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Home Inspection > Plumbing > Flashcards

Plumbing Flashcards

1
Q

Water mains are this big in diameter

A

4 to 12 inches

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2
Q

Smaller pipes (half inch to three-quarter inch) run from city mains into buildings at how many psi

A

40 to 70 psi

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3
Q

Where was lead piping used up until the 1950s

A

Between the street main and house

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4
Q

Copper piping’s life expectancy is indefinite, unless

A

It is in harsh water or soil (20 years)

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5
Q

What is galvanized?

A

Zinc coated

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6
Q

Is galvanized steel used as service pipe

A

No, but there may be galvanized, steel fittings used

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7
Q

Service piping materials

A

PB (polybutylene)
PE (polyethylene)
PEX (cross linked polyethylene)
PVC (polyvinyl chloride)
CPVC (chlorinated PVC)

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8
Q

Water accumulating in the basement or a wet spot on the lawn indicates

A

Supply leak

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9
Q

Supply leaks may be caused by

A

Building settlement
Excavation
Connections
Valves

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10
Q

What piping does the homeowner own

A

Everything within the property line

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11
Q

Poor water pressure in house could be caused by

A

Closed or obstructed valve in the street or a blockage

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12
Q

What happens when a city water main is undersized

A

Every home in the neighbourhood will have low pressure.

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13
Q

Why might an older home have low pressure

A

A single supply line used to split to feed two houses which might not be adequate anymore

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14
Q

How much bigger is a three-quarter inch pipe half inch pipe

A

More than twice as big
(pi x (r)2= square inches

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15
Q

Where municipal pressure is above 80 psi what is required

A

A pressure regulator

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16
Q

What sits right after a pressure regulator?

A

A pressure relief valve with a discharge pipe to a drain

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17
Q

Why might a service pipe freeze?

A

Some extend above grade before entering house. They might be too close to grade as well.

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18
Q

Water from Wells is pumped into a

A

Pressure tank (storage tank)

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19
Q

Older well pumps are these

A

Reciprocating or piston type lift pumps

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20
Q

Newer well pumps are these

A

Centrifugal

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21
Q

Shallow well pumps use these.

A

Reciprocating or centrifugal (single pipe jet pump)

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22
Q

Deep well pumps use these

A

Centrifugal (two line jet, or submersible)

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23
Q

Amount of well water depends on

A

Amount of water and well and recovery rate

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24
Q

What is a storage (pressure) tank for

A

Provides an air cushion so the pump doesn’t have to come on every time a faucet is opened

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25
Q

With no pressure tank, what would happen

A

Water pressure would vary quickly and cycle on and off frequently

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26
Q

Can you compress water?

A

No

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27
Q

Modern tanks have these to prevent air from being dissolved into water

A

Diaphragm or a bladder

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28
Q

What does waterlogged mean?

A

Air in tank is absorbed into water. (tank is nearly full.)

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29
Q

What can a waterlogged pressure tank result in?

A

Short cycling of the pump

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30
Q

What are some common reasons for a pump short cycling?

A

Foot valve leaking
Pressure tank waterlogged
Pump has lost its prime
Pressure switch is faulty

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31
Q

What is a foot valve?

A

At the bottom of the well

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32
Q

What is a sign of a well running close to dry

A

The water may be dirty

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33
Q

What is done to minimize corrosion on tanks

A

Insulated

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34
Q

Are main shut off valves tested during the home inspection and why

A

No. They often leak when operated

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35
Q

Describe a stop and waste valve

A

Has a bleed valve downstream of valve for draining water out of supply pipes for repairs.

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36
Q

Should a stop and waste valves be used where valve may become submerged? And why?

A

Should not be used where valve may become submerged. Waste creates a potential for a cross connection.

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37
Q

What is a potential cause for poor water, pressure with older galvanized steel supply pipes

A

Rust. Which chokes diameter

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38
Q

Rust happens soonest on what pipes

A

Pipes carrying hot water, horizontal pipes, and at threaded (thinner) sections

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39
Q

What does brownish colour in the water specially, after days of inactivity indicate

A

Rust

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40
Q

Copper piping has soldered connections. Are the walls thinner or thicker than galvanized steel?

A

Thinner

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41
Q

PEX and PB pipe use these fittings

A

Mechanical (crimp and compression)

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42
Q

If plastic pipes freeze, are they more or less likely to burst and split than copper

A

Less

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43
Q

This type of piping has a history of failed fittings

A

PB

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44
Q

This type of piping is not as flexible as PB or PEX and fittings are solvent welded (glued) rather than press on

A

CPVC

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45
Q

PE and PVC are only suitable for these

A

Waste underground service pipes, or cold water systems

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46
Q

What is water flow defined as

A

Gallons per minute (size and shape of faucet opening and pressure)

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47
Q

City water supplies pressure

A

40 to 70 psi

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48
Q

Normal pressure loss in homes is caused by

A

Elevation and friction (larger pipes lose less pressure)

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49
Q

How many psi to move 1 foot vertically

A

2.31 psi

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50
Q

What is the implication of sludge build up in the water heater?

