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Home Inspection > Electrical > Flashcards

Electrical Flashcards

1
Q

Which slots in a receptacle are hot and neutral

A

Wide= neutral
Narrow= hot

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2
Q

How do you cut power

A

Switching off main breaker or removing fuse

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3
Q

Panel clearances

A

78” headroom
36” free space
30” across face of panel

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4
Q

How many wires in an overhead service (service drop)

A

3 wires- 2 hots and a neutral
2 wires- outdated

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5
Q

What material is a service neutral

A

Stranded aluminum with a steel core

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6
Q

Overhead servicewires must be how high

A

12’ above driveways
10’ above pedestrian walkways
18’ above swimming pools
3’ above operable windows

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7
Q

Describe in order from the service neutral primary to meter

A

Neutral primary
(Ground)
Transformer
Service drop
Splice point
Weatherhead
Meter panel

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8
Q

What can also serve as a service neutral

A

Messenger cable. (Bare steel wire)

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9
Q

Hots from meter attach to what on main breaker

A

Lugs or terminals

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10
Q

Neutral and ground bus must be

A

Connected together by the bonding jumper in the main panel only. In all other locations, they must be isolated from each other

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11
Q

What happens when a circuit is overloaded

A

Breakers trip or a fuse melts

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12
Q

What is the primary overcurrent protection

A

Main breakers or main disconnects

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13
Q

Photovoltaic

A

Solar systems. (Main breaker will not always de-energize panel)

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14
Q

What is a meter base and main breaker in a single box called

A

Meter/main

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15
Q

What will you see on a fuse if a circuit is overloaded

A

Filament will be separated

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16
Q

What are screw in and slide in fuses called

A

Screw-in = Edison type
Slide in= cartridge

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17
Q

Fuse with blackened interior=

A

Short circuit

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18
Q

2 wire service voltage
3 wire service voltage

A

2= 120 only
3= 240/120

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19
Q

Frequently blown fuses =

A

Overloaded circuit or short circuit

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20
Q

What should you do if a properly rated fuse blows when an appliance starts

A

Replace with a time delay fuse of the same rating

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21
Q

What are the hazards with double tapping breakers

A

Arcing and wires could melt instead of breaker tripping if there were an overloaded or short circuit

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22
Q

What hazards do missing cable clamps pose

A

Wires could be scored and pests could enter

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23
Q

What should cables be protected with when entering panels

A

Bushings/ strain relief clamps

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24
Q

What is the inside cover of a panel that protects from energized components called

A

Dead front

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25
Q

Many panels have a rating sheet listing

A

Compatible breaker brands and types

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26
Q

When 2 breakers are paired to protect a 240 volt circuit, they should be

A

Mechanically protected

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27
Q

What are used to protect multiwire branch circuits

A

Handle ties

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28
Q

Installing what in older panels can allow for installation of porcelain fuses

A

Type S fuses

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29
Q

What is “pennying” a fuse

A

When shit birds unscrew fuses and insert a penny then installs a fuse so current bypasses the fuse

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30
Q

What can grounding electrodes be

A

Metal underground water pipes
Ground rods
Ufer electrodes

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31
Q

Cold water pipes and gas pipes must be

A

Bonded to the grounding bus panel

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32
Q

Why are neutrals most likely to show signs of overheating

A

Because 2 hot wires can share a single neutral

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33
Q

Melted wire insulation is often caused by

A

Overfusing or arcing from loose connections

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34
Q

Double tapping wires is also called

A

Double tugging

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35
Q

Describe multiwire circuits

A

Pairs of 120 that share a neutral
Pairs of hot wires must originate from different poles

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36
Q

Why must multiwire circuits originate from different poles

A

To prevent overloading the neutral (240 potential between them)

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37
Q

Why are fused neutrals unsafe

A

Loose or missing neutral could make a circuit appear dead when it is not

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38
Q

Where should service panel ground and neutral wires be bonded together

A

In main panel. Not in subpenels or anywhere downstream. Neutral should be isolated to prevent current from being carried onto grounding wires and components

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39
Q

Fused neutrals are installed on both hot and neutral wires in some old panels. Why is this not safe

A

Because if a neutral fuse blows, the circuit will appear dead

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40
Q

In the main panel ground wires are attached to a neutral/ground busbar, which is bonded to the metal panel housing via a

A

Main bonding jumper

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41
Q

When metal water piping functions as a service ground what should you look for

A

Any sections of metal pipe replaced with plastic pipe. Grounding system should be updated

