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BDS Finals > PMHP > Flashcards

PMHP Flashcards

1
Q

Key characteristics of a systematic review (5)

A
  1. Well formulated question
  2. Comprehensive search
  3. Unbiased selection
  4. Assessment of papers
  5. Synthesis of data
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2
Q

PICO

A

Population
Intervention
Comparison
Outcome

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3
Q

Dichotomous data

A

Binary

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4
Q

Continuous data examples

A

Blood pressure
Weight

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5
Q

Summary statistics used for dichotomous data (5)

A

OR
RR
RRR (Relative risk reduction)
RD (absolute risk difference)
NNT (1/RD)

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6
Q

Summary statistics for continuous data (2)

A
  1. Weighted mean difference
  2. Standardised mean difference
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7
Q

Sensitivity analysis

A

Does the result change according to small variations in the data and methods?

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8
Q

4 ingredients of resilience

A

Awareness
Thinking
Reaching out
Fitness

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9
Q

Name a common model used for risk factors

A

Dahlgren-Whitehead Rainbow

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10
Q

Access aids to the mouth for special care patients (3)

A
  1. Bedi shield
  2. Open wide mouth rests
  3. Head support
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11
Q

Clinical Holding

A

Physical holds used to assist a pt in receiving dental care where the patients behaviour may present a safety risk to themselves or the dental team

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12
Q

Assessment of learning disability (7)

A
  1. Level of understanding
  2. Communication
  3. Physical and emotional access
  4. Co-operation
  5. Medical status
  6. Social status
  7. Dental status
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13
Q

Signs of pain from someone who cannot reliably communicate (4)

A
  1. Sleep interruption
  2. Changes in behaviour
  3. Rubbing of an area
  4. Pulling at an area
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14
Q

What should you document for examinations of people with learning/physical disabilities

A

What was examined and what was not - justification

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15
Q

Biopsychosocial Model

A

General acceptance that illness and health are the result of interaction between biological, psychological and social factors

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16
Q

Financial barriers for patients (3)

A
  1. Cost
  2. Travel
  3. Carers
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17
Q

Mental health barriers for older patients (3)

A
  1. Shame
  2. Confusion or lack of recall of conversations
  3. Public services perceived as inadequate
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18
Q

Oral Health Literacy

A

Degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process and understand basic oral health information and services

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19
Q

Barriers to effective communication (5)

A
  1. Limited time
  2. Financial incentives promoting tx over prevention
  3. Lack of OHL training
  4. Limited plain language pt education materials
  5. Pts with low OHL
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20
Q

Individual level barriers for pts with learning disability (4)

A
  1. Lack of consent
  2. Complicated MH
  3. Inability to co-operate with tx
  4. Inability to communicate dental pain
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21
Q

Facilitators of oral health care (4)

A
  1. Financial support
  2. Dentists chair side manner
  3. Community support
  4. Interprofessional communication
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22
Q

Aim of the guideline for use of GA in SCD (2)

A
  1. When should GA be used in SCD
  2. How should tx be delivered in SCD with GA
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23
Q

Communication aids for those with learning difficulties (5)

A
  1. Makaton
  2. Picture boards
  3. Talking mats
  4. Social stories
  5. Technology
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24
Q

For what patients is drooling more common (5)

A
  1. Developmental disability
  2. Cerebral palsy
  3. Progressive neurological conditions
  4. Parkinsons disease
  5. Motor neuron disease
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25
Q

What can oxygen therapy cause

A

Xerostomia

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26
Q

Open wide

A

Training resource and manual for the delivery of oral care for people with additional care needs

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27
Q

Empowerment for those with disabilities (4)

A
  1. Prompt
  2. Encourage
  3. Support
  4. Maximise the skills and ability of the person
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28
Q

Positioning for brushing teeth in patients with ASN (3)

A
  1. Support for body
  2. Head support
  3. Forward and down to prevent gagging
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29
Q

Behavioural strategies for those with disabilities (5)

A
  1. Bridging
  2. Chaining
  3. Hand over hand
  4. Distraction
  5. Rescuing
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30
Q

Bridging

A

Demonstrate a behaviour yourself and give the pt what they need to mirror the behaviour

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31
Q

Chaining

A

Bringing the persons hand to their mouth while describing the activity

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32
Q

Hand over hand

A

Place your hand over their hand and gently brush their teeth

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33
Q

Where to start with toothbrushing in pt with ASN (4)

A
  1. Small head
  2. Soft brush
  3. Flavourless toothpaste
  4. Start at back and move forward
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34
Q

How to make oral care a positive habit (3)

A
  1. Cue
  2. Repetition
  3. Reward
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35
Q

Facilitating behaviour change (5)

A
  1. Supportive and stable environments
  2. Piggyback it onto an already positive experience
  3. Make it easy/achievable
  4. Unique and personalised queues
  5. Practice and repeat
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36
Q

DisDAT

A

Disability Distress Assessment Tool

37
Q

ART

A

Atraumatic Restorative Treatment

38
Q

What is addiction

A

Chronic, primary, neurobiological condition influenced by genetic, psychosocial and environmental factors

39
Q

3 different ways drugs can be classified

A

Behavioural
Pharmacodynamic
Legal

40
Q

Complications of injecting drugs (3)

