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PMI > PMI: Chapter 8 > Flashcards

PMI: Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

ovaries

A

almond-shaped organs located in the pelvic cavity

form and store egg cells (ova) and produce hormones estrogen and progesterone

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2
Q

ovulation

A

release of an egg from the ovaries, which can then travel through the fallopian tubes to the uterus

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3
Q

ovum (pl. ova)

A

female egg cell

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4
Q

graafian follicles

A

100K microscopic sacs that make up large portion of the ovaries (each follicle contains an immature ovum that develops to maturity monthly)

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5
Q

fallopian tubes

A

pair of tubes attached to the uterus that provides passageway for ovum to move from the ovary to the uterus

AKA uterine tubes

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6
Q

fimbria (pl. fimbriae)

A

finger-like projections at the free end of the fallopian tube

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7
Q

uterus

A

pear-sized and shaped muscular organ that lies in the pelvic cavity, except during pregnancy when it enlarges and extends up to abdominal cavity

functions: menstruation, pregnancy, labor

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8
Q

endometrium

A

inner lining of the uterus

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9
Q

myometrium

A

muscular middle layer of the uterus

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10
Q

perimetrium

A

outer protective layer of the uterus that secretes watery serous fluid to reduce friction

AKA uterine serosa

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11
Q

corpus

A

large central portion of the uterus

AKA uterine body

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12
Q

fundus

A

rounded upper portion of the uterus

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13
Q

cervix (Cx)

A

narrow lower portion of the uterus

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14
Q

vagina

A

passageway between the uterus and outside of the body

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15
Q

hymen

A

fold of membrane found near the opening of the vagina

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16
Q

vulva

A

external genitals of the female

mons pubis, labia majora/minora, clitoris, urinary meatus, vaginal opening

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17
Q

perineum

A

pelvic floor in both male and female

female - area between vaginal opening and anus

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18
Q

Bartholin glands

A

pair of mucus-producing glands located on each side of the vagina, just above the vaginal opening

AKA greater vestibular glands

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19
Q

breasts

A

milk-producing glands, consisting of 15-20 divisions/lobules

AKA mammary glands

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20
Q

areola

A

pigmented area around the breast nipple

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21
Q

cervic/o

A

cervix

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22
Q

colp/o

A

vagina

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23
Q

endometri/o

A

endometrium

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24
Q

episi/o

A

vulva

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25
Q

gynec/o

A

woman, female reproductive organs

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26
Q

hymen/o

A

hymen

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27
Q

hyster/o

A

uterus

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28
Q

mamm/o

A

breast

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29
Q

mast/o

A

breast

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30
Q

men/o

A

menstruation

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31
Q

metr/o

A

uterus

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32
Q

oophor/o

A

ovary

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33
Q

pelv/i

A

pelvis, pelvic cavity

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34
Q

perine/o

A

perineum

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35
Q

salping/o

A

fallopian tube (uterine tube)

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36
Q

trachel/o

A

cervix

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37
Q

vagin/o

A

vagina

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38
Q

vulv/o

A

vulva

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39
Q

hemat/o

A

blood

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40
Q

hydr/o

A

water

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41
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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42
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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43
Q

olig/o

A

scanty, few

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44
Q

py/o

A

pus

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45
Q

a-

A

absence of, without

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46
Q

dys-

A

painful, abnormal, difficult, labored

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47
Q

endo-

A

within

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48
Q

peri-

A

surrounding (outer)

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49
Q

-al

A

pertaining to

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50
Q

-algia

A

pain

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51
Q

-cele

A

hernia, protrusion

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52
Q

-cleisis

A

surgical closure

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53
Q

-ectomy

A

excision, surgical removal

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54
Q

-gram

A

the record, radiographic image

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55
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording, radiographic imaging

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56
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to

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57
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

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58
Q

-logist

A

one who studies and treats (specialist, physician)

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59
Q

-logy

A

study of

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60
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition

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61
Q

-pexy

A

surgical fixation

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62
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

