Body Systems Flashcards
1
Q
Arthritis Definition
A
Inflammation of the joints
2
Q
Arthrosis Definition
A
Non-inflammatory joint disease
3
Q
Arthralgia Definition
A
Joint pain
4
Q
Osteoclasts
A
Remove bone
5
Q
Osteoblasts
A
Build bone
6
Q
What minerals are needed for bone deposition (3)
A
Calcium
Phosphate
Vitamin D
7
Q
Osteomalacia (3)
A
Poorly mineralised osteoid matrix and cartilage growth plate
Can be called rickets if it occurs during bone formation
Related to calcium deficiency
8
Q
Osteoporosis
A
Loss of mineral and matrix
9
Q
Bisphosphonate Use
A
Used to treat bone diseases like osteoporosis
10
Q
Gout
A
Uric acid crystal deposition in joints
11
Q
Dental aspects of gout (2)
A
Avoid aspirin
Medication may cause oral ulceration
12
Q
Dental aspects of osteoarthritis (2)
A
Bleeding tendency
Oral ulceration possible due to NSAIDs
13
Q
Dental aspects of SLE (systemic lupus erythematosis) (6)
A
- Oral ulceration
- GA risk
- Bleeding tendency
- Impaired drug metabolism
- Dryness, soreness
- Buccal and palatal lesions
14
Q
Dental aspects of Sjogens Syndrome (7)
A
- Oral infection
- Caries risk
- Denture retention
- Salivary lymphoma
- Sialosis
- Xerostomia
- Candidiasis risk
15
Q
Sialosis (3)
A
- Salivary gland disease
- Asymptomatic
- Non-inflammatory
16
Q
Dental aspects of systemic sclerosis (4)
A
- Swallowing difficulties
- Erosion
- Limited mouth opening and tongue movement
- Widening of PDL
17
Q
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
A
Demyelination of axons
18
Q
Dental aspects of MS (4)
A
- Limited mobility
- Treat under LA
- Chronic orofacial pain
- Higher trigeminal neuralgia risk
19
Q
Dental aspects of motor neurone disease (2)
A
Drooling and swallowing difficulties
Muscle weakness in head and neck
20
Q
Dental aspects of Parkinson’s (2)
A
Tremor - difficulty accepting treatment
Dry mouth
21
Q
Dental aspects of antidepressants (4)
A
Dry mouth
Caries (lithium)
Sedation
Facial dyskinesias
22
Q
Epilepsy (3)
A
- Reduced GABA levels in brain
- Abnormal cell-cell message propagation
- Abnormal discharge from neurones in the brain
23
Q
Who is at risk of a febrile seizure
A
Children above 38 degrees
24
Q
Classification of epilepsy (3)
A
Tonic/clonic
Absence
Myoclonic/atonic
25
Dental complications of treatment for epilepsy (3)
Gingival hyperplasia (phenytoin)
Bleeding tendency (valproate)
Folate deficiency (rare)
26
How should you assess the risk of a fit for an epilepsy patient (5)
1. Good and bad phases
2. Last 3 fits
3. Compliance with medication
4. Changes in medication
5. Treat at times of low risk
27
Categories of mental health disorders
Neuroses
Psyhoses
28
Neuroses
Conditions where contact with reality is retained
29
Psychoses
Conditions where contact with reality is lost
30
Anxiolytic Drugs
Benzodiazepines
31
Drugs with pam ending
Anxiolytic drugs
32
Rheumatoid arthritis
Initially a disease of the synovium with gradual inflammatory joint destruction
33
Dental aspects of rheumatoid arthritis (5)
1. Bleeding risk - NSAIDs
2. Infection risk - steroids
3. Oral lichenoid reactions
4. Oral ulceration
5. Oral pigmentation
34
Dental aspects of ankylosing spondylitis (3)
GA risk
Limited mouth opening
Limited neck flexion
35
Bisphosphonates
Incorporated in skeleton
Inhibit bone turnover
36
Risk factors for MRONJ (8)
1. Extremes of age
2. Concurrent use of corticosteroids
3. Systemic conditions affecting bone turnover
4. Malignancy
5. Chemo and radiotherapy
6. Duration of therapy
7. Previous diagnosis of BRONJ
8. Drug potency and IV administration
37
