PMP Study Deck - Quality Flashcards
Quality vs Grade
Quality refers to stability or predictability of the product while grade refers to the characteristics of the product.
Manage Quality vs Control Quality
Manage Quality executes the quality plan into executable activies. Constrol Quality verifies quality of deliverables and project work.
Design for “X”
is a set of technical guidelines that may be used while designing a product in order to ensure the maximum functionality of the product.
Ishikawa diagrams
Diagram showing all of the categories of causes that lead to a particular effect. Also known as fishbone diagram, cause and effect diagram, or why why diagram.
Histogram
A histogram is a bar chart that indicates the frequency at which a characteristic occurs.
Pareto Diagram
is a cumulative histogram that can be used to determine the most common issues/defects ordered by the frequency of the their occurrence.; typically reflect the 80/20 rule, which state, as a general rule, that 80% of the problems arise from 20% of the issue/defects.
Quality Audit
Is a documented assessment that will reveal a level of conformance or non-conformance to requirements of a system, process or product.
Control Charts
Depicts the process output over time; technical, schedule or cost performance.
“Run of 7”
A run of 7 or more in a control chart above mean or below mean, or continually increasing or decreasing, may indicate that the process maybe out of control
Scatter Diagrams
Shows a pattern betwenn two variables associated with a process.
Check Sheets
Tool used to capture and categorize quantitative or qualitative data.
Checklists
Tools used to ensure that all process steps have been completed as planned.
Retrospectives
Is an agile project management method, most often associated with the scrum methodology (‘sprint retrospective’). It describes the regular meeting of the project team looking back at their achievements and reflects on how to improve future projects
UCL/LCL
Upper and Lower Control Limits; Represent the comtrol points points of the process; process is under control if the data falls between the lower and upper contrl limits.
Typically UCL and LCL aare set at +/- 3 sigma.
USL/LSL
Upper and Lower Tolerances Limits; customer established and can bein inside or outside the contol limits
RCA
Root Cause Analysis - technique used to identify where a problem, issue, or error originates.
Verified Deliverables
Project deliverables that have been confirmed for accuracy and correctness using the control quality process.
Quality
The degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fullfill requirements.
TQM
Total Quality Management - is the quality management philosophy conceiver by Dr. Deming that approaches quality management proactively and applies statistical analysis as the basis for documenting improvement.
Continous process improvement is key to TQM.
Zero Defects
Created by Philip Crosby. The goal is to meet quality requirements the first time and every time. It emphasizes prevention over inspection.
Fitness for use
Created by Joseph Juran. Primary goal of determining and satisfying the real needs of the customer and stakeholders.