PMI: Laboratory

Question 1

Hematology Studies

Answer 1

Relate to the physical properties of blood

i.e. number of blood cells in the specimen, clotting and bleeding factors

Question 2

Blood Chemistry Studies

Answer 2

Measure the amounts of certain substances in the body including electrolytes (Na, K, Cl), fats, proteins, glucose, and enzymes

Question 3

Urine Studies

Answer 3

Performed on urine specimens to diagnose and monitor urinary tract disease.

Detect and monitor diseases related to the kidney (i.e. diabetic nephropathy, kidney stones, lupus)

Question 4

Microbiology Studies

Answer 4

Identify microorganisms that cause disease and infection

Question 5

Traditional Microbiology Studies

Answer 5

1. Culture and Sensitivity
2. Staining and Microscopy
3. Biochemical Testing

Question 6

Biochemical Testing

Answer 6

Using enzymes or other compounds that will cause reactions in a specific pathogen

Question 7

Modern Microbiology Studies

Answer 7

1. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
2. Serology Tests

Question 8

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Answer 8

Matching a tiny amount of DNA from an unknown pathogen with known pathogens including viruses, bacteria, and parasites

Question 9

Serology Tests

Answer 9

Depend on antibody/antigen reactions, useful for microorganisms that cannot be cultured (i.e. bacteria that causes syphilis)

Question 10

Antibodies

Answer 10

Substances produced by a person’s immune system to defend against infection

Question 11

Antigen

Answer 11

Substances produced by microorganisms that trigger immune response in the body

Question 12

autopsy

Answer 12

View of self (postmortem exam to determine cause of death or obtain evidence)

Question 13

biopsy (Bx)

Answer 13

View of life (removal of living tissue from body to be viewed under microscope)

Question 14

cytopathology

Answer 14

Study of (changes in) cells during disease

Question 15

hematology

Answer 15

Study of blood

Question 16

histopathology

Answer 16

Study of tissues in disease

Question 17

Microbiology

Answer 17

Study of small life (microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites)

Question 18

Pathology

Answer 18

Study of disease (causes of disease and death)

Question 19

Virology

Answer 19

Study of viruses and viral disease (branch of microbiology)

Question 20

Chemistry Panel

Answer 20

Series of tests performed on a blood sample that give information regarding multiple systems including kidneys, liver, and lungs

Provide glucose and protein levels

AKA comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP)

Question 21

Complete Blood Count with Differential (CBC with diff)

Answer 21

Laboratory tests for basic blood screening that measures various aspects of erythrocytes (RBC), leukocytes (WBC), and thrombocytes (platelets)

Question 22

Culture and Sensitivity (C&S)

Answer 22

Tests performed on sample to determine presence of pathogenic bacteria and cause of infection

Specimen is placed on medium for growth (culture)
If pathogenic bacteria grow, is then tested for antibiotic sensitivity to identity antibiotic that will provide most effective treatment

Question 23

Genetic Testing

Answer 23

Examines DNA and can reveal changes in genes that may cause illness or disease

Question 24

Specimen

Answer 24

Sample of blood, urine, or body tissue taken for medical testing (AKA collection sample)