Oral risk factors for MRONJ (6)
1. Invasive dental procedures
2. Dental trauma
3. Poor OH
4. Periodontal disease
5. Alcohol or tobacco use
6. Thin mucosal coverage
38
How to treat patients on bisphosphonates (3)
Warn patient of risk of BRONJ
Make sure they fully understand
Still treat
39
MRONJ
Medication Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
40
Most common physical impairment in children
Cerebral palsy
41
How can osteoarthritis be improved (2)
Pain improved with NSAIDs
Lose weight
42
Products of glycolysis
Glucose -> Pyruvate, NADH & ATP
43
Glycocalyx function
Adhesion and protection
44
Why should drug dosage be reduced for elderly patients
Reduced excretory capacity in kidney
45
Haemophilia A
Factor VIII
46
Haemophilia B
Factor IX
47
Types of cerebral palsy (4)
Spastic
Ataxic
Dyskinetic
Combined
48
Scurvy
Lack of vit C leading to defective collagen formation
49
Dental aspects of scurvy (3)
1. Loose teeth
2. Skin haemorrhages
3. Death
50
Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa (3)
1. Defect in collagen VII which anchors epidermic to dermis
2. Injuries lead to sever blistering of skin
3. Pts often malnourished due to trauma of epithelium
51
SLE
1. Systemic Lupus Erythematosis
2. Autoantibodies target host tissues
3. Target tissues - skin, bones, tendons, kidneys
52
Sjogrens
Autoimmune disease which affects glands which produce tears and saliva
53
Dental aspects of diabetes mellitus (3)
1. Periodontitis risk
2. Dry mouth
3. Infection risk
54
Dental aspects of Downs Syndrome
Early onset periodontitis
55
What is used to treat osteoarthritis
Prednisolone
56
Medical conditions that result directly in salivary gland problems (6)
1. Ectodermal dysplasia
2. Sarcoidosis
3. HIV
4. Amyloidosis
5. Haemachromatosis
6. Cystic fibrosis
57
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome
Complication of VCZ infection that results in inflammation of the geniculate ganglion of CN VII
58
Considerations for dental treatment for someone with type 1 diabetes (4)
1. Enhanced prevention
2. Time appts around blood glucose
3. GA
4. Anxiety
59
Considerations for dental treatment for someone with acute lymphoblastic anaemia (5)
1. Enhanced prevention
2. Time appts around treatment
3. Anxiety
4. Fatigue with care
5. Aggressive treatment planning against infection
60
Dental radiographic signs of hyperparathyroidism
Loss of lamina dura
61
Drug class ending in -aine
Anaesthetics
Lidocaine
62
Drug class ending in -azole
Proton Pump Inhibitor
Omeprazole
63
Drug class ending in -arin
Anticoagulants
Warfarin
64
Drug class ending in -oxetine or -ipramine
Antidepressants
Fluoxetine
65
Drug class ending in -one
Anti-inflammatory
Cortisone
66
Drug class ending in -olol
Beta blockers
Propranolol
67
Drug class ending in -erol
Bronchodilators (beta antagonist)
Albuterol
68
Drug class ending in -sone or -solone (3)
Corticosteroids
Can also have cort or pred in the middle
Prednisolone
69
Drug class ending in -semide or -thiazide
Diuretics
Furosemide
70
Drug class ending in -statin
Statins
Atorvastatin
71
Drug class ending in -dipine
Calcium channel blockers
Amlodipine
72
Drug class ending in -dronate
Bisphosphonates
Alendronate
73
Drug class ending in -fenac
NSAIDs
74
Drug class ending in -gliptin or -glitazone
Antidiabetics
75
Drug class ending in -mab
Monoclonal antibody
Infliximab
76
Drug class ending in -nazole
Antifungal
Fluconazole
77
Drug class ending in -pramine or -tyline
Tricyclic antidepressants
Desipramine
78
Drug class ending in -pril
ACE inhibitor
Ramipril
