PMP LE3 (2024) Flashcards by

Identify the concept: Body is separate from the mind (theology, morality, etc)
A. 17th - 18th century
B. 19th century
C. 20th century
D. 21st Century

A. 17th - 18th century

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Identify the concept: Development of biomedical science
A. 17th - 18th century
B. 19th century
C. 20th century
D. 21st Century

B. 19th century

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Identify the concept: Molecular biology started during this period
A. 17th - 18th century
B. 19th century
C. 20th century
D. 21st Century

C. 20th century

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

For every sickness there is usually an inflamed organ, an obstruction or pathogen
A. 17th - 18th century
B. 19th century
C. 20th century
D. 21st Century

A. 17th - 18th century

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

5 .Progress in biochemistry, endocrinology and neurology
A. 17th - 18th century
B. 19th century
C. 20th century
D. 21st Century

C. 20th century

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Identify the associated concept: “Triggered by pathogen”
A. Disease
B. Illness
C. Both
D. None of the above

A. Disease

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Identify the associated concept: “Seen as symptoms”
A. Disease
B. Illness
C. Both
D. None of the above

A. Disease

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Identify the associated concept: “Objective findings”
A. Disease
B. Illness
C. Both
D. None of the above

A. Disease

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Identify the associated concept: “Subjective findings”
A. Disease
B. Illness
C. Both
D. None of the above

B. Illness

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Identify the associated concept: “Feeling of malaise or pain”
A. Disease
B. Illness
C. Both
D. None of the above

B. Illness

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In the 11th century, Avicenna wrote this book on medicaments that continued to serve for 500 years
A. “Canon on Medicine”
B. Treatise on Poisons
C. “De Materia Medica”
D. Pen T’sao

A. “Canon on Medicine”

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This is the long reputed very ancient great Chinese herbal that included over a hundred medicinal vegetables and other remedies
A. “Canon on Medicine”
B. Treatise on Poisons
C. “De Materia Medica”
D. Pen T’sao

D. Pen T’sao

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

An Arabic alchemist who whose works include a systematic treatise on poisons
A. Ibn Sina
B. Jabir ibn Hayyan
C. Avicenna
D. Dioscorides

B. Jabir ibn Hayyan

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hippocratic medicine is said to be the foundation of scientific medicine. Diagnosis was done mainly through inspection of:
A. Blood
B. Urine
C. Stool
D. Phlegm

C. Stool

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Among the first to distinguish the functions of arteries and veins and believed that arteries contained air or “pneuma” instead of blood
A. Praxagoras
B. Galen
C. Herophilus
D. Hippocrates

A. Praxagoras

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following is NOT a derivative of Opium (from the poppy seed?
A. Morphine
B. Codeine
C. Aspirin
D. Heroin

C. Aspirin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Recognized the importance of physiology and chemistry as basic knowledge in modern medicine:
A. William Perkin
B. William Osler
C. Claude Bernard
D. Roy Porter

B. William Osler

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

He attempted to manufacture quinine but instead discovered the world’s first synthetic dye in the 1800s
A. William Perkin
B. William Osler
C. Claude Bernard
D. Roy Porter

A. William Perkin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Discovered Arsphenamine as a drug for syphilis:
A. Lemuel Shattuck
B. Roberto Koch
C. Paul Ehrlich
D. Edward Jenner

C. Paul Ehrlich

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

20.This drug was discovered in 1910 and was regarded as the first chemotherapeutic synthetic drug described to be as a “magic bullet”
A. Codeine
B. Arsphenamine
C. Opium
D. Aspirin

B. Arsphenamine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

21.This drug was popularly used as a sedative in the 1950s but was discovered to cause congenital malformations including phocomelia
A. Doxorubicin
B. Arsphenamine
C. Thalidomide
D. Aminopterin

C. Thalidomide

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What was used to treat high blood pressure in ancient Indian medicine?
A. Snakeroot
B. Foxglove
C. Poppy seed
D. Cinchona