A

Poor pressure. tank should be flushed annually

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51
Q

Can water softeners effect pressure

A

Yes, if not properly maintained

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52
Q

What are the implications of adding more plumbing fixtures?

A

Without enlarging or adding pipes, it can affect pressure

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53
Q

Will pipes leak the first time they freeze

A

No. They can swell up and leak the next time.

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54
Q

What might be the problem of pipes being installed in garage or crawlspaces

A

The spaces will be unheated and pipes may freeze

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55
Q

What could be a problem with remodelling a house in regards to pipes

A

Cutting off airflow around pipes could lead to freezing

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56
Q

If a basement still needs to be finished, why must cold water piping above ceiling be insulated?

A

To avoid condensation

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57
Q

What is the cause of Noisey pipes?

A

Not properly secured (stuff in newspaper or foam insulation)

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58
Q

What is water hammer also called

A

Hydrostatic shock

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59
Q

What is water hammer?

A

Noisy pipes when valves are shut off quickly

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60
Q

What is waterhammer caused by?

A

Large pressure at valve, low pressure, upstream the pipe. A small vacuum is created against the valve as water moves away from it. Result in cavitation as water is pulled back against valve again. Continues back-and-forth until shock waves diminish.

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61
Q

What can water hammer cause?

A

Damaged pipe connections and result in leakage

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62
Q

Does water hammer happen as valves are closed or opened

A

Closed

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63
Q

What fixes water hammer?

A

Air Chambers installed

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64
Q

Copper piping should not be supported with these

A

Steel hangers due to corrosion risks
(or touch heating ducts)

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65
Q

What should copper pipe be supported by?

A

Brass or copper hangers, not on nails or steel

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66
Q

Leak problems with polybutylene

A

Failure of plastic (acetal) fittings

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67
Q

Polybutylene crimp fittings should be this type

A

Copper. Older aluminum rings have been problematic.

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68
Q

Polybutylene insert fittings should be copper. What fittings cause leaks

A

Older polyacetyl (plastic)

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69
Q

These fittings work well, with polybutylene and copper piping

A

Compression grip fittings

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70
Q

What is cross connection?

A

Where waste water may enter in and contaminate supply water

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71
Q

What is cross connection avoided by?

A

Raising faucets above top of basin, and using overflows, anti siphon devices

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72
Q

Bidets have these to solve their cross connection issues

A

Vacuum breakers

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73
Q

If water supply is shut off and hoses left in a pail, cross connection can happen. What helps prevent this?

A

Backflow preventers (ie atmospheric vacuum)

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74
Q

Hot water combination heating systems are connected to a what? And with what safety device

A

Boiler. Backflow preventers stop cross connections.

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75
Q

These are not acceptable, hot water piping

A

Rubber hoses, plastic piping, PVC, PE

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76
Q

Are isolating valves operated by home inspectors

A

No. Due to leakage risks.

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77
Q

Three types of water heaters

A
  1. Storage type.
  2. Tankless
  3. Indirect. (Boiler that heats house) - combination
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78
Q

Water heaters can heat the house through these

A

Fan coil units
Radiant heating

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79
Q

Describe conventional water heaters

A

Stored in a tank, heated by a burner or element

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80
Q

Fastest rate of recovery for water heater, fuel sources

A
  1. Oil
  2. Gas
  3. Electric
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81
Q

Why do we want water heater to stay hot?

A

To prevent bacteria like legionnaires disease from growing in hot water

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82
Q

Dishwashers require up to 140°F so these are installed for other fixtures

A

Tempering valves to add cold water for other fixtures

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83
Q

Most oil and gas water heaters have to be vented into these

A

Chimneys with adequate draft

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84
Q

Are aluminum vents permitted for water heaters

A

No

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85
Q

Vent sections should be installed like this

A

Short, screwed together, and slope up quarter inch per foot minimum

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86
Q

Vents should extend how high above roof

A

2 feet above roof, and 2 feet above anything within 10 feet

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87
Q

Vents should extend at least how high above draft hood

A

5 feet above draft hood. Exhaust gases, spilling out at the draft hood or burner is dangerous.

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88
Q

Some modern gas water heaters have these that discharge through house walls (venting)

A

Induced draft fans in high temperature plastic venting

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89
Q

Should gas or oil water heaters be in sleeping areas?

A

No

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90
Q

Gas fired. Water heaters should be this high above floor level in garage

A

18 inches

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91
Q

Do water heater elements operate at the same time

A

No

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92
Q

How large should the temperature pressure relief valves be

A

As large as the tank fitting and the tube, and should never be threaded, capped or plugged

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93
Q

Alternative to relief valve

A

High temperature shut off

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94
Q

Life expectancy of water heaters

A

8 to 12 years

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95
Q

Describe tankless water heaters

A

Gas or propane fired with a burner, heat, exchanger, venting, controls

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96
Q

These water heaters are most efficient

A

Tankless

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97
Q

Where are tankless water heaters vented?

A

Through side wall of house or through roof, venting with specialized kits

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98
Q

Can tankless water heaters be mounted on the exteriors of houses

A

In modern climates yes

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99
Q

Do tankless water heaters require more or less gas than a tank type heater

A

More. A direct switch from storage tank to tankless will often not work, unless connected to a high-pressure system.

