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PMHP Flashcards

1
Q

GDC standards

A

Put patients interests first
Raise concerns if patients are at risk
Obtain valid consent
Coomunicate effectively with patients
Clear and effective complaints procedure
Maintain, develop and work within abilities
Maintain and protect pt info
Work with colleagues in a way that puts patients interests first
Make sure personal behaviours maintain confidence in you and dental profession

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2
Q

Socio-econmic factors

A

income
housing
crime
employment
access to healthcare
education
health satus

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3
Q

Capacity

A

ability to make decision
able to understand decision
able to retain decision
able to communicate decision

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4
Q

Protected Charactersitcs

A

age
gender
disability
marriage
race
relgion
sexual orientation
gender reassingment
pregnancy

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5
Q

4 pillars of ethics

A

Justice
Beneficence
Pt autonomy
non malifienance

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6
Q

Consent must be

A

valid
informed
voluntary
not manipulated
not cocerced
with capacity

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7
Q

Internal lotus of control

A

own resposibility

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8
Q

External lotus of control

A

to do with luck

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9
Q

Fluoride given in

A

milk
water - 1ppm
salt
varnishes - 22600ppm
gels - 12300ppm
toothpaste
mouthwash - 225ppm <7years no

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10
Q

<0.3ppm in water tablets

A

0-6 mnonths - 0,g
6-3years - 0.25mg
3-6years - 0.50mg
+6 years 0 1mg

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11
Q

<0.6ppm in water tablets

A

0-6months = 0mg
6-3 years = 0mg
3-6years = 0.25mg
6+ years = 0.50 mg

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12
Q

What is clinical goverance

A

a systemic approach to maintaining and improving the qulaity of patient care within a healtchare system

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13
Q

6 dffierent areas of clincal governace

A

openess
clinical audit
clinical effectivness
research and devlopment
risk mangement
education and training

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14
Q

Dimensions of clincal governance

A

Person centred
Safe
Efficient
Effective
Equitable
Safe

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15
Q

Veriable hours of CPD

A

100 hours

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16
Q

What are mandotory CPD sections

A

medical emergencies
decontamination
radiology and radiation protection

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17
Q

Extra areas of CPD sections

A

complaints handling
oral cancer - early detection
Legal and ethical

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18
Q

7 steps of critical incident review

A

identify event
collect and collate info
set up meeting and discuss
make and undertake structure analysis
implement changes and monitor
write up significant event anaylsis
seek external feedback

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19
Q

What is a clinical audit

A

quality improvement process that improves pt care and outcomes through sytstmeic review of care against criteria

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20
Q

Clinical audit cycle

A

identify problem or issue
set criteria and standards
observe current practice
compare performance with standards
identify changes ad implement
repeat audit at set intervals

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21
Q

What does a clincial audit observe gaps in

A

knowledge
attitude
protocol
trianing
learnining

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22
Q

Prevalence

A

measure of individuals with a disease at a time (devlopment of a hypothesis)

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23
Q

Incidence

A

number of new diseases developing over a time

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24
Q

Confounding vairiables

A

particular type of extranesous variable that has been left uncontrolled

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25
Null hypothesis
general statement suggesting no statistical significance in set of data
26
Absolute risk difference
overlap 0 = unsufficient evidence
27
Risk factor/ odd ratio
overlap 1 = unsifficent evidence
28
Confiidence interval
shows how confident you can be with an estimate Narrower = better Wider confidence = smaller sample
29
P value
small <0.05 - significant strong evidence
30
RCT
gold standard - exlcusion/ inclusion blinding comparison radomisation
31
Highest level of cochrane study
cochrane review (systemic review and meta analysis)
32
Reduce bias by
double blinding radomisation
33
Type of bias would blinding prevent
selective bias
34
What is a systemic review
type of literatre review that uses systemic methods to collect secondary data, crtically apparise and synthesis studies
35
Key characterstics of systemic review
well formulated questions comprehensive data search unbiased selection and abstraction process assessment of papers sythesis of data
36
Meta analysis - forest plot
process of using statisitical methods to combine results of different studies improves precision
37
What do weights in meta analysis account for
number of study participtants number of events standard deviation of outcomes mseasure
38
Weights higher in meta analysis when
more particptiants less variation
39
Drink dirivng limit
80mg/100ml
40
Screening tools for alcohol
CAGE Fast alcohol screening test Alcohol use disroders identification
41
CAGE
Feel need to cut down Annoyed at critisim of drink guility about drinking take early morning drink >2 = alcohol issue
42
Medical and dental issues with alcohol
GI - liver and kidney issues stomach or bowel cancer oral cancer heart problems cirrhosis in hep c excessive bleeding poor wound healing xerostomia glossitis angular chilitis oral ulcerations NCTSL
43
Stages of change
pre contemplation Contemplation Preparation action Maintanance
44
FRAMES - brief motivational intervention
Feedback Responsibilty Advice Method of options Empathetic Self efficacy
45
Tobacco triangle
Emotional attahcment Habit Chemical addiction
46
Oral side effects of smoking
xerostomia poor wound healing perio oral cancer nictoninic stomatitis hallitosis blakc hairy tongue discolouration smokers melanosis
47
General side effects of smoking
COPD lung cancer heart attack stroke stomach cancer/ulcer
48
5 A's for quitting smoking
Ask Advise Assess Assist Arrange a follow up
49
% R's for thinking quitting smoking
Relvance Risk Rewards Roadblocks Repititon
50
Type of domestic abuse
verbal emotional physical sexual fincial
51
Most at risk of domestic abuse
Women - younger Pregnancy women seperated mental health issues long term illness/disability
52
Behavioural signs of domestic abuse
low self esteem, anxious, unease alcohol constant phoning or texting partner missed appts insist on female clincians inapporpraite clothing to hide trauma
53
Victims of domestic abuse signs
repeated injuries TMJ problems brusies at different stages of healing orofacial pain delay seeking help for injury marks on ears facial brusing or stange marks around neck
54
AVDR domestic abuse
Ask - non judgemental, private setting V - validate - show them you are concerned D - document - use pts own words, be speific and detailed R - refer - signpositing (Scottish domestic abuse helpline, scottish womens aid)
55
Clinical negligence
the dentist owed a duty of care the duty was breached that breach caused or materially contributed to damage (causation) the damage was reasonably foreseeable and had negative consequences and effects
56
Physical symptoms of stress
exhasution GI issues sleep issues shortness of breath skin issues aches/pain
57
Psychological symptoms of stress
touchy and irritable lethargy outburts of anger screaming/shouting
58
Burnout
a prevouisly commited professional disengages from their work in repsonse to stress and strain in their job
59
Resilence
a process of adapting well in the face of adversity, trauma, tradgey, threats
60
Direct discrimination
treating people less fairly because of a protected characterstic
61
indirect discrmination
putting people witha protected charactersitc at an unfair disadvantage
62
associate discrimination
because of another person's protected characterstic
63
Percieved discrimnation
when it is believed that a person has a protected characterstic
64
Harrassement
through violating a person's dignity or a degrading, humilitary, hostile or offensive environemnt
65
Victimisation
detriment to a person who is making use of the equality act 2010 or is thought to be doing so

FINALS!!! (20 decks)

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