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63
Q

-rrhagia

A

excessive bleeding

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64
Q

-rrhaphy

A

suturing, repairing

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65
Q

-rrhea

A

flow, discharge

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66
Q

-salpinx

A

fallopian tube (uterine tube)

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67
Q

-scope

A

instrument used for visual examination

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68
Q

-scopic

A

pertaining to visual examination

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69
Q

-scopy

A

visual examination

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70
Q

-tomy

A

cut into, incision

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71
Q

amenorrhea

A

absence of menstrual flow

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72
Q

cervicitis

A

inflammation of the cervix

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73
Q

dysmenorrhea

A

painful menstrual flow

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74
Q

endometriosis

A

abnormal condition of the endometrium

endometrial tissue grows outside of the uterus in various areas in the pelvis cavity including ovaries, fallopian tubes, intestines, and uterus

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75
Q

endometritis

A

inflammation of the endometrium

76
Q

hematosalpinx

A

blood in the fallopian tube

77
Q

hydrosalpinx

A

water in the fallopian tube

clear, watery fluid collects in the tube and cause blockage

78
Q

mastitis

A

inflammation of the breast

79
Q

menometrorrhagia

A

excessive bleeding from the uterus at menstruation and in between menstrual cycles

heavy and irregular bleeding

80
Q

menorrhagia

A

excessive bleeding at menstruation (regular, cyclic pattern)

81
Q

metrorrhagia

A

excessive bleeding from the uterus

irregular, out-of-cycle bleeding ranging from heavy to light, including spotting

82
Q

myometritis

A

inflammation of the uterine muscle (myometrium)

83
Q

oligomenorrhea

A

scanty menstrual flow (infrequent menstrual flow)

84
Q

oophoritis

A

inflammation of the ovary

85
Q

perimetritis

A

inflammation surrounding the uterus (perimetrium)

86
Q

pyosalpinx

A

pus in the fallopian tube

87
Q

salpingitis

A

inflammation of the fallopian tube

88
Q

salpingocele

A

hernia of the fallopian tube

89
Q

vaginitis

A

inflammation of the vagina

90
Q

vaginosis

A

abnormal condition of the vagina (caused by bacterial imbalance)

AKA bacterial vaginosis

91
Q

vulvovaginitis

A

inflammation of the vulva and vagina

92
Q

abnormal uterine bleeding

A

irregular bleeding in absence of pregnancy

types: menometrorrhagia, menorrhagia, and metrorrhagia

93
Q

adenomyosis

A

growth of the endometrium into the muscular portion of the uterus

94
Q

Bartholin cyst

A

blockage of one of the glands on either side of the vagina which causes a tender, swollen lump on the affected side which may become infected (Bartholin abscess)

95
Q

breast cancer

A

malignant tumor of the breast

96
Q

cervical cancer

A

malignant tumor of the cervix which progresses from cervical dysplasia to carcinoma

cause linked to HPV

97
Q

endometrial cancer

A

malignant tumor of the endometrium

AKA uterine cancer

98
Q

fibrocystic breast changes (FCC)

A

thickening of tissue (fibrosis), benign cysts, and pain or tenderness in one or both breasts, thought to be caused by monthly hormonal changes

AKA fibrocystic breasts

99
Q

ovarian cancer

A

malignant tumor of the ovary

100
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

A

inflammation of some or all the female pelvic organs

can be caused by many pathogens

if left untreated, infection may spread upwards and may result in infertility (acute cases fatal speticemia)