A. Snakeroot

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Who was the 16th century radical Renaissance physician who questioned the traditional practice of medicine and introduced chemical remedies produced through experiments?
A. Celsus
B. Pierre Louis
C. Avicenna
D. Paracelsus

D. Paracelsus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

24.Who did the first clinical trial (on Scurvy treatment)?
A. Pierre Louis
B. Alexander Fleming
C. James Lind
D. William Osler

C. James Lind

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

25.The discovery of which of the following advanced the field of surgery: A. Antibiotics B. Quinine C. Ether D. Curare

C. Ether

26. The practice ancient to Hindu medicine that used mainly plant sources: A. Homeopathic medicine B. Ayurvedic medicine C. Alternative medicine D. Brahman medicine

B. Ayurvedic medicine

27.Which statement is True about the drugs used in the 20th Century? A. Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Graham B. Anti-malarial vaccine was readily available that time C. Salvarsan is an arsenic-based compound D. The first effective treatment for syphilis is aspirin

A. Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Graham

28. Known for many centuries as a brilliant diagnostician and an influential medical writer: A. Dioscorides B. Pen T'sao C. Paracelsus D. Galen

D. Galen

29. He is the one who deduced that a specific disease is caused by a particular microbe. A. John Snow B. Lemuel Shattuck C. Alexander Fleming D. Robert Koch

D. Robert Koch

30. One of the highlights during the 18th Century was the discovery and understanding of the principles of Vaccination by: A. Alexander Fleming B. Edward Jenner C. John Snow D. Richard Norton

B. Edward Jenner

31. The first randomized controlled clinical trial (London, 1946) was: A. Streptomycin for the treatment of TB B. Penicillin for the treatment of Streptococcal pharyngitis C. Vincristine for cancer treatment D. Aspirin for myocardial infarction treatment

A. Streptomycin for the treatment of TB

32. Which of the following chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of cancer was originally derived from traditional medicine? A. Vincristine B. Cytarabine C. Doxorubicin D. Teniposide E. Cromoglycate

A. Vincristine

33. Which drug was originally derived from traditional Chinese Medicine that is now widely used as an anti-malarial drug A. Chloroquine B. Primaquine C. Artemisinin D. Proguanil

C. Artemisinin

34. Which of the following is a common underlying reason for the use of Traditional Medicine (TM) in most countries? A. TM has been proven safe and effective throughout all the decades that they are being used B. TM is one of the primary sources of health care C. TM provides curative treatment for chronic medical conditions D. TM is well-regulated in most countries

C. TM provides curative treatment for chronic medical conditions

35. Traditional and Complementary Medicine recognized the need to focus on this when cure is not possible A. Quality of care B. Quality of life C. Equality D. Safety and comfort

B. Quality of life

36. The first country in the western world to integrate T&CM into its health system A. Sweden B. USA C. Canada D. UK E. Switzerland

E. Switzerland

37. The following countries have licensing bodies for acupuncture and other T&CM practices EXCEPT A. Thailand B. Singapore C. Philippines D. China E. Switzerland

C. Philippines

38. The top difficulty faced by WHO member states regarding regulatory issues related to the practices of T&CM A. Lack of mechanisms to control and regulate T&CM advertising and claims B. Lack of appropriate mechanisms to monitor and regulate T&CM providers C. Lack of financial support for research on T&CM D. Lack of education and training for T&CM practitioners E. Lack of research data

E. Lack of research data

39. Among the different types of support for T&CM, which of the following are member states most interested in receiving from WHO? A. National capacity building seminar/workshop on safety monitoring of herbal medicines B. Provision of research databases C. Arrangement of global meetings D. National capacity building seminar/workshop on regulations of T&CM practice E. Provision of cooperation channels between national health authorities

D. National capacity building seminar/workshop on regulations of T&CM practice

40.One of the goals of the WHO strategy are to support WHO member states in: A. Focusing on generating research and development in the existing T&CM products and practices B. Promoting safe and effective use of T&CM through the regulation, evaluation and integration of T&CM into health systems C. Increase the accessibility of T&CM products, practices, and practitioners D. Regulate the prices of T&CM products to avoid counterfeit products

