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FINALS!!! > PMHP > Flashcards

PMHP Flashcards

1
Q

GDC standards

A

Put patients interests first
Raise concerns if patients are at risk
Obtain valid consent
Coomunicate effectively with patients
Clear and effective complaints procedure
Maintain, develop and work within abilities
Maintain and protect pt info
Work with colleagues in a way that puts patients interests first
Make sure personal behaviours maintain confidence in you and dental profession

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2
Q

Socio-econmic factors

A

income
housing
crime
employment
access to healthcare
education
health satus

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3
Q

Capacity

A

ability to make decision
able to understand decision
able to retain decision
able to communicate decision

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4
Q

Protected Charactersitcs

A

age
gender
disability
marriage
race
relgion
sexual orientation
gender reassingment
pregnancy

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5
Q

4 pillars of ethics

A

Justice
Beneficence
Pt autonomy
non malifienance

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6
Q

Consent must be

A

valid
informed
voluntary
not manipulated
not cocerced
with capacity

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7
Q

Internal lotus of control

A

own resposibility

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8
Q

External lotus of control

A

to do with luck

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9
Q

Fluoride given in

A

milk
water - 1ppm
salt
varnishes - 22600ppm
gels - 12300ppm
toothpaste
mouthwash - 225ppm <7years no

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10
Q

<0.3ppm in water tablets

A

0-6 mnonths - 0,g
6-3years - 0.25mg
3-6years - 0.50mg
+6 years 0 1mg

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11
Q

<0.6ppm in water tablets

A

0-6months = 0mg
6-3 years = 0mg
3-6years = 0.25mg
6+ years = 0.50 mg

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12
Q

What is clinical goverance

A

a systemic approach to maintaining and improving the qulaity of patient care within a healtchare system

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13
Q

6 dffierent areas of clincal governace

A

openess
clinical audit
clinical effectivness
research and devlopment
risk mangement
education and training

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14
Q

Dimensions of clincal governance

A

Person centred
Safe
Efficient
Effective
Equitable
Safe

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15
Q

Veriable hours of CPD

A

100 hours

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16
Q

What are mandotory CPD sections

A

medical emergencies
decontamination
radiology and radiation protection

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17
Q

Extra areas of CPD sections

A

complaints handling
oral cancer - early detection
Legal and ethical

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18
Q

7 steps of critical incident review

A

identify event
collect and collate info
set up meeting and discuss
make and undertake structure analysis
implement changes and monitor
write up significant event anaylsis
seek external feedback

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19
Q

What is a clinical audit

A

quality improvement process that improves pt care and outcomes through sytstmeic review of care against criteria

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20
Q

Clinical audit cycle

A

identify problem or issue
set criteria and standards
observe current practice
compare performance with standards
identify changes ad implement
repeat audit at set intervals

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21
Q

What does a clincial audit observe gaps in

A

knowledge
attitude
protocol
trianing
learnining

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22
Q

Prevalence

A

measure of individuals with a disease at a time (devlopment of a hypothesis)

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23
Q

Incidence

A

number of new diseases developing over a time

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24
Q

Confounding vairiables

A

particular type of extranesous variable that has been left uncontrolled

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25
Q

Null hypothesis

A

general statement suggesting no statistical significance in set of data

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26
Q

Absolute risk difference

A

overlap 0 = unsufficient evidence

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27
Q

Risk factor/ odd ratio

A

overlap 1 = unsifficent evidence

28
Q

Confiidence interval

A

shows how confident you can be with an estimate
Narrower = better
Wider confidence = smaller sample

29
Q

P value

A

small <0.05 - significant strong evidence

30
Q

RCT

A

gold standard - exlcusion/ inclusion
blinding
comparison
radomisation

31
Q

Highest level of cochrane study

A

cochrane review
(systemic review and meta analysis)

32
Q

Reduce bias by

A

double blinding
radomisation

33
Q

Type of bias would blinding prevent

A

selective bias

34
Q

What is a systemic review

A

type of literatre review that uses systemic methods to collect secondary data, crtically apparise and synthesis studies