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42
Q

What should be installed when a dielectric union is used

A

Bonding jumper should jump around it if that is the system ground

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43
Q

What is the dielectric union

A

Attachment that prevents copper from corroding steel

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44
Q

What does GES stand for and what is its main function

A

Grounding electrode system. Low impedance path to ground

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45
Q

Describe Gecs

A

Number six AWG attached to 8 foot rod

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46
Q

What is a ufer

A

Concrete encased grounding electrode

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47
Q

Ground wires between the main panel and ground rod must be mechanically protected by

A

Being secured to the siding/running through conduit

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48
Q

What is NM cable

A

Non-metallic sheathing or Romex

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49
Q

Cables that run through walls and studs should be quarter inch away from face or

A

Have a metal nail plates

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50
Q

Do single gang plastic boxes require strain relief cable clips

A

No

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51
Q

Small gauge aluminum wire can be a fire hazard unless it is

A

Connected to a copper wire with a COPALUM connecter or terminated to CO/AL rated lights, etc.

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52
Q

What is the hazard of an aluminum wire connected to a copper only device

A

Metals will expand and contract at different rates when underload and that cause loose connections and overheating

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53
Q

Describe knob and tube wiring

A

Splice is wrapped with electrical friction tape and supported by porcelain knobs
Lacks an equipment ground
Run completely on insulators
Copper coated with tin

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54
Q

What is the hazardous method of temporary wiring for a permanent installations called

A

Lamp cord/ZIP Cord wiring

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55
Q

Lighting loads are calculated at how many watts per square foot

A

Three watts per square foot
Or 1 15 amp circuit per square foot

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56
Q

Roughly how many outlets per 15 amp circuit and how many for 20 amp

A

Nine outlets for 15 amp and 10 per 20 amp

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57
Q

Where should GFCI protection be

A

Near all water basins, bathroom, kitchen counters, outdoors, unfinished basements, garages

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58
Q

Describe AFCI protection

A

Detects arcs from damaged insulation by detecting erratic sine waves
Required in living spaces in new construction and in smoke alarms

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59
Q

Knob and tube wiring may cause these to trip

A

AFCI’s

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60
Q

Describe bathroom circuits

A

20 amp circuit for receptacles in more than one bathroom or lights, etc. in one
Heating fans on their own circuit
GFCI protected

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61
Q

Requirements for kitchen circuits

A

At least 2 20 amp small appliance circuits for countertops
Receptacles every 4 feet
Counters 12 inch wide must have a receptacle
GFCI protected

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62
Q

 These lightbulbs should not be used as closet lights

A

Bare incandescent bulbs

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63
Q

Code requires these outlets to be labelled

A

Ungrounded three hole outlets

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64
Q

Receptacles narrow prong and wide prong are

A

Hot is narrow and neutral is wide

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65
Q

Describe GFCI receptacles line

A

Incoming power from breaker box. Line terminal protects the receptacle location

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66
Q

Describe receptacles load

A

Outgoing power that travels down to the next outlet

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67
Q

What happens with a line/load reversal in a GFCI

A

GFCI test will work downstream but not at particular outlet

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68
Q

In modern construction, Electrical outlets are not allowed above

A

Baseboard heaters

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69
Q

Receptacles in damp/wet locations must have

A

Rain tight weatherproof covers

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70
Q

Receptacles in garage should be how high and why

A

18 inches above floor to avoid Sparks and starting a fire

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71
Q

These slow down or resist electrical flow

A

Resistors or insulators

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72
Q

Electrical consumption is measured in

A

Kilowatt hours. 1000 W per hour equals 1 kWh

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73
Q

Circuit breakers and fuses are what kind of protection

A

Overcurrent protection

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74
Q

Overhead service is also called

A

Service drop

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75
Q

Underground service is also called

A

Service laterals

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76
Q

Three most common problems with the services

A

Damage, improper location, moisture

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77
Q

Rather than A conduit, some homes have a service entrance

A

Cable

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78
Q

What is the conduit called in the service

A

Service mast

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79
Q

Service entrance conductors have to enter the conduit through a

A

Weather tight cap

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80
Q

Describe an older service box

A

Switch with the handle located outside, service fuses inside

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81
Q

How many disconnect points in a house are acceptable

A

Six points

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82
Q

Clearance for service boxes

A

5 feet above the floor in 3 feet of clearance in front

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83
Q

Where should service boxes not be located

A

In closet, stairwells, bathrooms, etc.