101
Q

polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

A

condition characterized by hormonal imbalances, ovulatory dysfunction, and multiple ovarian cysts

symptoms - irregular menstruation, acne, excess facial and body hair, infertility

increased risk of CV disease, obesity, glucose intolerance

102
Q

premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

A

syndrome involving physical and emotional symptoms occurring up to 10 days before menstruation

symptoms - nervous tension, irritability, mastalgia, edema, headache

103
Q

toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

A

severe illness characterized by high fever, rash, vomiting, diarrhea, and myalgia followed by hypotension and in severe shock/death

caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes

104
Q

uterine fibroid

A

benign tumor of the uterine muscle

AKA myoma of the uterus, leiomyoma

105
Q

uterovaginal prolapse

A

dropping of the uterus (and sometimes vagina) due to weakened pelvic muscles

uterus moves downward into and sometimes is visible outside the vagina

106
Q

vaginal fistula

A

abnormal connection between the vagina and another organ, such as the urinary bladder, colon, rectum

107
Q

colpocleisis

A

surgical closure of the vagina

108
Q

colpoperineorrhaphy

A

suturing of the vagina and perineum (mend perineal vaginal tears)

109
Q

colpoplasty

A

surgical repair of the vagina

110
Q

colporrhaphy

A

suturing of the vagina (wall of the vagina)

111
Q

episiorrhaphy

A

suturing of (a tear in) the vulva

112
Q

hymenotomy

A

incision into the hymen

113
Q

hysterectomy

A

excision of the uterus

114
Q

hysteropexy

A

surgical fixation of the uterus

115
Q

mammoplasty

A

surgical repair of the breast

116
Q

mastectomy

A

excision of the breast

117
Q

mastopexy

A

surgical fixation of the breast (lift sagging breast tissue or create symmetry)

118
Q

oophorectomy

A

excision of the ovary

119
Q

perineorrhaphy

A

suturing of (a tear in) the perineum

120
Q

salpingectomy

A

excision of the fallopian tube

121
Q

salpino-oophorectomy

A

excision of the fallopian tube and ovary

122
Q

salpingostomy

A

creation of an artificial opening in the fallopian tube (to restore patency)

123
Q

trachelectomy

A

excision of the cervix (cervicectomy)

124
Q

vulvectomy

A

excision of the vulva

125
Q

anterior and posterior colporrhaphy (A&P repair)

A

surgical repair of a weakened vaginal wall to correct a cystocele and retrocele

126
Q

conization

A

surgical removal of a cone-shaped area of the cervix

used in treatment for non-invasive cervical cancer

types: LEEP, cryosurgery, laser ablation

AKA cone biopsy

127
Q

dilation and curettage (D&C)

A

surgical procedure to widen the cervix and remove contents from the uterus using a curette

can be performed diagnostically or therapeutic

128
Q

endometrial ablation

A

procedure to destroy or remove the endometrium by use of laser, electrical, or thermal energy

treats abnormal uterine bleeding

129
Q

myomectomy

A

excision of a uterine fibroid (myoma)

130
Q

tubal ligation

A

surgical closure of the fallopian tubes for sterilization

tubes may be cut and tied (ligated), cut and cauterized, or closed off with a clip/clamp/ring/band

AKA tubal sterilization, female surgical sterilization

131
Q

uterine artery embolization (UAE)

A

placement of metal coils or small gelatin beads into uterine arteries to stop blood flow supplying uterine fibroids or to stop severe hemorrhage after childbirth

performed by IR

AKA uterine fibroid embolization

132
Q

hysterosalpingogram (HSG)

A

radiographic image of the uterus and fallopian tubes (after injection of contrast)

133
Q

mammogram

A

radiographic image of the breast

134
Q

mammography

A

radiographic imaging of the breast

135
Q

sonohysterography (SHG)

A

process of recording the uterus by use of sound

used to diagnose abnormalities inside the uterus including polyps, fibroids, adhesions

AKA hysterosonography

136
Q

colposcope

A

instrument used for visual examination of the vagina (and cervix)

137
Q

colposcopy

A

visual examination (with magnified view) of the vagina (and cervix)

138
Q

hysteroscope

A

instrument used for visual examination of the uterus (uterine cavity)

139
Q

hysteroscopy

A

visual examination of the uterus (uterine cavity)

140
Q

pelviscopic

A

pertaining to visual examination of the pelvic cavity (female reproductive organs)