A
  1. Cellulitis
  2. Abscess
  3. Thrombophlebitis
41
Q

DCR

A

Drug consumption room

42
Q

HAT

A

Heroin assisted treatment

43
Q

Alcohol misuse

A

Excess of 5 units per day

44
Q

Alcohol amount guidance

A

14 units per week with 2 alcohol free days

45
Q

Signs of substance misuse (5)

A
  1. Requesting specific drugs
  2. Loss of reliability
  3. Tremors
  4. Altered pupils
  5. Puncture marks
46
Q

Barriers to dental care for drug users (4)

A
  1. Chaotic lifestyles
  2. Fear or prejudice
  3. Poor attendance and compliance
  4. Cost
47
Q

Consent for drug dependent users

A

Capacity unlikely if pt currently under the influence - postpone tx

48
Q

LA in opioid users

A

Can have LA resistance

49
Q

LA in cannabis users

A

LA with adrenaline can prolong tachycardia

50
Q

LA in alcohol misusers (3)

A

Care with LA that is metabolised in the liver
Keep doses to minimum
Avoid IDB in coagulation defects

51
Q

Scheduling appointments for alcoholics

A

Morning appointments as they’re less likely to be under the influence

52
Q

Dental advice for methadone users (4)

A
  1. Straw
  2. Drink water after consumption
  3. Don’t brush immediately after
  4. Engage with dental services
53
Q

LA in patients who use cocaine, ecstasy, methamphetamines

A

Avoid adrenaline containing LA

54
Q

Populations at risk of ineffective endocarditis (4)

A
  1. Previous IE
  2. Prosthetic valves
  3. Congenital heart disease
  4. Ventricular assist devices
55
Q

Dental anxiety (2)

A

Emotional response to unknown danger
General and anticipatory

56
Q

Dental fear

A

Intense biological response to immediate danger which is specific

57
Q

Dental phobia

A

Overwhelming and debilitating fear

58
Q

MDAS (2)

A

Modified Dental Anxiety Scale
Scores between 5-25

59
Q

What age can the MDAS be used

A

16+

60
Q

Severe dental anxiety on MDAS

A

> 19 or 5/5 on LA question

61
Q

MCDASf (2)

A

Modified child dental anxiety scale faces version
Scores 9-45

62
Q

What ages can the MCDASf be used on

A

8-15

63
Q

Severe dental anxiety on MCDASf

A

> 27

64
Q

General approaches to anxiety (2)

A

Pharmacological
Psychological

65
Q

Building blocks of fear and anxiety (5)

A
  1. Situation
  2. Thoughts
  3. Physical sensations
  4. Emotions
  5. Behaviours
66
Q

Feared hierarchy (2)

A
  1. Create a fear ladder
  2. Expose pt to small things and gradually work your way up
67
Q

DFA

A

Dental fear and anxiety

68
Q

Dimensions of healthcare quality (6)

A

Person centred
Safe
Effective
Efficient
Equitable
Timely

69
Q

Factors contributing to adverse events (3)

A

Human factors
Structural factors
Clinical factors

70
Q

Components of clinical governance (6)

A

Education & training
Risk Management
Research & development
Clinical effectiveness
Clinical audit
Openness

71
Q

Quality standards - process (3)

A

Setting
Delivering
Monitoring

72
Q

GDC CPD highly recommended topics (3)

A
  1. Medical emergencies (10+/cycle and 2+/year)
  2. Decon (5+/cycle)
  3. Radiography and radiation protection (5+/cycle)
73
Q

SDRS

A

Scottish Dental Reference Service
Review a sample of patients each year

74
Q

Audit Cycle (5)

A
  1. Identify problem
  2. Set standards
  3. Observe practice/collect data
  4. Compare performance with standard
  5. Implement change
75
Q

Timeline for complaints (3)

A

Acknowledged within 3 days
Quick resolution - 5 days
Respond asap - no more than 20 days

76
Q

Time limit for Dental Complaints Service

A

12 months

77
Q

Main 3 questions for complaints (3)

A
  1. What specifically
  2. Expected outcome
  3. Is it realistic
78
Q

Complaints should be

A

Investigated

79
Q

If pt unsatisfied with complaint handling (2)

A

Ombudsman for Health Service Complaints
Dental Complaints Service

80
Q

If a complaints can’t be resolved quickly

A

Give them regular updates (at least every 10 days)

81
Q

Key teeth to retain for QoL (3)

A
  1. Occluding pairs
  2. Number
  3. Anteriors
82
Q

GA in elderly - complications

A

Complications increase with age

83
Q

Domiciliary care patients (4)

A
  1. Bedbound
  2. O2 therapy
  3. Hospitalised
  4. Agoraphobia
84
Q

Frailty phenotype (5)

A
  1. Exhaustion
  2. Reduced grip strength
  3. Weight loss
  4. Low activity
  5. Slow gait
85
Q

Clinical Frailty Scale

A

1 - 9
From very fit to terminally ill

86
Q

Geriatric Giants now known as

A

Frailty Syndromes

87
Q

Frailty Syndromes (5)

A
  1. Falls
  2. Immobility
  3. Delirium
  4. Incontinence
  5. Susceptibility to side effects (poly pharmacy)
88
Q

CGA

A

Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

BDS Finals (23 decks)

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