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PMI > PMI: Chapter 7 > Flashcards

PMI: Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

testis (pl. testes)

A

primary male sex organ, paired, oval-shaped, and enclosed in a sac (scrotum)

the testes produce spermatozoa (sperm cells) and hormone testosterone

AKA testicle

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2
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

approximately 900 coiled tubes within the testes in which spermatogenesis occurs

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3
Q

sperm

A

the microscopic male germ cell, which, when united with the ovum produces a zygote (fertilized egg) that subsequent development becomes an embryo

AKA spermatozoon (pl. spermatozoa)

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4
Q

testosterone

A

principle male sex hormone

chief function to stimulate the development of male reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics (i.e. facial hair)

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5
Q

epididymis (pl. epididymides)

A

coiled tube attached to each testis that provides for storage, transit, and maturation of sperm; continuous with each vas deferens

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6
Q

vas deferens

A

duct (tube) carrying the sperm from the epididymis to the urethra

urethra also connects with urinary bladder and carries urine outside the body

circular muscle constricts during intercourse to prevent urination

AKA ductus deferens

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7
Q

spermatic cord

A

encloses each vas deferens with nerves, lymphatics, arteries, and veins

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8
Q

seminal vesicles

A

two accessory glands located posterior to the base of the bladder that open into the vas deferens

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9
Q

prostate gland

A

walnut-shaped gland that encircles the proximal section of the urethra

secretes a fluid that aids in the movement of sperm and ejaculation

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10
Q

semen

A

composed of sperm, seminal fluids, and other secretions

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11
Q

scrotum

A

sac containing the testes and their corresponding epididymides, from which each vas deferens begins

suspended on both sides and posterior to the penis

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12
Q

penis

A

male organ of urination and coitus

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13
Q

glans penis

A

enlarged tip on the end of the penis

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14
Q

prepuce

A

fold of skin covering the glans penis in uncircumcised male (foreskin of the penis)

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15
Q

genitalia, genitals

A

reproductive organs (male or female), includes internal and external reproductive organs

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16
Q

gonads

A

primary reproductive organs

testes in males
ovaries in females

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17
Q

andr/o

A

male

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18
Q

balan/o

A

glans penis

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19
Q

epididym/o

A

epididymis

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20
Q

orch/o

A

testis, testicle

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21
Q

orchi/o

A

testis, testicle

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22
Q

orchid/o

A

testis, testicle

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23
Q

prostat/o

A

prostate gland

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24
Q

sperm/o

A

sperm, spermatozoon (pl. spermatozoa)

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25
Q

spermat/o

A

sperm, spermatozoon (pl. spermatozoa)

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26
Q

vas/o

A

vessel, duct

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27
Q

vesicul/o

A

seminal vesicle(s)

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28
Q

cyst/o

A

bladder, sac

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29
Q

crypt/o

A

hidden

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30
Q

lith/o

A

stone(s), calculus

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31
Q

olig/o

A

scanty, few

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32
Q

a-

A

absence of, without

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33
Q

an-

A

absence of, without

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34
Q

hyper-

A

above, excessive

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35
Q

-algia

A

pain

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36
Q

-ectomy

A

excision, surgical removal

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37
Q

-ia

A

diseased or abnormal state, condition of

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38
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to

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39
Q

-ism

A

state of

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40
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

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41
Q

-lith

A

stone(s), calculus

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42
Q

-tomy

A

cut into, incision

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43
Q

-pexy

A

surgical fixation

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44
Q

-pathy

A

disease

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45
Q

-plasia

A

condition of formation, development, growth

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46
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

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47
Q

-rrhea

A

flow, discharge

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48
Q

-stomy

A

creation of artificial opening

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49
Q

andropathy

A

disease of the male (specific to the male, i.e. orchitis)

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50
Q

anorchism

A

state of absence of testis (unilateral or bilateral)

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51
Q

balanitis

A

inflammation of the glans penis

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52
Q

balanorrhea

A

discharge from the glans penis

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53
Q

benign prostatic hyperplasia/hypertrophy (BPH)

A

excessive development pertaining to the prostate gland

nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland which causes narrowing of the urethra which interferes with the passage of urine

symptoms: urinary frequency, nocturia, urinary retention, incomplete emptying of the bladder

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54
Q

cryptorchidism

A

state of hidden testis

during fetal development, testes are located in abdominal region near kidneys, before birth they move down to scrotal sac, failure to descend causes condition

AKA undescended testicle(s)

