LE1 PMP (2026) Flashcards
Which of the following is NOT TRUE of Prehistoric Life?
A. Nomadic
B. No concept of public health and hygiene
C. Period before information was recorded
D. Women lived longer than Men
Nomadic
Which of the following is NOT a task of a shaman?
A. Carry out rudimentary surgery.
B. Cast spells and charms.
C. Gather plant-based medications.
D. Go to the river and expel evil substance
Go to the river and expel evil substance
Diet that according to anthropologists that can increase neural expansion, increase brain size and reduce the size of the gastrointestinal tract.
A. DASH Diet
B. Keto Diet
C. Low-Carb Diet
D. Paleolithic Diet
Paleolithic Diet
In the primitive medicine which of the following medicinal plants is used as a laxative?
A. Birch Polypore
B. Chamomile
C. Rosemary
D. Yarrow
Birch Polypore
A surgical intervention in which a hole is drilled or scraped into the human skull.
A. Amputation
B. Circumcision
C. Dissection
D. Trepanation
Trepanation
Which of the following is NOT a task of a shaman?
A. Carry out rudimentary surgery.
B. Cast spells and charms.
C. Gather plant-based medications.
D. Go to the river and expel evil substance.
Go to the river and expel evil substance
Which of the following practitioners excelled with incantations used for spelling demons?
A. Ashipu
B. Asu
C. Ouack
D. Shaman
Ashipu
A healer who treats an injury or an illness empirically.
A. Ashipu
B. Asu
C. Ouack
D. Shaman
Asu
In the Ancient Indian Medicine, the treatment annihilates dangerous doshas, which can cause life-threatening illnesses.
A. Agadatantra
B. Shamana Chikitsa
C. Shodhana
D. Vajikaranatantra
Shodhana
Rejuvenation and tonics for increasing lifespan, intellect and strength.
A. Agadatantra
B. Bhutavidy;
C. Rasavanatantra
D. Vaiikaranatantra
Rasavanatantra
Pacification of possessing spirits, and the people who are affected by such possession.
A. Agadatantra
B. Bhutavidy;
C. Rasavanatantra
D. Vaiikaranatantra
Bhutavidy;
In Ancient Indian Medicine these are known as the surgical techniques and extraction of foreign objects.
A. Kavacikitsa
B. Khaumara-bhitya
C. Salyantantra
D. Salasvatanta
Salyantantra
Which of the following is NOT TRUE of Traditional Chinese Medicine?
A. Healers seek to restore he balance of yin and yang
B. Understanding the body’s “qi”
C. The science of life
D. The traditional treatment method in China
The science of life
In the Traditional Chinese Medicine, this detailed the body’s anatomy and functions, the blood and circulation, physiology, pathology, diagnosis and treatment, acupuncture and moxibustion and the use of ethnopharmacology.
A. Chinese Materia Medica
B. Huang Ti Nei Ching
C. Gua sha
D. Tai chi
Huang Ti Nei Ching
It is a form of treatment wherein it applies pressure in certain points that is thought to improve the flow of Qi, thereby improving health?
A. Acupuncture
B. Cupping
C. Die-da
D. Gua sha
Acupuncture
In Ancient Egyptian Medicine, this deals with women’s health and gynecological diseases, fertility, pregnancy, contraception and others.
A. Hearst Medical Papyrus
B. Kahun Gynecological Papyrus
C. The Ebers
D. The Edwin Smith Papyrus
Kahun Gynecological Papyrus
In Greek medicine they believe that illness as an imbalance in the 4 humors of the body. Which of the following will NOT be considered?
A. Choleric
B. Green Bile
C. Phlegmatic
D. Sanguine
Green Bile
He is the father of medicine and founder of first medical school?
A. Alameon
B. Hippocrates
C. Phytagoras
D. Imhotep
Hippocrates
An ethical code of principles adopted as a guide to conduct by the medical profession.
A. Charaka Samhita
B. Code of Hammurabi
C. Hearst Medical Papyrus
D. Hippocratic Oath
Hippocratic Oath
In Rome which of the following is NOT part of the public health and facilities?