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100
Q

Tankless water heaters can clog with this

A

Scale. So annual descaling is recommended.

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101
Q

Tankless water heaters take more or less time to get hot water to faucets

A

More. Circulating loops help this.

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102
Q

Time to get hot water to faucet also depends on this

A

Climate. Colder climate to take longer with lower inlet temperature

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103
Q

Tankless water heater burners are triggered by

A

Sensors that detect flow of water, so water, saving showerheads might not trigger burners

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104
Q

Waste systems are divided into what two types

A

Blackwater = toilets
Gray water = bathing, washing

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105
Q

What’s the difference between new and old neighbourhoods for waste systems?

A

Old neighbourhoods have storm/sanitary sewer systems. Both go to treatment facility new developments, only treat the sanitary sewer and leave storm runoff.

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106
Q

Why is a basement flood of storms sewers less likely in newer homes?

A

New developments have separate sanitary storm runoff’s

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107
Q

What prevents basement back up from storms?

A

One way valves in flood drains, (or on mains) but backup could still happen bathroom fixtures

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108
Q

For separate sewers where should floor drains and downspouts go to

A

Floor drains go to sanitary sewer
Gutters/downspouts go into storm sewer

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109
Q

Why are sewer lines susceptible to be obstructed by roots or soil?

A

Lines from house to street are often clay in older homes

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110
Q

Can you add as many fixtures to your house as you want?

A

No. There are a limited number of fixtures that can discharge into drain pipes.

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111
Q

What are heavy solids in septic tanks called

A

Sludge

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112
Q

What are lighter solids called in septic tanks

A

Scum

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113
Q

What is fluid in between the lighter solids and heavy solids septic tank called

A

Effluent

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114
Q

What is effluent?

A

Shit water

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115
Q

Within septic tanks, majority of solids are broken down into gases and liquids due to

A

Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial action

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116
Q

What are the other names for septic field tile beds?

A

Leaching bed
Disposal field
Soil absorption field
Drainfield

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117
Q

Describe a septic field tile bed

A

Netwerk of perforated/open jointed pipes in trenches below ground to discharge effluent

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118
Q

These accelerate decomposition of solids in septic tanks

A

Agitators and aerators

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119
Q

What can be used to allow for smaller septic field tile beds

A

Special sand

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120
Q

A supply well, and tile bed should be kept how far away from each other

A

100 feet

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121
Q

Well, and septic tank should be kept how far away from each other

A

50 feet

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122
Q

Septic systems should be inspected and pumped how often

A

Inspected annually and pump every 2 to 4 years

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123
Q

Septic tank tile beds life expectancy

A

25 to 30 years

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124
Q

Why should bleaches and strong detergents be avoided with septic systems?

A

They kill bacteria in the tank

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125
Q

Can some septic systems connect to sewer systems

A

Yes

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126
Q

What does DWV stand for?

A

Dream, waste and vent piping.
Carry solid, liquid and gas waste out of building

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127
Q

This piping is good for venting, but poor for waste pipes

A

Galvanized steel (rust)

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128
Q

This piping works well for branch drain lines, stacks and vent piping where non-combustible is needed

A

Copper

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129
Q

This type of piping is most common. (May be noisy.)

A

Plastic. May be ABS or PVC.
Wrapping it with insulation helps

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130
Q

This piping employs a bell and spigot connection with oakum pack into joint and lead caulking

A

Cast iron

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131
Q

This piping has hubless pipe, joined with neoprene sleeves clamped over the joint

A

Cast iron

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132
Q

This type of piping was used due to resistance to corrosion and it’s workability. Prone to leaks.

A

Lead

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133
Q

What is the issue with just having a minimum waste pipe slope?

A

With house settlement slope can be lost and lead to leakage

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134
Q

What is a traps main purpose?

A

To prevent sewer odours from coming back through fixture drain

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135
Q

What are the different types of traps?

A

P traps
S traps
Drum traps

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136
Q

Which kind of trap is least susceptible to syphoning and obstructions

A

P traps

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137
Q

Do toilets require traps and why

A

No. Water and toilet bowl is a natural trap.

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138
Q

What helps prevent water from evaporating from the floor drain trap?

A

Primers

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139
Q

What is a primer for a trap?

A

Clear plastic to connected to laundry, tub faucet, etc. that allows some water into trap

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140
Q

What should be recommended if an S trap has syphoning problems?

A

Replace with a P-trap

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141
Q

These traps are not recommended for plumbing fixtures in homes

A

Bell traps
Drum traps
Crown vented traps

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142
Q

What is done when a house is winterized with supply?

A

Supply pipes are drained. Waste pipe traps can freeze use antifreeze.

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143
Q

Can you have two traps for one line

A

No. May produce chronic blockages.

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144
Q

Where should floor drains be and what should they have?

A

Provided at the lowest level of a basement with a grate over top

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145
Q

Venting performs what three functions

A
  1. Allows air in front of the water flowing through the waste pipe to be pushed out of the way.
  2. Allows air back into waste piping after water has gone by.
  3. Allow sewer gases to escape outside through a vent stack.
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146
Q

If a system is not properly vented, what will happen

A

Water will syphon out of the trap

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147
Q

The space between two traps forms, a vacuum when drained and water in the traps can be syphoned out. What prevents this?

