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FINALS!!! > Extra werid panic revision!!!!! > Flashcards

Extra werid panic revision!!!!! Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial nerves

A

olfactory
optic
occluotor
trochlear
trigeminal
abuducens
facial nerve
vestibuchoclear
glosspharyngeal
vagus
accesory nerve
hypoglossal nerve

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2
Q

Olfactory

A

test by sense of smell

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3
Q

optic nerve

A

test reactivity of pupils - vision

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4
Q

Occulomotr nerve

A

eye moevement

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5
Q

trochlear

A

superior oblique eye movement

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6
Q

Trigeminal nerve

A

sensory - press on each side of face in the 3 divisions
motor - clench teeth - palpate (masseter and temporalis), openand close jaw (lateral and medial pterygoid)
coroneal relfex test

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7
Q

Abuducens

A

lateral rectus eye movement

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8
Q

Facial nerve

A

eyes shut
blinking eyes
purse lips
smile
raise eyebrows

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9
Q

Vestibuchoclear

A

hearing

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10
Q

Glossopharygeal nerve

A

taste to posterior 1/3rd of tongue
ahh and soft palate look

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11
Q

Vagus

A

soft palate, pharynx and larynx
vocal cord movement

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12
Q

Acessroy

A

trapezius and sternocloediomastoid muscle
shurg shoulders, move head to side with resistance, tip chin down towards chest

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13
Q

Hypoglossal

A

stick tongue out - control movement of tongue

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14
Q

Factors for oral cancer

A

betal quid
scoecionic satus
smokers
alcohol

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15
Q

Common sites ofr oral caancer

A

FOM
lateral border of tongue
HP
SP
Buccal mucosa
gingivae

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16
Q

Early symptoms of oral cancer

A

hoarseness of voice
non healing ulcers
red and white patches
rough/lumpy areas
crustted non healing lesionson limp
persistent soreness

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17
Q

Cohesive front on oral cancer

A

tissue extending at same pace - metastasis to lymph nodes unlikely

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18
Q

Non conhesive front for oral cancer

A

tissues not extending at same pace - more likly for metasisi spread to lymph nodes

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19
Q

Warts

A

HPV 2and 4

20
Q

Stage

A

Tumour size - 1<2cm, 2=2-4cm, 3=>4cm, 4= >4cm and local invasion
Nodal spread - 0=none, 1=<3cm single, 2a) 3-6cm one single, 2b = <6cm on one side, 2c) <6cm on both sides, 3= >6cm
Metasiasis - 0 = none, 1=spread

21
Q

Clincal stages of cancer

A

size
site
spread
tx options
multiple primaries

22
Q

Features when grading tumour

A

does it resemble the same function as tissue of origin
resembles of cells to the tissue orign

23
Q

Squamous cell papilloma

A

HPV 6,11,14
non malginaincy, benign tumour
cauliflower appearance

24
Q

Histo of squamous cell papilloma

A

finger like projectin - attached stalk process
epithelium - hyperplastic and keratinsied
no invasion or atypia
kolicytes present
pedunculatated/sessile - pink appearnace

25
Q

Biopsy for squamous cell papilloma

A

excisional biopsy

26
Q

Addisions’s disease signs and sympomts

A

weight loss
anorexia
body hair loss
hyerpigmentation
postural hypertension
weakness
lethargy

27
Q

What is addisons disease

A

disorder of the adrenal gland
it affects the production of cortisol and aldsoterone

cortisol - regulates bp, glucose and muscle stregnth
aldosterone - regulates sodium and fluid balance

28
Q

tx for adrenal insufficency

A

hydrocortisone and glucosteriod
20 -30mg per day

29
Q

Dental tx and addison’s diseases

A

Minor -scale and polish - take morn dose as norm and addiontal dose1hr beforehand and continue normal afterwards

Minor oral surgery - take nomral dose in morn and double dose 1hr ebforetx to max of 20mg and then double dose for 24hrs after tx

Major tx - managed in secondary care - IM or IV hydrocortisone before tx and double after tx

30
Q

Adrenal crisis signs and stmptoms

A

nasuea
vominting
loss of consciousness
shock
confusion

BLS and monitor
oxygen
50-100mg of hydrocrtisone IMand reeat every 6hrs

31
Q

Cushings syndrome

A

when the body has too much cortisol
weight gain and fat, decreases in sexual drive, easy bruishing and purple stretch marks, depression, weakness

tx - remove sterios slowly or if casued by tumour them remove that

32
Q

Conn’s syndrome

A

overporoduction of aldosterone - high BP and low potassium #excessive thrist, fatigue, urniation, muscle cramps, visual issues

Tx - with meds and chagne in lifestyle adn diet

33
Q

Infective endocariditis

A

inflammation of the lining of the heart that often involves the heart valves
streptocci or staphlyoccci bacteria

34
Q

Specific heart problems

A

hx of infective endocairiditis
cogentital heart disease - atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect
replascement heart valve therapy
diseases affecting the heart valves - stenosis, regurtitiation
hypertropic cardiomyopathy

35
Q

NICE guidlines state

A

there is no antiobitc prohylaxis rouninely given for dentalprocedures
uncertain if antibiotic prophylaixis works
antibiotic reisitance on increase
taking antibiotics carries its own risks

36
Q

Antibiotics prophylaxis tx

A

3g of amoxicillin oral powder sachet 60mins before procedure
or
clinmydacin capsules 300mg x2 60 mins before procedure

37
Q

IE sympomts

A

cough
shortness o fbreath
tiredness
muscle pain
petachie
fever and chills
heart murmur

38
Q

Hypercementosis

A

overproduction of cementum on the tooth root and is asymptomatic
occurs more in mandible and molars

39
Q

Casues of hypercementosis

A

fracture of teeth
occlsuion
root fracture repair
occlusal truama
pulp or perio disease

systemic - paget’s disease, goitre, gardner’s syndrome, RF, acrmegagly

40
Q

Symptoms of hypercementosis

A

bulbous roots and spcae of perio membrane

41
Q

Complications of hypercementosis

A

difficult xla due to fusion of roots with adj teeth
pulpal necrosis - due to blocking of apical formane
tooth section may be required to remove the tooth

42
Q

Constituents of LA

A

type - ester or amide
perservatives - bisulphite
vasocontritor - fleypressin or adrnealine

43
Q

How does La work

A

LA works by blocking nerve conduction by blocking volgate gated sodium ion channels
The LA is deposited and binds to the voltage gated sodium channels and prevents an influx of sodium ions
This blocks the action potential generation and propagtion
The block will continue as long as sufficent number of sodium ion channels are blocked

To block the action potential the la needs to work on serveal nodes of ranvier

44
Q

Alternatives to an idb

A

Gow’s Gate
Akonisi technique

45
Q

Maxiallry division of the trigeminal nerve

A

foramen rotundum

46
Q

Mandiblaur division of the trigeminal nerve

A

foramen ovale

47
Q

How La works

A

LA works by blocking nerve conduction by blockig the volgated gated sodium channels
La bigs to the sdoium ions
The la block the sodium ion channels and prevents an influx of sodium ions
the blocks action potentional generation and propgation
The block wil last as long as the sodium channels are blocked

The action otentials are blocked depending on number of noes of ranvier the la works with

FINALS!!! (20 decks)

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