A. Aqueducts
B. Consultation Clinics
C. Public bath houses
D. The Sewage system
Consultation Clinics
The Greek philosopher and physician who introduced the concepts of history taking, physical diagnosis, physiology, pathology, and surgery among many others
A. Asclepius
B. Galen
C. Hippocrates
D. Hygeia
Hippocrates
The Greek physician who promoted logical approach to diagnosis and prognosis through his extensive writings disseminated at the time of the Roman empire
A. Erasistratus
B. Galen
C. Herophilus
D. Hippocrates
Galen
The Greek physician who shifted the paradigm from theocratic medicine to rational medicine
A. Erasistratus
B. Galen
C. Herophilus
D. Hippocrates
Galen
Hippocrates promoted the holistic concept for diagnosis and treatment of disease with:
A. the scientific knowledge of that time with
B. emotional compassion and prayer
C. with physical exercise
D. A and C
E. All of the above
with physical exercise
This great contribution of the Arab world during the Middle Ages enabled the preservation of science for the following centuries. This important step led to the development of European Medicine.
A. The publication of the Hippocratic corpus
B. The establishment of asclepieion in the Middle East as healing places
C. Galen’s translation of the Hippocratic corpus from Greek to Arabic
D. Graeco-Arabic transfer of medical knowledge
Graeco-Arabic transfer of medical knowledge
The Asclepieion was an ancient healing temple that incorporates treatment techniques that are still very much useful today such as
A. Herbal medicines
B. Use of essential oils
C. Physiotherapy
D. Overnight stay for rest and relaxation
Physiotherapy
The reintroduction of the Hippocratic oath after the horrors of human experimentation by the Nazi physicians has led to:
A. calls physicians to a higher ethical standard than that of society in general
B. medicine’s responsibilities to public health and social justice
C. pleas to be respectful of the diversity of perspectives on faith and belief
D. the consideration of sociopolitical pressures on medical advancements
E. Option 2
calls physicians to a higher ethical standard than that of society in general
“What I may see or hear in the course of the treatment or even outside of the treatment in regard to the life of men, which on no account one must spread abroad, I will keep to myself, holding such things shameful to be spoken about.”
(identify the principle behind the parts of the Classical version of the Hippocratic oath)
A. patient’s dignity
B. data privacy
C. shared decision making
D. physician’s conscience
data privacy
“Whatever houses I may visit, I will come for the benefit of the sick, remaining free of all intentional injustice, of all mischief and in particular of sexual relations with both female and male persons, be they free or slaves.” (identify the principle behind the parts of the Classical version of the Hippocratic oath)
A. Practicing medicine for the benefit of the sick precludes any personal, political, or moral judgment as to the worthiness of the patient to be healed
B. keep own life pure and saint;
C. keep medical profession pure and saint;
D. act only for the Good, upon own critical knowledge and own responsibility;
Practicing medicine for the benefit of the sick precludes any personal, political, or moral judgment as to the worthiness of the patient to be healed
I will not use the knife, even upon those suffering from stones, but I will leave this to those who are trained in this craft.
(identify the principle behind the parts of the Classical version of the Hippocratic oath)
A. withdraw in favor of others when they are more expert
B. remaining involved and accessible, even after referral to a specialist
C. reminding doctors to “use their power wisely”
D. shared decision making
withdraw in favor of others when they are more expert
“To hold him who has taught me this art as equal to my parents and to live my life in partnership with him, and if he is in need of money to give him a share of mine”
(identify the principle behind the parts of the Classical version of the Hippocratic oath)
A. Protect another physician at all costs
B. Loyalty to fellow doctors through teamwork
C. Honor thy teacher and professional courtesy
D. Fellow physicians seeking consultation must always be free of charge
Honor thy teacher and professional courtesy
“I will apply, for the benefit of the sick, all measures which are required, avoiding those twin traps of ?”
(fill in the blanks on the Modern version of the Hippocratic oath)
A. Abortion and euthanasia
B. Overtreatment and therapeutic nihilism
C. Advanced medical technologies and medical conservatism
D. Perverse incentives and medical entrepreneurship
Overtreatment and therapeutic nihilism
“I will remember that there is art to medicine as well as science, and that______ may outweigh the surgeon’s knife or the chemist’s drug.”