A

A vent or AAV downstream of the trap that allows air in

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148
Q

All fixtures should be vented with the exception of

A

Some floor drains

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149
Q

These fixtures don’t need a separate vent

A

Any fixture within 5 feet of the main stack because the main stack acts as it’s vent

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150
Q

A vent should extend through the roof when fixtures are

A

More than 5 feet from the main stack

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151
Q

Water heater Vents may connect to a main stack above all the fixtures in the house. True or false

A

True

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152
Q

Syphoning or a gurgling sound when water is drained indicates

A

Venting problems

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153
Q

Sewer odour at fixture indicates

A

A trap or venting problem

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154
Q

These are mechanical devices that simulate vents

A

Air admittance valves

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155
Q

How do air admittance valves work?

A

They allow air to be drawn in under negative pressure to prevent siphoning, but prevent air escaping under positive pressure

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156
Q

Air admittance valves may be approved, but these are not

A

Automatic air vents

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157
Q

Vent pipes should extend at least how high up through the roof

A

6 inches

158
Q

When a vent extends through a roof that is used as a deck, it should extend how high above

A

7 feet!

159
Q

Vents should never terminate where

A

In an attic

160
Q

Vents should terminate how far away from doors or windows

A

3 feet above any door window within 10 feet

161
Q

Vents should be how far away from walls

A

12 inches

162
Q

Very long exposed vents may be subject to this

A

Frost closure in the winter (should be minimum 3 inches in diameter to lower risk)

163
Q

What are wet vents

A

Vents that also serve as drains

164
Q

Vents that run along the outside of a house are more susceptible to

A

Frost enclosure

165
Q

These are used where gravity cannot carry waste away

A

Sewage ejector’s (solid waste pumps) (shit flingers)

166
Q

Discharge lines should be equipped with what in what order

A

A union (connection fitting)
The check valve (prevents sewage from moving backwards)
Shut off valve

167
Q

What are sump pumps

A

These are used to lift storm water from a little spot into a storm sewer, or other discharge point

168
Q

Where are sump pumps located?

A

Located in a sump pit below basement floor level

169
Q

Sump pumps have what material tubs

A

Plastic or concrete

170
Q

Can foundation drainage tiles, and downspouts discharge into sump

A

Yes

171
Q

What is a basin?

A

Personal washing. “ lavatories”

172
Q

Sinks should have these to stop larger objects

A

Crossbar, strainer, or stopper

173
Q

Should sinks, have overflows

A

No. But they may have them for in between to side-by-side sinks

174
Q

What are gap fittings?

A

Fitting that projects 3 inches above sink that prevents backflow from dishwasher. Dishwasher has an integral backflow preventer.

175
Q

When an air gap device is not required, where should drain hose be secured?

A

Underside of countertop, creating a high loop to prevent backflow

176
Q

Leakage through a faucet means

A

Deteriorated washer

177
Q

Leakage around handle means

A

Deteriorated packing

178
Q

Modern faucets use these internal mechanisms to control water flow

A

A cartridge, ceramic disc, or ball valve

179
Q

These will keep desired temperatures when other faucets are used at the same time

A

Temperature or pressure sensitive mixing valves

180
Q

How are outdoor faucets kept from freezing in the winter with the shut off’s?

A

Water is shut off by another valve in the building interior during the winter with the outside valve left open for water to escape. Inside shut off may have bleed valve.

181
Q

Describe frost proof hose bibs

A

Have long stem that penetrates through building wall and are sloped

182
Q

Some jurisdictions require these for outdoor faucets

A

Backflow preventer’s

183
Q

Most toilets are made of

A

Vitreous China

184
Q

What is the cause of a toilet running continuously and the ramifications

A

Leakage from tank into bowl.
Condensation problems and a great deal of wasted water

185
Q

Where is leakage usually on bathtub enclosures

A

Between the tub and tile enclosure

186
Q

Where drywall is used behind the tub tile, what is used?

A

Water, resistant type (green drywall) or cement board

187
Q

Where is a weak spot for water in bath tub enclosures?

A

Between the tile and tub

188
Q

Will caulking deteriorate over time

A

Yes.

189
Q

Shower stalls have these to catch leakage

A

Lead (traditional) or neoprene (modern) pan around bottom of stall, which extends up at 6 inches on all sides to catch leakage

190
Q

What is a whirlpool bath?