B. Promoting safe and effective use of T&CM through the regulation, evaluation and integration of T&CM into health systems

41. Aside from keeping data current, WHO strategy to achieve its strategic objectives: A. Promote research and development of herbal medicines B. Monitor key performance indicators C. Creating regulatory agencies to monitor education and training of T&CM practitioners D. Intensify efforts to educate and standardize policies related to the use of T&CM in member states

B. Monitor key performance indicators

42. Promoting equitable access to health and integration of Traditional and Complementary A. Medicine into the national health system would have to include B. Training of traditional healers into western medicine C. Health care practitioners collaborating with T&CM practitioners D. Reimbursement and potential referral and collaborative pathways in the national health system E. Distribution of traditional herbal medicines in far flung villages

D. Reimbursement and potential referral and collaborative pathways in the national health system

43. Advantages of TM/CAM include all of the following EXCEPT one: A. Availability and affordability in many parts of the world B. Uniqueness and unconventional nature of certain therapies or procedures C. Widespread acceptance in low- and middle-income countries D. Diversity and flexibility

B. Uniqueness and unconventional nature of certain therapies or procedures

44. Which group of patient/s should consult a healthcare provider or authorized TM/CAM practitioner before using any TM/CAM therapy? A. Pregnant/Lactating B. Children C. Elderly D. All of the above

D. All of the above

45. Which is TRUE in describing TM/CAM therapies? A. TM/CAM therapies have no potential contribution to better health care system B. TM/CAM therapies have more adverse events compared to conventional medicines (pharmacotherapy) C. Patients turn to TM/CAM for complementary care due to increasing cases of chronic and debilitating diseases for which there is no cure D. TM/CAM therapies are not supported by empirical evidence on safety and effectiveness

C. Patients turn to TM/CAM for complementary care due to increasing cases of chronic and debilitating diseases for which there is no cure

46. This is a CAM-based therapy that involves pricking the skin or tissues with needles to alleviate pain or treat various physical, mental and emotional conditions A. Chiropractic medicine B. Acupuncture C. Naprapathy D. Osteopathy

B. Acupuncture

47. Area of medicine focused on the diagnosis and treatment of neuromuscular disorders with emphasis on manual adjustment and manipulation of the spine A. Ayurvedic medicine B. Chiropractic medicine C. Homeopathic medicine D. Allopathic medicine

B. Chiropractic medicine

48. This includes diverse health practices, approaches, knowledge and beliefs incorporating plant, animal and/or mineral-based medicines, spiritual therapies, manual techniques and exercises to maintain well-being, as well as to treat, diagnose or prevent illness A. Holistic medicine B. Traditional medicine (TM) C. Conventional medicine D. Complementary and Alternative medicine (CAM)

B. Traditional medicine (TM)

49. In the preparation of TM/CAM therapies for own consumption, knowing these is important EXCEPT: A. How long to boil the materials B. Knowing which order to put in the ingredients C. The way to get the extract whether to slice, mince or pound the part of the plant D. How much material to use in proportion to the amount of water

B. Knowing which order to put in the ingredients

50. This health system is based entirely on conventional medicine and TM/CAM practices are not officially recognized as therapeutic methods A. Inclusive B. Comprehensive C. Integrative D. Tolerant

A. Inclusive

51. Which of the following is NOT TRUE in posology of TM/CAM medical therapies? A. Know how the medicine was prepared (infusion, decoction) B. Know the length of time to take the medicine C. Know the correct time to take the medicine (morning, mid-day, evening) D. Know the how to take the medicine (hot/cold drink, with or without food)

A. Know how the medicine was prepared (infusion, decoction)

52. In this type of utilization, TM/CAM are used in a complementary or alternative role with conventional medicine A. Selective utilization B. Dual utilization pattern C. Primary source D. None of the above