(fill in the blanks on the Modern version of the Hippocratic oath)
A. warmth, sympathy, and understanding
B. expertise, knowledge, and collaboration
C. experience, skills, and perseverance
D. Cure, relief, and comfort
warmth, sympathy, and understanding
“I will not be ashamed to say_____ nor will I fail to call in my colleagues when the skills of another are needed for a patient’s recovery.”
(fill in the blanks on the Modern version of the Hippocratic oath)
A. “I know everything”
B. “I know not”
C. “I am the best”
D. “I cannot cure you”
“I know not”
“But it may also be within my power to take a life; this awesome responsibility must be faced with great___and ____ must not play at God.”
(fill in the blanks on the Modern version of the Hippocratic oath)
A. Honor and pride
B. Professionalism and excellence
C. Compassion and honesty
D. humility and awareness of my own frailty
humility and awareness of my own frailty
Josef Mengele was a German officer and physician in Auschwitz concentration camp during World War II. There he saw the opportunity to conduct genetic research on human subjects through human experimentation with twins.. Dr. Mengele violated this oath
A. I will apply measures for the benefit of the sick according to my ability and judgment
B. I will prevent disease whenever I can, for prevention is preferable to cure.
C. I will neither give a deadly drug to anybody if asked for it, nor will I make a suggestion to this effect.
D. I will remember that there is art to medicine as well as science
I will apply measures for the benefit of the sick according to my ability and judgment
Mr. J is a 85 y/o female with stage IV breast cancer. She has been bedridden for 6 months already. She was admitted for sensorial changes and was diagnosed to have multiple brain and bone metastasis. She eventually became comatose and placed on mechanical ventilation. The past few months has put a tremendous strain on the family’s finances. They were advised to undergo stem cell therapy and surgery. The physician in this case has violated his oath
A. To adhere to non-maleficence
B. To protect social justice
C. To avoid therapeutic nihilism (undertreatment)
D. To avoid overtreatment
To avoid overtreatment
Kaye, a first year surgery resident is excited to be performing her first appendectomy. The anesthesiology resident takes his picture during the operation. Afterwards, he decided to post this picture in his Facebook page without the patient’s consent. Kaye violated this oath–
A. Full informed consent
B. Patient privacy and confidentiality
C. Patient autonomy
D. Social injustice
Patient privacy and confidentiality
Mr, Boying, a 58 year old male, heavy smoker was admitted due severe back pain after a ground level fall. On work up, it was discovered that he had vertebral fractures from bone metastasis. He was diagnosed with stage IV lung cancer. His physician did not disclose his diagnosis upon the wishes of his wife and siblings. Which of the following aspect of the Hippocratic Oath did Mr. Boying’s physician violate?
A. Full informed consent
B. Patient privacy and confidentiality
C. Patient autonomy
D. Social injustice
Patient autonomy
Fill in the blanks: “To __ sometimes, to_ often, to _ always”
A. Relieve, comfort, cure
B. Comfort, relieve, cure
C. Cure, comfort, relieve
D. Cure, relieve, comfort
Cure, relieve, comfort
According to Galen and Hippocrates, the human body is made up of which of the following element
A. Earth
B. Phlegm
C. Blood
D. Bile
Earth
This is one of the most common European medical practitioners of the Middle Ages and was in charge of taking care of soldiers.