A

Conventional bathtub with circulating pump and supply Jets and return intake

191
Q

In some cases what might need to be done for a whirlpool bath

A

Floor may need to be strengthened to carry the load

192
Q

Whirlpool baths should have this for servicing

A

Service door to the pump

193
Q

Bathroom fans should provide how many air exchanges per hour

A
  1. Air changes per hour.
    Replace air every five minutes
194
Q

Do kitchen fans have a filter

A

Yes

195
Q

Do kitchen fans discharge into chimneys

A

No

196
Q

What are the implications in the kitchen fan is too powerful

A

May cause furnaces to Backdraft

197
Q

These run from branch lines to fixtures

A

Individual risers (supply tubes)

198
Q

How do supply pipes help maintain constant pressure

A

By decreasing in diameter as they get farther from trunk lines

199
Q

Should hot and cold water pipes run together

A

They should be kept at least 6 inches apart so they don’t transfer heat or cold

200
Q

What is soldering copper also called

A

Sweat fitting

201
Q

These pipes are allowed as drain pipes, but not as supply

A

PVC
CPVC is accepted by some codes

202
Q

This kind of pipe is used for tank and branch distribution

A

Rigid piping

203
Q

This kind of piping is main water line that feeds into manifold with supply lines to fixtures

A

Pex

204
Q

Why does PEX save water and energy?

A

Because it doesn’t rely on large pipes, so it delivers hot water quickly

205
Q

Shut off valve at main is also called

A

Curb valve

206
Q

Inside the house where the main emerges is called

A

Inlet

207
Q

Where are metres located?

A

Before the main branches off, because they measure total consumption

208
Q

What should inspectors determine on the observable service piping?

A

Location, size, composition, and condition

209
Q

Houses with less than this inner diameter of water supply piping will have reduced flow when operating several fixtures at once

A

Three-quarter inch inner diameter

210
Q

House Main will likely be these metals

A

Iron or brass (magnet can distinguish) copper, lead

211
Q

Badly deteriorated pipes may have these

A

Pinhole leaks on their length

212
Q

What will dilute copper in water do in pipes

A

Accelerate galvanic action (corrosion) inside steel pipes, and hasten their ends

213
Q

How can you recognize lead pipes?

A

Scrape them with a hard edge. Lead is soft so they will scrape and show silver and gray.

214
Q

How can you tell if they are lead pipes at joints?

A

Lead pipes balloon (bulge) gently and bulged joints will be near foundation or metre

215
Q

How to check water pressure

A

Check with the gauge on an outside faucet (40 to 80 psi is normal)

216
Q

Where should regulators be and what should they have?

A

On the house side of shut off valve with a sand screen

217
Q

How should you test water flow?

A

Two cold faucets, and a toilet at the same time
And two hot water, faucets and shower at the same time

218
Q

Water heater, life expectancies

A

10 to 15 years

219
Q

Why should you check every faucet?

A

Even a small section of constricted, pipe can affect flow to fixtures

220
Q

What should a homeowner do to repair a major flow restriction?

A

It may be necessary to replace all galvanized piping, but start with exposed horizontal water piping

221
Q

Can connections with dielectric unions corrode

A

Yes, overtime with dilute copper in the water, but unions slow that down

222
Q

Where can you find supply risers and shut off valves?

A

Cabinets under sinks, and lavatories

223
Q

Where should you look in older homes for piping?

A

Access panels on back sides of tubs water walls where pipes are grouped

224
Q

Horizontal supports for copper and CPVC and PEX

A

Copper= 6’
CPVC= 3’
PEX= 32”

225
Q

What is corrosion of galvanized pipe from dilute copper in water called

A

Electrolysis

226
Q

When dissimilar metal water pipes are bonded, what is required and why

A

Copper jumper wire should be clamped pipe on both sides of dielectric union to ensure a continuous ground because it has a rubber bushing inside

227
Q

What can hard (acidic) water do inside of copper pipes

A

Pit and produce pinhole leaks and blue and green deposits

228
Q

Problem too much solder copper joints

A

Can weaken connection

229
Q

Why did polybutylene fittings deteriorate

A

Due to adverse reactions with oxidants (ie chorine)

230
Q

Why is CPVC good for hard water?

A

Because it won’t corrode from chemicals in the water

231
Q

Why is PVC not used as supply pipe?

A

Because it releases carcinogens

232
Q

This piping is used for radiant heating

A

PEX

233
Q

Inspect crimped fittings that join these

A

Manifold nipples, and adaptors to fixtures

234
Q

Why should PEX be covered quickly after installation?

A

It can break down when exposed to direct sunlight (within 30 to 90 days)

235
Q

Why can’t PEX be directly connected to gas or oil fired water heaters, and why should it be kept away from other sources of heat

A

I can melt when exposed to flames

236
Q

Most freeze resistant outdoor faucets have these the screw to the faucet spout

A

Anti-siphon devices

237
Q

Underground lawn water, sprinkler systems should have these on every water supply line

A

Antisiphon devices (vacuum breakers)

238
Q

Vacuum breakers on sprinkler systems must be where

A

At least 6 inches above the highest sprinkler head on the system

239
Q

UV rays degrade PVC plastic so this should be done to PVC sprinkler piping

A

Paint

240
Q

Should an inspector operate every plumbing fixture

A

Yes

241
Q

Inadequate flow and rust stains on fixtures indicate

A

Galvanized piping needs replacing

242
Q

If supply that comes from a well pulses what is the cause?

A

Pressure tank maybe waterlogged

243
Q

Blue/green deposits indicate

A

Hard acidic water dissolving inside copper pipes

244
Q

These prevent water hammering

A

Fixture supply pipes terminating in air Chambers or antiknock coils

245
Q

If water from spigot takes a long time to get hot, what might be the cause?