B. Dual utilization pattern

53. The basis for the finished herbal products which include comminuted or powdered materials, extracts, tinctures and fatty oils A. Herbal materials B. Herbal preparations C. Herbs D. All of the above

D. All of the above

54. The country where T&CM medications may be covered by insurance A. Philippines B. Malaysia C. Thailand D. Singapore E. China

E. China

55. One of the strategic directions of T&CM integration is to ensure consumers of T&CM can make informed choices about self-care. Which of the following principles promote people-centered care? A. Expertise of the physician guiding choice of treatment B. Shared decision making C. Patient autonomy D. Patient education about risks of use of T&CM

B. Shared decision making

56. This forms the basis for homeopathic medicine which involves steeping a medicinal plant in alcohol extracts the alcohol-soluble principles into a liquid form that can be stored for long periods A. Herbal teas B. Herbal poultices C. Herbal oils D. Herbal tinctures

D. Herbal tinctures

57. The herbal remedy that has the shortest lifespan and should be prepared fresh before using externally A. Herbal teas B. Herbal poultices C. Herbal oils D. Herbal tinctures

B. Herbal poultices

58. We can promote equitable access to health and integration of T&CM into the national health system by A. Revising national policies B. Universal health coverage C. Collaborative pathways between T&CM and conventional medicine D. Law and regulation

C. Collaborative pathways between T&CM and conventional medicine

59. The "5-leaved chaste tree" used in Philippine herbal medicine to treat cough, colds and fever. A. Oregano B. Yerba Buena C. Lagundi D. Bayabas

C. Lagundi

60. The law that gave importance to traditional medicine program A. Republic Act 8425 B. Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act 1992 C. Republic Act 8423 D. None of the above

C. Republic Act 8423

61. Herbal medicine taken as tea to treat skin allergies and itchiness wounds in child birth A. Akapulko B. Tsaang Gubat C. Yerba Buena D. Ulasimang Bato

A. Akapulko

62. In Singapore and Thailand, what are improvements in T&CM policies have they implemented for regulation? A. Certification and accreditation of T&CM practitioners B. Strict approval of all herbal medicines being released into the market C. Randomized controlled trials as a prerequisite for approval of herbal medicines D. Development of courses in the university to improve quality of education and training of T&CM practitioners

A. Certification and accreditation of T&CM practitioners

63. The medicinal plant effective in the treatment of diabetes A. Momordica charantia B. Allium sativum C. Vitex negundo D. Psidium guaiava

A. Momordica charantia

64. This plant has antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, as well as antigenotoxic in folkloric medicine A. Acalpulko B. Bayabas C. Niyog niyogan D. Tsaang gubat

B. Bayabas

65. This herbal medicine is used for the treatment of fungal infections A. Akapulko B. Amplaya C. Lagundi D. Niyog-Niyogan

A. Akapulko

66. This herbal medicine is effective in the treatment of rheumatism and gout A. Akapulko B. Amplaya C. Pansit-pansitan D. Niyog-Niyogan

C. Pansit-pansitan

67. This herbal medicine has an anti-helmintic property A. Akapulko B. Lagundi C. Niyog-Niyogan D. Pansit-panistan

C. Niyog-Niyogan

68. This herbal medicine has a role for controlling hypertension, blood cholesterol and blood sugar for diabetics A. Bawang B. Sambong C. Tsaang gubat D. Bayabas

A. Bawang

69. This herbal medicine is being used to treat halitosis A. Sambong B. Tsaang gubat C. Bayabas D. Yerba Buena

D. Yerba Buena

70. This herbal medicine is being used to for the treatment of fever, headache and stomach spasms A. Sambong B. Tsaang gubat C. Bawang D. Yerba Buena

A. Sambong

71. A 60 year old male consulted you because of his diabetes. After prescribing him with medications, he asks you whether its ok to use insulin plant. Which of the following would be a good response to your patient? A. "Since insulin plant is a natural remedy, there is no harm in using it so its okay to use it." B. "Its impossible that it may contain actual insulin. Don't use it at all." C. "Use of insulin plant is highly dangerous. Stop using google to treat your diabetes." D. "There are no studies that support the use of insulin plant for diabetes. But if you want to use herbal medicines, use turmeric powder as tea instead since it has proven benefits for patients with diabetes