A. Barber-Surgeon
B. Plague Doctor
C. Physician
D. Wise woman
Barber-Surgeon
This profession refers to someone who formulates and dispenses maternal medica
A. Physician
B. Barber-Surgeon
C. Plague Doctor
D. Apothecary
Barber-Surgeon
The first to be contacted by the poor in the 15th century and used herbal medicines
A. Physician
B. Plague Doctor
C. Wise woman
D. Barber-surgeon
Wise woman
The following were used by physicians of the 15th century in diagnosing illnesses except:
A. Examination of the feces
B. Palpation
C. Feeling of the pulse
D. Observation
Examination of the feces
Which of the following is believed to have the greatest influence in bodily fluids
A. Sun
B. Stars
C. Moon
D. Asteroids
Moon
This chart determines when to do bloodletting in sick patients
A. Astronomy Chart
B. Zodiac Chart
C. Astrology Chart
D. Solar Chart
Zodiac Chart
This was used in treating venomous wounds
A. Myrrh
B. Rose
C. Lavender
D. Mint
Mint
The century called as the Age of Reason
A. 15th
B. 16th
C. 17th
D. 18th
16th
Chemical elixirs used to treat patients in the 16th century may contain the following:
A. Gold
B. Arsenic
C. Mercury
D. Silver
Mercury
This disease leaves the face and limbs covered with pockmarks
A. Rubeola
B. Typhoid
C. Varicella
D. Variola
Variola
Use of tourniquet
A. Ambroise Pare
B. Andreas Vesalius
C. Giovanni Borelli
D. Santorio Santorio
E. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Ambroise Pare
A. Ambroise Pare : tourniquet
B. Andreas Vesalius : public dissection
D. Santorio Santorio : thermometer
E. Anton van Leeuwenhoek : Father of Microbiology
Father of Microbiology
A. Ambroise Pare
B. Andreas Vesalius
C. Giovanni Borelli
D. Santorio Santorio
E. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
A. Ambroise Pare : tourniquet
B. Andreas Vesalius : public dissection
D. Santorio Santorio : thermometer
E. Anton van Leeuwenhoek : Father of Microbiology
Invented the thermometer
A. Ambroise Pare
B. Andreas Vesalius
C. Giovanni Borelli
D. Santorio Santori
E. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Santorio Santori
A. Ambroise Pare : tourniquet
B. Andreas Vesalius : public dissection
D. Santorio Santorio : thermometer
E. Anton van Leeuwenhoek : Father of Microbiology
Performed the public dissection of a notorious felon
A. Ambroise Pare
B. Andreas Vesalius
C. Giovanni Borelli
D. Santorio Santorio
E. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Andreas Vesalius
A. Ambroise Pare : tourniquet
B. Andreas Vesalius : public dissection
D. Santorio Santorio : thermometer
E. Anton van Leeuwenhoek : Father of Microbiology
Humor believed to be derived from the brain
A. Sanguine
B. Phlegmatic
C. Melancholic
D. Choleric
Phlegmatic
A. Sanguine : heart
B. Phlegmatic : brain
C. Melancholic : spleen
D. Choleric : liver
Humor believed to be derived from the heart
A. Sanguine
B. Phlegmatic
C. Melancholic
D. Choleric
Sanguine
A. Sanguine : heart
B. Phlegmatic : brain
C. Melancholic : spleen
D. Choleric : liver
Humor believed to be derived from liver
A. Sanguine
B. Phlegmatic
C. Melancholic
D. Choleric
Choleric
A. Sanguine : heart
B. Phlegmatic : brain
C. Melancholic : spleen
D. Choleric : liver
Humor believed to be derived from the spleen
A. Sanguine
B. Phlegmatic
C. Melancholic
D. Choleric
Melancholic
A. Sanguine : heart
B. Phlegmatic : brain
C. Melancholic : spleen
D. Choleric : liver
The following were treatment practices in the 16th century except?