A

Supply pipes may be running through an unheated section

246
Q

What might be the cause of a popping sound

A

Support straps may be too tight. They expand from heated water, snag, and release.

247
Q

What is needed if adjusting water heater thermostat doesn’t work.

A

Anode rods may need replacing

248
Q

Every fixture supply riser should have

A

An angle stop (shut off valve)

249
Q

Whistling, sound or water running after tank is full=

A

Adjust fill valve

250
Q

Most dishwashers have these inside the unit

A

Integral heating elements that boost temperatures

251
Q

Why do electric water heaters last longer?

A

Because their elements are immersed in water, whereas others apply flame to the bottom of the tank. Expanding and contracting wears on the tank.

252
Q

What should you ask the homeowner for?

A

Installation records of water heater

253
Q

How can hard water shorten the lifespan of a water heater?

A

Minerals can build up on anode rods

254
Q

What are the implications of sediment buildup on the bottom of gas and oil fired burners

A

Insulate between the flame, which reduces efficiency, and can lead to leaks because it overheats the bottom of the tank. Homeowner should drain the tank.

255
Q

Where does a TPR sit in a tank

A

a sensor probe extends into the top 6 inches of water

256
Q

Where should a TPR valve not be mounted

A

Above the tank or installed in either the hot water outlet pipe or cold water inlet pipe

257
Q

Leaking TPR valve can be resolved by

A

Adding a water expansion tank

258
Q

What are some purposes of water expansion tanks?

A

Absorb increased volume created by thermal expansion
Help maintain, balanced pressure throughout the entire system

259
Q

Why should the TPR valve opening and discharge pipe slope downward?

A

So they don’t fill with standing water

260
Q

Leaking TPR valve may be defective, or it may be a result of

A

Minor spikes in tank pressure as when barometric pressures are low

261
Q

TPR discharge piping should be minimum what in inner diameter? And what should copper be?

A

Three-quarter inch minimum inner diameter
Copper should be replaced

262
Q

Which water heaters need flu pipes to vent gas

A

Oil and gas water heaters. Electric do not.

263
Q

How should you test the water heater?

A

Open the hot water faucet. Burner should ignite in five minutes.

264
Q

If a flue pipe terminates in a masonry chimney, there should be no gaps anywhere. What should be done if dark water, stains or creosote on the outside of flue pipe are noticed.

A

Chimney may need a cap

265
Q

Does flue piping always have to slope upwards for gas to rise naturally

A

No. It may have an exhaust fan.

266
Q

If a single wall metal flue pipe is used, what is needed

A

Minimum 6 inch between flue pipe and wood framing
Or upgrade to double wall type B piping

267
Q

Where a metal flue pipe exits an exterior wall, what is needed

A

Double wall, insulated adaptor (“thimble”)

268
Q

When a new water heater is installed, what should be done with the old flue draft diverter?

A

Should be removed

269
Q

After a burner fires for a few minutes, hold your hand 4 to 6 inches away from the draft diverter. If you feel hot exhaust, what might be the issue?

A

The flu may be blocked or there may be negative house pressure

270
Q

Most common cause of backdrafting, in older homes

A

Water heater in laundry room with exhaust fan and/or a clothes dryer

271
Q

What can a rusted out bottom of the water heater cause

A

Backdrafting buy water vapor, not being painted and collecting near the water heater and being drawn into burner

272
Q

Scorch marks on bottom of gas-fired water heater=

A

Flame rollout

273
Q

Most common cause of flame rollout

A

Missing access cover

274
Q

What are dip tubes?

A

Different length inlet tubes for water heaters

275
Q

Describe dip tubes function

A

Cold water tube, empties near the bottom of the tank so as water is heated, it rises in the tank to exit through a shorter dip tube near the top of the tank

276
Q

If the dip tubes are reversed

A

Reduces efficiency. Test by feeling tubes at entry.

277
Q

What problems do insulating blankets on water heaters cause

A

Retain moisture and cause rust. Covering the top of a water heater can obstruct the flow of air into the draft diverter and blocks flue venting.

278
Q

Why are rigid inlet, and outlet pipes not ideal

A

Flex water piping will resist, breaking in an earthquake. Rigid cannot.

279
Q

Pipe insulation will melt if too close to

A

Flue pipes or diverter

280
Q

Tankless water heaters may have separate intake and exhaust pipes, whereas some will have

A

A single concentric direct vent pipe (pipe within a pipe) to supply fresh air and exhaust combustion gas

281
Q

As trap arms leave, individual fixtures, they empty into

A

Branch drains, or a soil stack (main drain)

282
Q

Faecal matter and urine going to:
Waste water, but not soil goes into :

A

Soil pipes and soil stacks
Waste pipes

283
Q

Trap arm exit into a T fitting who is bottom leg and upper leg are these

A

Bottom leg is a branch drain
Upper leg is a branch vent

284
Q

How big should vents be?