141
Q

pelviscopy

A

visual examination of the pelvic cavity (female reproductive organs)

AKA gynecologic laparoscopy

142
Q

sentinel lymph node biopsy

A

injection of blue dye and/or radioactive isotope used to identify the sentinel lymph nodes (first in axillary chain most likely to contain metastasis of breast cancer)

nodes are removed and microscopically examined

143
Q

stereotactic breast biopsy

A

technique that combines mammography and computer-assisted biopsy to obtain tissue from breast lesion

144
Q

transvaginal sonography (TVS)

A

US procedure that uses a transducer placed in the vagina to obtain images of the ovaries, uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes, and surrounding structures

used to diagnose masses such as ovarian cysts or tumors, monitor pregnancy, evaluate ovulation for treatment of infertility

145
Q

CA-125 Test

A

blood test primarily used to monitor treatment for ovarian cancer and to detect recurrence once treatment is complete

146
Q

HPV Test

A

cytology study of cervical and vaginal secretions to detect high-risk forms of HPV that can cause abnormal cervical cells and cervical cancer

used for cervical cancer screening

147
Q

Pap Test

A

cytology study of cervical and vaginal secretions to detect abnormal, cancerous cells

used for cervical cancer screening

AKA Papanicolaou test

148
Q

leukorrhea

A

white discharge (from the vagina)

149
Q

mastalgia

A

pain in the breast

150
Q

gynecologist

A

physician who studies and treats diseases of women (female reproductive system)

151
Q

gynecology (GYN)

A

study of women (branch of medicine dealing with health and diseases of the female reproductive system)

152
Q

endocervical

A

pertaining to within the cervix

153
Q

pelvic

A

pertaining to the pelvis

154
Q

vaginal

A

pertaining to the vagina

155
Q

vesicovaginal

A

pertaining to the (urinary) bladder and the vagina

156
Q

vulvovaginal

A

pertaining to the vulva and vagina

157
Q

anovulation

A

failure of the ovary to release an egg

158
Q

dyspareunia

A

difficult or painful intercourse

159
Q

fistula

A

abnormal passageway between 2 organs between an internal organ and body surface

160
Q

oligoovulation

A

infrequent release of an egg

161
Q

contraception

A

intentional prevention of conception

AKA birth control

162
Q

hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

A

replacement of hormones, estrogen and progesterone, to treat symptoms associated with menopause

163
Q

speculum

A

instrument for opening a body cavity to allow visual inspection

164
Q

menarche

A

beginning of menstruation (specifically, onset of the first menstrual period)

165
Q

menopause

A

cessation of menstruation, usually around the ages of 48-53 y/o

may be induced at an earlier age surgically (bilateral oophorectomy) or medially (side effect of chemotherapy)

166
Q

AUB

A

abnormal uterine bleeding

167
Q

fcc

A

fibrocytic breast changes

168
Q

PCOS

A

polycystic ovary syndrome

169
Q

PID

A

pelvic inflammatory disease

170
Q

PMS

A

premenstrual syndrome

171
Q

TSS

A

toxic shock syndrome

172
Q

HSG

A

hysterosalpingogram

173
Q

SHG

A

sonohysterography

174
Q

TVS

A

transvaginal sonography

175
Q

A&P Repair

A

anterior and posterior colporrhaphy

176
Q

BC

A

birth control

177
Q

D&C

A

dilation and curettage

178
Q

HRT

A

hormone replacement therapy

179
Q

IUD

A

intrauterine device

180
Q

IUS

A

intrauterine system

181
Q

LAVH

A

laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy

182
Q

TAH/BSO

A

total abdominal hysterectomy/bilateral salpingo-opherectomy

183
Q

TLH

A

total laparoscopic hysterectomy

184
Q

UAE

A

uterine artery embolization

185
Q

VH

A

vaginal hysterectomy

186
Q

GYN

A

gynecology

187
Q

Cx

A

cervix

PMI (9 decks)

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