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55
Q

epididymitis

A

inflammation of the epididymis

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56
Q

orchiepididymitis

A

inflammation of the testis and epididymis

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57
Q

orchitis

A

inflammation of the testis

AKA orchiditis

58
Q

prostatitis

A

inflammation of the prostate gland

59
Q

prostatocystitis

A

inflammation of the prostate gland and urinary bladder

60
Q

prostatolith

A

stone(s) in the prostate gland

61
Q

prostatorrhea

A

discharge from the prostate gland

62
Q

prostatovesiculitis

A

inflammation of the prostate gland and seminal vesicles

63
Q

erectile dysfunction (ED)

A

inability of the male to attain or maintain an erection sufficient to perform sexual intercourse

formerly known as impotence

64
Q

hydrocele

A

fluid-filled sac around the testicle, causes scrotal swelling

65
Q

infertility

A

reduced or absent ability to achieve pregnancy after one year of frequent, unprotected sexual intercourse

66
Q

phimosis

A

tightness of the prepuce that prevents its retraction over the glans penis

may be congenital or result of balanitis

treated with circumcision

67
Q

priapism

A

persistent abnormal erection of the penis accompanied by pain and tenderness

68
Q

prostate cancer

A

cancer of the prostate gland, usually occurring in men middle-aged or older

69
Q

spermatocele

A

distention of the epididymis containing an abnormal cyst-like collection of fluid and sperm cells, may cause scrotal swelling

70
Q

testicular cancer

A

cancer of the testicle, usually occurring in men 15-35 y/o

71
Q

testicular torsion

A

twisting of the spermatic cord causing decreased blood flow to the testis

occurs most often during puberty and often presents with a sudden onset of severe testicular or scrotal pain

72
Q

variocele

A

enlarged veins of the spermatic cord, may cause scrotal swelling

73
Q

balanoplasty

A

surgical repair of the glans penis

74
Q

epididymectomy

A

excision of the epididymis

75
Q

orchiectomy

A

excision of the testis

AKA orchidectomy (castration, if bilateral)

76
Q

orchiopexy

A

surgical fixation of the testicle

performed to bring undescended testicles back into scrotum

AKA orchidopexy

77
Q

orchioplasty

A

surgical repair of the testis

78
Q

orchiotomy

A

incision into the testis

AKA orchidotomy

79
Q

prostatectomy

A

excision of the prostate gland

80
Q

prostatocystotomy

A

incision into the prostate gland and the urinary bladder

81
Q

prostatolithotomy

A

incision into the prostate gland to remove stone(s)

82
Q

prostatovesiculectomy

A

excision of the prostate gland and seminal vesicles

83
Q

vasectomy

A

excision of the duct (partial excision of the vas deferens bilaterally resulting in male sterilization)

84
Q

vasovasostomy

A

creation of artificial openings between ducts

severed ends of the vas deferens are reconnected in attempt to restore fertility in men who have a vasectomy

85
Q

vesiculectomy

A

excision of the seminal vesicles

86
Q

ablation

A

destruction of abnormal or excessive tissue by melting vaporizing, or eroding

87
Q

circumcision

A

surgical removal of the prepuce (foreskin)

88
Q

enucleation

A

excision of a whole organ or mass without cutting into it

89
Q

hydrocelectomy

A

surgical removal of a fluid-filled sac around the testicle causing scrotal swelling (hydrocele)

90
Q

laser surgery

A

use of a focused light to excise or vaporize abnormal tissue and to control bleeding

common types:
holmium laser enucleation of the prostate gland (HoLEP)
photoselective vaporization of the prostate gland (PVP)

91
Q

morcellation

A

cutting or grinding solid tissue into smaller pieces for removal

92
Q

robotic surgery

A

use of small surgical instruments attached to a computer and operated by the surgeon from a console several feet from the operating table

93
Q

sterilization

A

surgical procedure that prevents pregnancy

94
Q

transurethral incision of the prostate gland (TUIP)

A

surgical procedure that widens the urethra by making a few small incisions in the bladder neck and the prostate gland

no prostate tissue is removed

95
Q

transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT)

A

treatment that eliminates excess tissue present in BPH by using heat generated by microwave

96
Q

transurethral resection of the prostate gland (TURP)

A

surgical removal of pieces of the prostate gland tissue by using an instrument inserted through the urethra

capsule is left intact

97
Q

incisional surgeries

A
  1. simple prostatectomy
  2. TUIP
  3. TURP
98
Q

laser surgeries

A
  1. HoLEP
  2. PVP
99
Q

other surgical procedures

A
  1. TUMP
  2. water vapor energy (WAVE) ablation
100
Q

MRI ultrasound fusion biopsy

A

combination of MRI with transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) to obtain tissue from prostate lesion

software merges existing MR image with live US images, the combined MRI-TRUS image is used to direct biopsy needle into area of prostate