A

Same size as their companion drains because they must admit enough air to offset that displaced by falling water

285
Q

DVW pipes are mostly

A

PVC or ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene)

286
Q

These are most often used to join DWV pipes

A

No-hub couplings (hubless connecters)

287
Q

Drain pipes slope down:
Vent pipes slope up :

A

Drain: 1/4” per foot
Vent: 1/8” per foot

288
Q

What are the implications of larger diameter drain pipes emptying into smaller ones

A

Blockage risks

289
Q

What are the waste pipes in between the building and main sewer called?

A

Sewer lateral’s

290
Q

What is the likely cause of a draining fixture causing a gurgling sound in an adjacent fixture or flushing one fixture causing water to suck out of another fixtures trap?

A

Clogged, undersized or missing vents

291
Q

Waist and drainage systems should be

A

Airtight

292
Q

PVC and ABS have specified adhesives, so take a note of

A

Different colours

293
Q

Can damaged DWV pipes be repaired

A

No. They should be replaced to ensure that they are airtight.

294
Q

Where should discharge piping of a sewer ejector terminate?

A

Above the waste piping and flow downward to prevent pressurization of waste piping

295
Q

This gas is sewer, gas

A

Methane

296
Q

Are flex waste lines permitted

A

No. Only smooth piping is suitable for draining.

297
Q

waste outflow pipes (drain pipes) must be this level

A

Lower than flood level of attached trap

298
Q

Clothes washer drains (standpipes) must have

A

Trap 6 to 18 inches above floor
Vertical pipe 18 to 42 inches above the trap
Piping should be larger than the washer drain

299
Q

What should you recommend and what should you ask for in regards to private wells

A

Water quality tested and water testing reports

300
Q

These can be a very big problem with private Wells, and there is no short term solution

A

Chemical pollutants in the aquifer

301
Q

What is an aquifer

A

Subterranean rock layers, where the ground water collects

302
Q

Why is simply tasting a glass of water not sufficient for testing private Wells?

A

Mini pollutants are odourless and colorless, especially when diluted in vast aquifer

303
Q

Shallow wells are more prone to this, and you should note this in your report

A

Water, stinking, tasting bad or is turbid (cloudy)

304
Q

What could be the cause of a toilet sweating?

A

Hotline accidentally connected

305
Q

Where is the clean out required?

A

Before line leaves the house

306
Q

What colour is polybutylene and where should you look?

A

Gray. Look at joints. Plastic joints are a problem.

307
Q

Where are the stacks and soil stacks

A

Stack is going up
Soil stack is below toilet. Has air moving through as well.

308
Q

What is a Venturi?

A

Low pressure side on a pump. Has a small opening in suction line.

309
Q

What is an impeller?

A

High-pressure side of a pump that feeds Venturi

310
Q

Three parts of the pump

A

Manual regulator, prime port, pressure controller

311
Q

Describe the difference between jet pumps and submersible pumps

A

Jet pumps have two lines and 3/4 of discharge water is fed back to Venturi
Submersible pumps are more efficient and have one line

312
Q

These types of clamps should support copper

A

Copper or plastic

313
Q

These pipes are cream, color, and resistant to corrosion

A

CPVC

314
Q

These pipes are less likely to have water hammer

A

PEX
CPVC

315
Q

If water comes out of the faucet over this temperature, recommend turning down thermostat

A

120 Fahrenheit

316
Q

These two things on a dielectric union separate the dissimilar metals

A

Insulating sleeve and washer

317
Q

Factors that affect supply

A

Pipe size, smoothness, changes of direction, pressure, height

318
Q

Water flow is measured in

A

GPM. Gallons per minute.

319
Q

Water pressure is measured in

A

Psi. Pressure per square inch.

320
Q

Should a home inspector operate shut off valves

A

No

321
Q

Describe how cast iron can corrode

A

Hydrogen sulfide gas can oxidize and produce sulphuric acid

322
Q

Negative pressure and gravity in relation to AAV

A

Negative pressure causes it to open and gravity close is it

323
Q

Anode rods are also called

A

Sacrificial rods

324
Q

A baffle is also called

A

Turbulator

325
Q

Document these things about the water heater

A

Name, capacity, age

326
Q

rumbling noise from water heater indicates

A

Sediment buildup

327
Q

Should there be vent pipes on every water heater

A

No. Not on electric.

328
Q

You should not have these vent pipes in attic’s or crawlspaces

A

Single wall vent pipes

329
Q

Can you have shut off valves before or downstream of TPR valve?

A

No

330
Q

TPR piping may not be shared with

A

Condensate drain or other relief valves

331
Q

TPR drain requirements

A

Must drain by gravity, and not run, uphill, or be trapped
May not drain to crawlspace, and the end should be visible.
Never downsize TPR discharge pipe
Not threaded at the end

332
Q

Can you use PVC on gas water heaters for the flue?

A

Yes. If it is power vented.

333
Q

When can you not use copper or brass for water heaters?

A

If there is a lot of hydrogen sulphide in the water

334
Q

Flexible, gas piping should not be longer than or extended through

A

Longer than 6 feet or extend through walls and floors

335
Q

Is the water softener before or after the water heater?

A

Before

336
Q

What pressure is desirable for supply?

A

60 to 80 psi

337
Q

Where should type L and type M copper be?