A. Dietary restriction
B. Exercise
C. Aromatherapy
D. Cinchona
E. None of the above
None of the above
The king believed to have the “royal touch” and heal people with tuberculosis
A. King Charles I
B. King Charles II
C. King Edward I
King Charles II
This disease is composed of sore throat, fever, headaches, swollen lymph nodes and a sandpaper rash
A. Measles
B. Typhus fever
C. Scarlet fever
D. Small pox
Scarlet fever
English physician responsible for understanding of blood circulation
A. William Harvey
B. Andrea Cesalpino
C. Paracelsus
D. Matteo Colombo
William Harvey
Studied lung diseases specifically silicosis
A. William Harvey
B. Andrea Cesalpino
C. Paracelsus
Paracelsus
Used as an antiseptic in wounds
A. Mint
B. Myrrh
C. Lavender
D. Sage
Myrrh
He drew up a health report that outlined the public health needs for the state of Massachusetts
A. John Snow
B. Lemuel Shattuck
C. Edward Jenner
D. Louis Pasteur
Lemuel Shattuck
A. John Snow: miasma theory
B. Lemuel Shattuck: Massachusetts
D. Robert Koch: microbe, and no other, causes a particular disease
C. Walter Reed: yellow fever
These are the plagues of the 19th century EXCEPT:
A. Dysentery
B. Yellow fever
C. Typhus
D. Cholera
Dysentery
He disproved the miasma theory
A. John Snow
B. Edward Jenner
C. Louis Pasteur
D. Robert Koch
John Snow
A. John Snow: miasma theory
B. Lemuel Shattuck: Massachusetts
D. Robert Koch: microbe, and no other, causes a particular disease
C. Walter Reed: yellow fever
He developed the criteria and procedures necessary to establish that a particular microbe, and no other, causes a particular disease
A. John Snow
B. Edward Jenner
C. Louis Pasteur
D. Robert Koch
Robert Koch
A. John Snow: miasma theory
B. Lemuel Shattuck: Massachusetts
D. Robert Koch: microbe, and no other, causes a particular disease
C. Walter Reed: yellow fever
Among the contributions of Louis Pasteur
A. Process of preventing spoilage from milk and other goods
B. Spontaneous generation
C. Germ theory of disease
D. A and B
E. A and C
A and C
Important contribution of Dr John Snow
A. He helped interrupt cholera epidemic by removing the pump handle in Broad street
B. He inoculated a boy with material from a cowpox pustule
C. He postulated that life arose from nonliving matter
D. He established that a particular microbe causes a particular disease
He helped interrupt cholera epidemic by removing the pump handle in Broad street
This surgeon disproved the bacterial theory as a cause of yellow fever
A. Robert Koch
B. Louis Pasteur
C. Walter Reed
D. Edward Jenner
Walter Reed
A. John Snow: miasma theory
B. Lemuel Shattuck: Massachusetts
D. Robert Koch: microbe, and no other, causes a particular disease
C. Walter Reed: yellow fever
The perforations seen in the eyeball sockets is a sign of:
A. Iron deficiency anemia
B. Rickets
C. Thiamine deficiency
D. Yellow fever
Iron deficiency anemia
This disfiguring and fatal disease was an important epidemic until the 1800’s:
A. Yellow fever
B. Typhus
C. Varicella
D. Variola
Variola
The cause of this condition (image) is:
A. Too much intake of milk and meat
B. Heavy work in harmful environment
C. Corn as a staple diet
D. Little exposure to sun
Corn as a staple diet
Emergence of lung diseases associated with work
A. 16th Century
B. 17th Century
C. 18th Century
D. 19th Century
18th Century
Major breakthrough of the 18th century
A. Stride towards industrialization
B. Laissez faire
C. Variolation
D. Creation of Municipal Board of Health
Variolation
The federal government’s approach to health problems during this period was non-interference with transactions of private parties.
A. 16th Century
B. 17th Century
C.18th Century
D. 19th Century
19th Century
A. 16th Century
Age of Reason
B. 17th Century
C.18th Century
Emergence of lung diseases associated with work
First vaccination
D. 19th Century
The federal government’s approach to health problems during this period was non-interference with transactions of private parties.
Foundation of American Public Health Association
use of Radiographs (X-rays)
Beginning of modern era of public health
First vaccination
A. 16th Century
B. 17th Century
C. 18th Century
D. 19th Century
18th Century
A. 16th Century
Age of Reason
B. 17th Century
C.18th Century
Emergence of lung diseases associated with work
First vaccination
D. 19th Century
The federal government’s approach to health problems during this period was non-interference with transactions of private parties.
Foundation of American Public Health Association
use of Radiographs (X-rays)
Beginning of modern era of public health
Foundation of American Public Health Association
A. 16th Century
B. 17th Century
C. 18th Century
D. 19th Century
19th Century
A. 16th Century
Age of Reason
C.18th Century
Emergence of lung diseases associated with work
First vaccination
D. 19th Century
The federal government’s approach to health problems during this period was non-interference with transactions of private parties.
Foundation of American Public Health Association
use of Radiographs (X-rays)
Beginning of modern era of public health
The Laguna Copper Plate Inscription (ICI), the earliest historical document in the country and also the only pre-Spanish document discovered so far, was discovered in Lumbang river in what province?