D. "There are no studies that support the use of insulin plant for diabetes. But if you want to use herbal medicines, use turmeric powder as tea instead since it has proven benefits for patients with diabetes

72. A 60-year-old male consulted you because of his hypertension. He shows vou a traditional Chinese medicine and asks you if he can use it. The appropriate response would be: A. "This is a dangerous drug which may contain harmful ingredients. Stop using it" B. "I'm not familiar with this medicine but I'll gladly look it up for you to see if its effective and/or safe to use for your overall condition." C. "There is no research evidence to back up the claims of this herbal medication. Better use Western medicine that's been proven safe and effective" D. "If you want to use this medication, look for another doctor."

B. "I'm not familiar with this medicine but I'll gladly look it up for you to see if its effective and/or safe to use for your overall condition."

73. The importance of the traditional medicine program was given importance by signing it into law under which presidency? A. President Ferdinand E. Marcos B. President Corazon C. Aquino C. President Fidel V. Ramos D. President Joseph E. Estrada

C. President Fidel V. Ramos

74. Who was the DOH Secretary who initiated various health programs such as Oplan Alís Disease, Kontra Kolera, Stop TB, Araw ng Sangkap Pinoy, Family Planning and Doctor to the Barrios Program? A. Dr. Antonio Periquet B. Dr. Juan Flavier C. Dr. Jaime Galvez-Tan D. Dr. Manuel Dayrit

B. Dr. Juan Flavier

75. The knowledge, skill, and practices based on the theories, beliefs, and experiences indigenous to different cultures (explicable or not) used in the maintenance of health A. Traditional medicine B. Complementary medicine C. Traditional and Complementary medicine D. Alternative medicine

A. Traditional medicine

76. It is a broad set of health care practices that are not fully integrated into the dominant healthcare system A. Traditional medicine B. Complementary medicine C. Traditional and Complementary medicine D. Alternative medicine

B. Complementary medicine

77. An anti-malarial drug derived from the bark of cinchona tree, which was originally used in South America to treat fevers and shivers A. Artemisin B. Quinine C. Hirudin D. Taxol

B. Quinine

78. This is the first statin approved by the US FDA with a powerful inhibitory effect on HMG-Co reductase and was discovered in the 1970s from fungi (mushroom)  A. Atorvastatin B. Lovastatin C. Gemfibrozil D. Fenofibrate

B. Lovastatin

79. This is a popular anti-cancer drug originally discovered from podphyllotoxin from the mandrake plant A. Taxol B. Etoposide C. Vincristine D. Carboplatin

B. Etoposide

80. This natural system of medicine starts with an internal purification process, followed by a special diet, herbal remedies, massage therapy, yoga, and meditation. A. Homeopathy B. Naturopathy C. Unani medicine D. Traditional Chinese medicine E. Ayurvedic medicine

E. Ayurvedic medicine

81. This is a popular form of traditional medicine in Bangladesh, India, Iran, and Pakistan A. Homeopathy B. Naturopathy C. Unani medicine D. Traditional Chinese medicine E. Ayurvedic medicine

E. Ayurvedic medicine

82. Which of the following is T&CM modalitites most often used? A. Chronic conditions such as musculoskeletal disorders B. Acute conditions such as respiratory tract infections C. Subacute conditions such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis D. Terminal conditions such as cancer

A. Chronic conditions such as musculoskeletal disorders

83. In Singapore and Thailand, what are improvements in T&CM policies have they implemented for regulation? A. Certification and accreditation of T&CM practitioners B. Strict approval of all herbal medicines being released into the market C. Randomized controlled trials as a prerequisite for approval of herbal medicines D. Development of courses in the university to improve quality of education and training of T&CM practitioners