A

L= underground or outside (thicker)
M= inside (thinner)

338
Q

Which is more flexible PEX A or PEX B

A

PEX A

339
Q

What is a tail piece?

A

short pipe with a slip joint under the fixture that fits into P-trap by a flange connection

340
Q

Hot should be on this side of the fixture

A

Left. Unless otherwise marked.

341
Q

What is a toilet also called and what are the three types

A

Water closet
1. Closed coupled.
2. One piece.
3. Flushometre valve.

342
Q

Dishwasher should be connected with a

A

Wye fitting to the sink tail piece

343
Q

Dishwashers should have these installed

A

Airgap device or high loop

344
Q

What does a high loop do

A

Prevents backflow of water into dishwasher and prevents water from syphoning out of dishwasher. (They may have one pre-installed, but most require another in installation.)

345
Q

Exterior window on exterior wall at bathtub should be safety, glazed, unless

A

60 inches or higher

346
Q

Shower openings should be minimum this wide

A

22 inches

347
Q

What are closet bolts made of?

A

Brass. Resist corrosion.

348
Q

Waste from clothes washers should discharge water through

A

An air gap for air break into a standpipe or into the laundry tub

349
Q

Plastic bathtubs are made with

A

Fire resistant chemicals for exposure to plumbers torches

350
Q

Why are concrete laundry trays not permitted?

A

They do not permit a smooth sanitary surface

351
Q

Where does the exhaust from a gas burner in the dryer vent to?

A

Same vent as dryer vent. Make sure it’s clean.

352
Q

If a water heater has an exhaust fan, is it high-efficiency?

A

Not always. It might just be to direct vent outside the wall rather than the roof.

353
Q

What is scale

A

Mineral deposits in the water

354
Q

What are sacrificial anode made from?

A

Magnesium or aluminum

355
Q

What does a noble metal mean?

A

Resistant to corrosion

356
Q

Hot water pipe is attached to (in the tank)

A

Sacrificial rod

357
Q

Water heaters should not be in

A

Storage closets, bedrooms, bathrooms, or next to return air Plenum

358
Q

What is an FVIR

A

Flammable vapor, ignition resistant water heater. flame arrestor plate at the bottom of a water heater. (sealed combustion chamber.)

359
Q

What is a helix?

A

Slows flue gas is down for a better heat transfer

360
Q

The flue also acts as

A

A secondary heat exchanger in water heaters

361
Q

This is defined as a confined space

A

50 ft.³ per thousand BTUs per hour

362
Q

If all the combustion air is taken from the outdoor air, what is required for the water heater?

A

Openings 12 inches from the top and 12 inches from bottom of enclosure

363
Q

TPR discharges at these rates

A

210°F and 150 psi (TPR is located at top 6 inches of tank with the hottest water is)

364
Q

What is a watts210 valve

A

Installed in a gas supply line to the water heater (pressure shut off)

365
Q

1 in.³ of water can turn into how much steam

A

One cubic foot

366
Q

TPR should have amount of an air gap to the floor

A

6 inches

367
Q

What is a diffuser?

A

Connects to the flu at the top of the water heater

368
Q

Water can’t turn to steam until

A

Exposed to the atmosphere

369
Q

Some disinfectant can react with this piping, causing it to fail

A

Polybutylene

370
Q

Homeowners could be denied insurance with this piping

A

Polybutylene

371
Q

This is what makes polybutylene more susceptible to failures

A

Continuously, circulated, hot water with a circulating pump
Plastic fittings

372
Q

Pipes will say this information on it

A

Type and max temperature

373
Q

Hot water can cause what that will clog tankless heaters

A

Calcium carbonate

374
Q

Should you recommend a plumber to work on tankless?

A

No. They need a specialist.

375
Q

Three elements of exhaust

A

Sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, water vapour

376
Q

Why should exhaust gases not blow on condensing unit?

A

It could be pulled onto the condensing coil

377
Q

What should be done with mixing valves annually?

A

Exercise them

378
Q

These can be in place of expansion tanks

A

Expansion valves

379
Q

Dishwasher should go to the drain not the disposal. Why

A

Could drain the P-trap

380
Q

How long must a vertical vent be before it hits the transition on the water heater

A

12 inches

381
Q

Things that can go wrong with supply

A

Contaminated, low flow, leaks

382
Q

Common materials for service pipes

A

Copper, galvanized, steel, plastic

383
Q

Gas piping materials

A

Black steel, copper, plastic, coated Flexsteel

384
Q

Is clogged condensate collection system a problem with power vented or fan assisted water heaters

A

No

385
Q

Is a pressure limit switch essential for safe operation of gas water heaters

A

No

386
Q

Can a TPR discharge pipe be copper

A

Yea

387
Q

Do hot water heaters need an isolating valve on a water outlet

A

No

388
Q

What is the recovery rate?

A

Number of gallons that can be heated to 140°F in one hour

389
Q

Gas metre shouldn’t be in these locations

A

Under drip lines of roofs, or under or near sources of combustion (3 feet from)

390
Q

Is PVC allowed for supply

A

No

391
Q

Where does the drain from dishwasher terminate to?

A

Above the trap (upstream of trap, not downstream)

Home Inspection (13 decks)

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