PMI: Anatomy Basics

Question 1

Cell

Answer 1

Basic unit of all living things

Question 2

Cell Membrane

Answer 2

Boundary of the cell

Question 3

Cytoplasm

Answer 3

Gel-like fluid inside the cell

Question 4

Nucleus

Answer 4

1. Largest structure within the cell
2. Spherical and centrally located
3. Contains chromosomes for cellular reproduction
4. Control center for cellular activity

Question 5

Chromosomes

Answer 5

46 in normal human cells
23 in mature sex cells

Question 6

Genes

Answer 6

Regions within the chromosome that determine hereditary characteristics

Question 7

Genome

Answer 7

Complete set of information in the DNA of a specific organism

Question 8

DNA

Answer 8

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Genetic material that regulates activities of the cell which comprises each gene

Question 9

Tissue

Answer 9

Group of similar cells that perform a specific function

Question 10

Muscle Tissue

Answer 10

Composed of cells with special ability to contract, usually producing movement

Question 11

Nervous Tissue

Answer 11

Specialized cells responsible for coordinating and controlling body activities

Found in nerves, spinal cord, brain

Question 12

Connective Tissue

Answer 12

Connects, supports, penetrates, and encases body structures

Question 13

Types of Connective Tissue

Answer 13

Adipose, Osseous, Blood

Question 14

Fibrous Tissue

Answer 14

Connective tissue that provides strength and stability (i.e. ligaments and tendons)

Question 15

Epithelial Tissue

Answer 15

Major covering of the external surface of the body and major tissue in glands

Question 16

Glandular Tissue

Answer 16

Designed to secrete substances such as digestive enzymes

Question 17

Organs

Answer 17

2+ types of tissues that together perform special body functions

Question 18

Viscera

Answer 18

Large internal organs contained in the body cavities, especially in the abdominal cavity

Question 19

System

Answer 19

Group of organs that work together to perform complex body functions

Question 20

Integumentary System

Answer 20

Skin, nails, and glands

Question 21

Integumentary System Functions

Answer 21

1. Forms a protective covering for the body
2. Regulates body temperature
3. Manufactures vitamin D

Question 22

Respiratory System

Answer 22

Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, and lungs

Question 23

Respiratory System Function

Answer 23

Performs respiration which provides for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the body

Question 24

Urinary System

Answer 24

Kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra

Question 25

Urinary System Functions

Answer 25

1. Removes waste material from the body 2. Regulates fluid volume 3. Maintains electrolyte concentration

Question 26

Reproductive System

Answer 26

Female: ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands Male: testes, urethra, penis, prostate gland, associated tubes

Question 27

Reproductive System Function

Answer 27

Heredity and reproduction

Question 28

Cardiovascular System

Answer 28

Heart and blood vessels

Question 29

Cardiovascular System Function

Answer 29

Pumps and transports blood throughout body

Question 30

Lymphatic/Immune System

Answer 30

Network of vessels, ducts, nodes, and organs

Question 31

Lymphatic/Immune System Function

Answer 31

Provides for defense against infection and drainage of extracellular fluid

Question 32

Digestive System

Answer 32

GI tract: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small/large intestines, anus Accessory organs: liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Question 33

Digestive System Function

Answer 33

Prepares food for use by the body cells and eliminates waste

Question 34

Musculoskeletal System

Answer 34

Muscle, bones, and joints

Question 35

Musculoskeletal System Functions

Answer 35

1. Provides movement and framework for the body 2. Protects vital organs (i.e. brain) 3. Stores calcium 4. Produces RBC

Question 36

Nervous System

Answer 36

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory organs (eye, ear)

Question 37

Nervous System Function

Answer 37

Regulated specific body activities by sending and receiving messages

Question 38

Endocrine System

Answer 38

Glands that secrete hormones

Question 39

Cranial Cavity

Answer 39

Space inside the skull/cranium containing the brain

Question 40

Spinal Cavity

Answer 40

Space inside the spinal column containing the spinal cord

Question 41

Thoracic Cavity

Answer 41

Space containing the heart, aorta, lungs, esophagus, trachea, bronchi, and mediastinal area

Question 42

Abdominal Cavity

Answer 42

Space containing the stomach, intestines, kidneys, adrenal glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and ureters

Question 43

Pelvic Cavity

Answer 43

Space containing the urinary bladder, certain reproductive organs, parts of the small/large intestines, and anus

Question 44

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Answer 44

Pelvic and abdominal cavities