AKA MRI-TRUS fusion, MR-US fusion, fusion guided biopsy

101
Q

multiparametric MRI

A

MRI procedure providing information of anatomic structure and physiology for the staging of prostate cancer

uses combination of different MRI modalities to better understand size and extent of prostate tumors

102
Q

transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)

A

ultrasound procedure used to diagnose prostate cancer

sound waves are sent and received by transducer probe that is placed in the rectum

103
Q

prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

A

blood test that measures level of prostate-specific antigen in the blood

elevated test may indicate presence of prostate cancer, urinary/prostatic infection, or excess prostate tissue (BPH or prostatitis)

104
Q

semen analysis

A

microscopic observation of ejaculated semen revealing size, structure, and movement - used to evaluate male infertility and determine effectiveness of vasectomy

AKA sperm count, sperm test

105
Q

total testosterone

A

blood test to measure the level of hormone responsible for male physical characteristics

106
Q

aspermia

A

condition of without sperm (absence of semen or ejaculation)

107
Q

oligospermia

A

condition of scanty sperm, may contribute to infertility

108
Q

orchialgia

A

pain in the testis

AKA testalgia

109
Q

chlamydia

A

STI caused by bacterium C. trachomatis

can be asymptomatic, symptoms occur when serious which include dysuria, penile/vaginal discharge, genital itching, bleeding in between menstrual periods

110
Q

genital herpes

A

STI caused by HSV type 2

111
Q

gonorrhea

A

STI caused by bacterial organism that inflames mucous membranes of the GU tract

112
Q

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

A

STI caused by a retrovirus that infects T-helper cells of the immune system, may be acquired in utero or transmitted through infected blood via needle sharing

advanced HIV progresses to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

113
Q

human papillomavirus (HPV)

A

STI caused by viral infection

more than 40 types that cause benign or cancerous growths in male and female genitals (genital warts)

114
Q

sexually transmitted infection (STI)

A

infection spread through sexual contact

115
Q

syphilis

A

infection caused by bacterium Treponema pallidum usually sexually transmitted, but can be acquired in utero and by direct contact with infected skin

if untreated, becomes systemic and can progress through 3 stages separated by latent periods

116
Q

trichomoniasis

A

STI caused by one-cell organism Trichomonas infecting the GU tract

men may be asymptomatic or may develop urethritis, enlarged prostate gland, epididymitis

women may have vaginal itching, dysuria, vaginal/urethral discharge

117
Q

artificial insemination

A

introduction of washed and concentrated sperm into the female reproductive tract, used as treatment for infertility

118
Q

condom

A

cover for the penis worn to prevent contraception and spread of STI

119
Q

spermicide

A

agent that destroys spermatozoa, used to prevent contraception

120
Q

azoospermia

A

lack of live sperm in semen (absence of semen or ejaculation)

121
Q

ejaculation

A

ejection of semen from the male urethra

122
Q

orgasm

A

climax of sexual stimulation

123
Q

puberty

A

period when secondary sex characteristics develop and ability to reproduce sexually begins

124
Q

BOO

A

bladder outlet obstruction

125
Q

LUTS

A

lower urinary tract symptoms

126
Q

BPH

A

benign prostatic hyperplasia/hypertrophy

127
Q

ED

A

erectile dysfunction

128
Q

HIV

A

human immunodeficiency virus

129
Q

HPV

A

human papillomavirus

130
Q

STD

A

sexually transmitted disease

131
Q

STI

A

sexually transmitted infection

132
Q

DRE

A

digital rectal examination

133
Q

PSA

A

prostate-specific antigen

134
Q

TRUS

A

transrectal ultrasound

135
Q

HoLEP

A

holmium laser enucleation of the prostate gland

136
Q

PVP

A

photoselective vaporization of the prostate gland

137
Q

RP

A

radical prostatectomy

138
Q

TUIP

A

transurethral incision of the prostate gland

139
Q

TUMT

A

transurethral microwave thermotherapy

140
Q

TURP

A

transurethral resection of the prostate gland

141
Q

Digital Rectal Examination (DRE)

A

physical examination in which the healthcare provider palpates the prostate through the rectal wall to determine the size, shape, and consistency of the gland

PMI (9 decks)

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