitate swallowing and to help prevent oral infections.

A

Saliva

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3
Q

JR Which teeth crush and grind food?

A

Molars

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4
Q

JR The submandibular salivary glands are located ________ _________ _______

A

under lower jaw

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5
Q

JR What are the functions of the digestive system?

A

processing, absorption, reabsorption, elimination, and manufacture

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6
Q

JR Smoking decreases ________ and _______

A

taste and smell

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7
Q

JR What allows the stomach to distend when food is eaten?

A

Rugae

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8
Q

JR The __________ _________ is located between the stomach and small intestine

A

pyloric sphincter

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9
Q

JR The _________ __________ is located between the esophagus and stomach

A

cardiac sphincter

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10
Q

JR How long does the stomach mix food?

A

3-5 hours

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11
Q

JR T/F Most nutrient absorption occurs in the colon

A

False

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12
Q

JR Which hormone activates the gallbladder?

A

Cholecystokinin

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13
Q

JR The following are major functions of which organ?
secretion of bile, stores fat soluble vitamins, formation of vitamin A, absorption of bilirubin, detox blood and synthesis of clotting factors

A

Liver

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14
Q

JR What is the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones releasing energy.

A

Catabolism

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15
Q

JR What is the synthesis of simpler substances into new organized substances

A

Anabolism

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16
Q

JR What is the body’s largest glandular organ?

A

Liver

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17
Q

JR T/F The appendix plays a role in our body’s immunity

A

False

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18
Q

JR What is the medical term for trouble swallowing?

A

Dysphagia

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19
Q

JR What is the medical term for swallowing?

A

Deglutition

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20
Q

JR What is the definition of emesis?

A

Vomit

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21
Q

JR Which body system converts food into fuel for the body’s energy demand?

A

Digestive System

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22
Q

JR What is the term used for mechanically breaking down food.

A

Mastication

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23
Q

JR What terms are used for wastes that are eliminated?

A

Defecation; egestion

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24
Q

JR Food is digested in which parts of the digestive system?

A

stomach; intestines

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25
JR What term is used for food elements that are transported via circulation and into body cells.
Absorption
26
JR What is the medical specialty for the digestive system called?
Gastroenterology
27
JR The GI tract is approximately ___ to ____ ft long.
28;30
28
JR Which body systems control the GI system?
Nervous; Endocrine
29
JR Digestion begins in which cavity?
Oral; Buccal cavity
30
JR What is the section of the oral cavity that seperates the mouth from the nasopharynx
Soft palate
31
JR These glands release saliva
Exocrine
32
JR This type of salivary gland is located under the tongue?
Sublinguals
33
JR This type of salivary gland is located in the cheek?
Parotids
34
JR The pH of saliva is normally about ____
6.8 (Weak acid)
35
JR A tooth is nourished through the _____ it is anchored in
bone
36
JR What is the only muscle attached to the body at one end?
Tongue
37
JR Which 4 bones is the tongue attached to?
Mandible, 2 temporal bones, hyoid
38
JR The _______ attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth
frenulum
39
JR Which type of muscles construct the tongue?
tough skeletal muscle, covered with smooth muscle membrane
40
JR What is a C-shaped muscular, collapsable pouch or sac capable of being distended?
Stomach
41
JR Stomach volume can expand to more than ____ cups of food
8
42
JR What is the term for folds within the stomach that are present when the stomach is empty and allow for exspansion
Rugae
43
JR Another term for the semi-liquid, milky form of food in the stomach
Chyme
44
JR This part of the small intestine lies in circular folds
plicae circularis
45
JR What is the term for pancreatic juice containing bicarbonate ions combined with sodium ions to form sodium bicarbonate
Secretin
46
JR What is manufactured by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, enters via bile duct and emulsifies fat
Bile
47
JR Which valve is located between the ileum and cecum; prevents backflow into small intestine and regulates flow into cecum
Ileocecal valve
48
JR The main function of this part of the GI tract is to reabsorb H2O
Large intestine
49
JR What is a small finger-like projection with no known function
Vermiform appendix
50
JR What is the largest lymphoid organ that produces antibodies and filters out RBC's
Spleen
51
JR This accessory organ has both endocrine and exocrine functions
Pancreas
52
JR What is the term used for a large sheet of serous membrane that covers and protects many abdominal organs
Peritoneum
53
JR What is the term for the area behind the peritoneum where the kidney's are located?
Retroperitoneal
54
JR _______ lubricates food and protects the GI tract's lining from mechanical or chemical injury
Mucus
55
JR Another name for the physical breakdown of food
Mechanical digestion
56
JR Term for colloid particles that transport digested fats and are absorbed into lacteals
Micelles
57
g.e.r primary functions of the digestive system.
digestion, absorption. elimination
58
g.e.r name done of the accessory organs of the digestive system.
liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and peritoneum
59
g.er. what changes in older adults can place them at risk for
fluid and electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, constipation, malnutrition, and inappropriate weight.
60
g.e.r the large intestine mainly absorbs?
water, produces vitamin K, and some B-complex vitamins, and prepares for elimination
61
g.e.r what is catabolism(destructive metabolism)?
breaking down foods into useable substances (generates heat, carbon dioxide, water, ATP)
62
g.e.r what is anabolism (constructive metabolism)?
using products of catabolism to build and repair body cells and maintain life
63
g.e.r name some effects if aging on digestive system.
Saliva production decreases, bony structures decrease around the mouth, food stays in stomach longer
64
g.e.r how long does food mixing in the stomach occur?
3-5hrs
65
g.e.r what is the exocrine function in the pancreas.
is to produce pancreatic juice
66
g.e.r what is the endocrine gland function in the pancreatic?
secretes the hormones insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin into the bloodstream to help regulate blood sugar levels
67
What are the three areas of the stomach? Aw
Fundus Body Pylorus
68
Where does most of the stomach digestion occur? AW
Body
69
How many teeth are in a permanent set? Aw
32
70
What are the wavelike movement called pertaining to the contraction through the alimentary canal? Aw
Peristalsis
71
Where is most fat digested? -AW
Duodenum
72
Where is the appendix located ? AW
RLQ
73
Where does most of the digestive process occur? AW
Small intestine
74
What are the three areas of the large intestine? AW
Colon Cecum Rectum
75
What are the three parts of the tooth ? Aw
Crown Neck Root
76
What does protease breakdown? Aw
Protein
77
What does Trypsin breakdown? Aw
Protein

PNE- 155 (9 decks)

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