A. Certification and accreditation of T&CM practitioners

84. Which of the following are identified risks associated with T&CM practitioners? A. Misdiagnosis, delayed diagnosis, or failure to use effective conventional treatments B. Falsification of certification or accreditation C. Lack of availability of training and education D. Illegal practice of medicine in the Philippines

A. Misdiagnosis, delayed diagnosis, or failure to use effective conventional treatments

85. We can promote equitable access to health and integration of T&CM into the national health system by A. Revising national policies B. Universal health coverage C. Collaborative pathways between T&CM and conventional medicine D. Law and regulation

C. Collaborative pathways between T&CM and conventional medicine

86. One of the strategic directions of T&CM integration is to ensure consumers of T&CM can make informed choices about self-care. Which of the following principles promote people-centered care? A. Expertise of the physician guiding choice of treatment B. Shared decision making C. Patient autonomy D. Patient education about risks of use of T&CM

B. Shared decision making

87. "First, do no harm" best describes this principle of medical bioethics: A. Principle of respect for autonomy B. Principle of nonmaleficence C. Principle of beneficence D. Principle of justice

B. Principle of nonmaleficence

88. This Bioethical Principle is the basis for the practice of "informed consent" A. Principle of respect for autonomy B. Principle of nonmaleficence C. Principle of beneficence D. Principle of justice

A. Principle of respect for autonomy

89. Vaccines can prevent outbreaks of diseases and save lives. Administering vaccines to patients promotes "herd immunity" which protects most members of the community against a contagious disease because there is little opportunity for an outbreak. Identify the principle that best applies to this phenomenon A. Principle of respect for autonomy B. Principle of nonmaleficence C. Principle of beneficence D. Principle of justice

C. Principle of beneficence

90. This principle of bioethics in health care is defined as a form of fairness A. Principle of respect for autonomy B. Principle of nonmaleficence C. Principle of beneficence D. Principle of justice

D. Principle of justice

91. Which statement is false? A. The principle of nonmaleficence is the most important of all the Principles of Bioethics in medicine B. There is not one principle that is absolute over the other C. Hierarchy among the four principles of Bioethics in medicine does not exist D. None of the above

A. The principle of nonmaleficence is the most important of all the Principles of Bioethics in medicine

92. This involves a treatment that is intended for good but unintentionally causes harm A. Principle of Distributive Justice B. Principle of Double Effect C. Principle of Nonmaleficence D. Principle of Beneficence

B. Principle of Double Effect

93. This principle of bioethics entails "giving to each that which is his due" A. Principle of respect for autonomy B. Principle of nonmaleficence C. Principle of beneficence D. Principle of justice

D. Principle of justice

94. This category of the principle of justice emphasizes respect for morally acceptable laws A. Distributive justice B. Rights based justice C. Legal justice D. None of the above

C. Legal justice

95. This category of the principle of justice emphasizes on giving respect for people's rights A. Distributive justice B. Rights based justice C. Legal justice D. None of the above

B. Rights based justice

96. This category of the principle of justice emphasizes fair allocation of scarce resources A. Distributive justice B. Rights based justice C. Legal justice D. None of the above

A. Distributive justice

97. True of the Respect for Autonomy A. Autonomy means that each person should be given the respect, time, and opportunity necessary to make his or her own decisions B. Rational agents are involved in making informed and voluntary decisions C. Patient has the capacity to act intentionally D. All of the above

D. All of the above

98. This refers to a broad set of health-care practices that are not part of a country's own tradition and not integrated into the dominant health care A. Traditional medicine (TM) B. Conventional medicine C. Complementary and Alternative medicine (CAM) D. Medicine

C. Complementary and Alternative medicine (CAM)

99. A camphor used to treat nephrolithiasis but may also have a role in cuts, as anti diarrhea or antispasm A. Sambong B. Niyog-niyogan C. Pansit-pansitan D. Yerba Buena

A. Sambong

100. Yoga is a traditional medicine practice that originated from which country? A. China B. India C. Japan D. Mongolia E. South Africa

B. India