A. Bicol
B. Ilocos
C. Laguna
D. Bulacan
Laguna
Theory proposed by Henry Otley Beyer
A. Migration Theory
B. Evolution Theory
C. Ice Age Theory
D. Lost-Continent Theory
Migration Theory
Filipinos descended from different groups from Southeast Asia in successive waves of migration
A. Migration Theory
B. Evolution Theory
C. Ice Age Theory
D. Lost-Continent Theory
Migration Theory
Believes that Asians, including Filipinos are the result of a lengthy process of evolution and migration
A. Migration Theory
B. Evolution Theory
C. Ice Age Theory
D. Lost-Continent Theory
Evolution Theory
The use of Radiographs (X-rays) started in the _Century.
A. 18th
B. 19th
C. 20th
D. 21st
19th
The first epidemic experience during early American occupation that had a death rate of 90%
A. Cholera Epidemic
B. Beri-beri outbreak
C. Small pox epidemic
D. Flu epidemic
Cholera Epidemic
In 1919, the first Filipino Health Chief assumed office on January 1, 1919 and assumed many leadership positions as Filipinization gets implemeted
A. Dr. Vicente De Jesus
B. Dr. Paz Mendoza
C. Dr. Fernando Calderon
D. Dr. Sito Orosa
Dr. Vicente De Jesus
On August 16, 1912, this doctor performed the first caesarian section was in PGH
A. Dr. Vicente De Jesus
B. Dr. Paz Mendoza
C. Dr. Fernando Calderon
D. Dr. Sito Orosa
Dr. Fernando Calderon
His work remains to be the one of the greatest discoveries of all time for medicine and public health which led to the defeat of smallpox infection
A. John Snow
B. Lemuel Shattuck
C. Edward Jenner
D. Louis Pasteur
Edward Jenner
The biggest epidemics of the 19th century include the following EXCEPT:
A. Dysentery
B. Yellow fever
C. Typhus
D. Cholera
Dysentery
This surgeon disproved the bacterial theory as a cause of yellow fever
A. Robert Koch
B. Louis Pasteur
C. Walter Reed
D. Edward Jenner
Walter Reed
Beginning of modern era of public health
A. 16th century
B. 17th century
C. 18th century
D. 19th century
19th century
They are considered to be the first healers within the tribal communities of ancient Philippines
A. Shaman
B. Babaylan
C. Medico
D. Albularyo
Babaylan
In 1380, they arrived at the Sulu Archipelago and established settlements which became mini-states ruled by a Datu
A. Muslim Arabs
B. Japanese
C. Chinese
D. Americans
Muslim Arabs
In the 1400’s, they also established a trading post at Aparri in Northern Luzon
A. Japanese
B. Muslim Arabs
C. Japanese
D. Chinese
Japanese
These were first recorded by Fr. Blas de la Madre de Dios, OF M through his book Tratado de Medicina Domestica (Treatise on Domestic Medicine)
A. plant medicines in the Philippines
B. Babaylan in the Philippines
C. Ancient Rituals in the Philippines
D. All of the above
plant medicines in the Philippines
Contributory to the difficulty finding evidences nor documentations of Medicine in the Precolonial Period in the Philippines
A. Record-keeping was miles behind China
B. Our ancestors used anything they could get their hands on as their writing pad (leaves, bamboo tubes, bark of trees, etc)
C. Pointed weapons or saps of trees served as their ink
D. All of the above
All of the above
In 1906, segregation was done by establishing a Leper colony in which province?
A. Culion, Palawan
B. Santo Tomas, Batangas
C. Jolo, Sulu
D. Batac, Ilocos Norte
Culion, Palawan
In 1911, this outbreak was confirmed to be caused by continuous eating of polished rice as a staple food
A. Cholera outbreak
B. Beri-beri outbreak
C. Small pox epidemic
D. Flu epidemic
Beri-beri outbreak
In 1918 to 1920, this epidemic occurred and which killed 72,000 Filipinos
A. Cholera outbreak
B. Beri-beri outbreak
C. Small pox epidemic
D. Flu epidemic
Small pox epidemic