35
Q

Key characterstics of systemic review

A

well formulated questions
comprehensive data search
unbiased selection and abstraction process
assessment of papers
sythesis of data

36
Q

Meta analysis - forest plot

A

process of using statisitical methods to combine results of different studies
improves precision

37
Q

What do weights in meta analysis account for

A

number of study participtants
number of events
standard deviation of outcomes mseasure

38
Q

Weights higher in meta analysis when

A

more particptiants
less variation

39
Q

Drink dirivng limit

A

80mg/100ml

40
Q

Screening tools for alcohol

A

CAGE
Fast alcohol screening test
Alcohol use disroders identification

41
Q

CAGE

A

Feel need to cut down
Annoyed at critisim of drink
guility about drinking
take early morning drink

> 2 = alcohol issue

42
Q

Medical and dental issues with alcohol

A

GI - liver and kidney issues
stomach or bowel cancer
oral cancer
heart problems
cirrhosis in hep c
excessive bleeding
poor wound healing
xerostomia
glossitis
angular chilitis
oral ulcerations
NCTSL

43
Q

Stages of change

A

pre contemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
action
Maintanance

44
Q

FRAMES - brief motivational intervention

A

Feedback
Responsibilty
Advice
Method of options
Empathetic
Self efficacy

45
Q

Tobacco triangle

A

Emotional attahcment
Habit
Chemical addiction

46
Q

Oral side effects of smoking

A

xerostomia
poor wound healing
perio
oral cancer
nictoninic stomatitis
hallitosis
blakc hairy tongue
discolouration
smokers melanosis

47
Q

General side effects of smoking

A

COPD
lung cancer
heart attack
stroke
stomach cancer/ulcer

48
Q

5 A’s for quitting smoking

A

Ask
Advise
Assess
Assist
Arrange a follow up

49
Q

% R’s for thinking quitting smoking

A

Relvance
Risk
Rewards
Roadblocks
Repititon

50
Q

Type of domestic abuse

A

verbal
emotional
physical
sexual
fincial

51
Q

Most at risk of domestic abuse

A

Women - younger
Pregnancy
women seperated
mental health issues
long term illness/disability

52
Q

Behavioural signs of domestic abuse

A

low self esteem, anxious, unease
alcohol
constant phoning or texting partner
missed appts
insist on female clincians
inapporpraite clothing to hide trauma

53
Q

Victims of domestic abuse signs

A

repeated injuries
TMJ problems
brusies at different stages of healing
orofacial pain
delay seeking help for injury
marks on ears
facial brusing or stange marks around neck

54
Q

AVDR domestic abuse

A

Ask - non judgemental, private setting
V - validate - show them you are concerned
D - document - use pts own words, be speific and detailed
R - refer - signpositing (Scottish domestic abuse helpline, scottish womens aid)

55
Q

Clinical negligence

A

the dentist owed a duty of care
the duty was breached
that breach caused or materially contributed to damage (causation)
the damage was reasonably foreseeable and had negative consequences and effects

56
Q

Physical symptoms of stress

A

exhasution
GI issues
sleep issues
shortness of breath
skin issues
aches/pain

57
Q

Psychological symptoms of stress

A

touchy and irritable
lethargy
outburts of anger
screaming/shouting

58
Q

Burnout

A

a prevouisly commited professional disengages from their work in repsonse to stress and strain in their job

59
Q

Resilence

A

a process of adapting well in the face of adversity, trauma, tradgey, threats

60
Q

Direct discrimination

A

treating people less fairly because of a protected characterstic

61
Q

indirect discrmination

A

putting people witha protected charactersitc at an unfair disadvantage

62
Q

associate discrimination

A

because of another person’s protected characterstic

63
Q

Percieved discrimnation

A

when it is believed that a person has a protected characterstic

64
Q

Harrassement

A

through violating a person’s dignity or a degrading, humilitary, hostile or offensive environemnt

65
Q

Victimisation

A

detriment to a person who is making use of the equality act 2010 or is thought to be doing so

FINALS!!! (20 decks)

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