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84
Q

Up until 1960, grounding was only at

A

The service panel

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85
Q

If the system ground is connected downstream of the water meter or water filter what is provided

A

Jumper wire is provided across the metre or filter to maintain connection if a device is removed

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86
Q

List system grounding configurations

A

Well casing, Wire encased in the concrete footing, metal plate or ring or rod

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87
Q

Where should the ground wire, service box and neutral be bonded together

A

Only at the service box. And not down stream

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88
Q

Why are old ceramic fuseholders considered obsolete and unsafe

A

Exposed terminals lead to shock hazards

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89
Q

Is installing a blown fuse on a spare circuit to fill an opening acceptable

A

Yes

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90
Q

Solution to double tapping

A

Auxiliary panel

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91
Q

What is the problem with bonding the ground and neutral downstream of the main panel

A

May inadvertently turn ground into a current carrying conductor

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92
Q

Wrong sized fusing is common, as some fit in the same blocks. What prevents this

A

Fuse rejecter washers

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93
Q

Describe the type C fuses

A

Screw in or plug fuses. Non-interchangeable

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94
Q

Describe type P fuses

A

Low melting temperature
Used for non-motor loads

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95
Q

Describe type D fuses

A

Time delay for motor starting current

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96
Q

What is the danger with poor connections in fuses in breakers

A

Possible overheating and fires without enough current to trip breakers

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97
Q

If there are two circuits on one receptacle, what must the breakers have

A

Interlocking

98
Q

A GFCI shuts power off when as little as how many amps are leaking

A

.005

99
Q

What do GFCI’s detect

A

The amperage difference between LiveWire and return

100
Q

What’s the difference between a GFCI circuit breaker and a GFCI receptacle

A

GFCI circuit breakers protect the whole circuit. GFCI receptacles protect that outlet in downstream outlets on that circuit

101
Q

What is the most common problem with GFCI is not working

A

Line/load reversed

102
Q

Where are arc faults commonly found

A

Where electrical cords are damaged or outlets are properly installed

103
Q

What hazards do AFCI’s and GFCI’s protect from

A

GFCI’s prevent shock. AFCI prevent fires

104
Q

Pre-1960 installations did not include this in a branch circuit for distribution circuit

A

Ground wire

105
Q

These need their own dedicated circuits

A

Fridges and heating systems

106
Q

Name three methods of protection from metal edges in boxes

A

Bushings, grommets, cable clamps

107
Q

Wiring should be kept in 1 inch Away from

A

Heating ducts and water piping. Or add insulation

108
Q

These conductors cannot be run as overhead supported wiring

A

Solid conductors. Stranded conductors are stronger

109
Q

Maximum of how many lights/outlet Per circuit

A

12

110
Q

Outlets likely to use a hair dryer should be on

A

Low drawing circuits

111
Q

What are grounded and ungrounded conductor is called

A

Live wires are called ungrounded. Neutrals are called grounded connecters

112
Q

Describe the knobs and tubes in knob and tube wiring

A

Ceramic tubes through walls in studs. Ceramic knobs secure it

113
Q

How were connections made in knob and tube wiring

A

By twisting wires together and soldering and wrapping and rubber

114
Q

Describe how the wires are run in knob and tube wiring

A

Hot and neutral or run separately. No ground wire

115
Q

Why is knob and tube wiring commonly replaced

A

Rubber insulation with a cloth sheathing – breakdown

116
Q

Common problems of knob and tube wiring

A

Poor connections made after original installation
Two fuses on a single circuit

117
Q

Why is knob and tube wiring dangerous

A

Fuses are at the beginning and end. Replace panel

118
Q

Why is aluminum wire more susceptible to having loose connections

A

Higher coefficient of thermal expansion than copper (expands more)

119
Q

What is another term for loose connections caused by expansion and contraction of metals

A

Creeping

120
Q

Are the oxides that form on aluminum and copper good or bad

A

Copper is good aluminum is bad

121
Q

What are needed for aluminum to Copper connections

A

Special devices or connecters that are rated CO/AL

122
Q

These outlets plug-in 2 appliances

A

Duplex receptacles

123
Q

Describe polarized receptacles

A

Small is live and larger slot is neutral

124
Q

Other names for outlets with holes instead of screws

A

Bayonet
Dagger
Push in type

125
Q

Describe tamper resistant outlets

A

Internal mechanism blocks openings until both prongs are inserted. Child proof

126
Q

What can improve safety for an ungrounded system but is not a replacement for a system ground

A

GFCI’s

127
Q

T-shaped neutral slots are for

A

20 Amp receptacles

128
Q

Outlet should not be facing up on horizontal surfaces or be horizontal unless

A

They are a specific type due to moisture hazard possibilities

129
Q

What happens with an appliance if the receptacle it is plugged into has reversed polarity

A

Can operate improperly or have it’s grounding made ineffective

130
Q

Recessed lighting fixtures should not be installed in areas where

A

Insulation will blanket

131
Q

Describe IC light fixtures

A

Recessed light fixtures that can contact insulation.
(Insulation contact or insulated ceiling)

132
Q

Where should heat lamps in the ceiling be located

A

Beyond the swing of doors

133
Q

Why should old porcelain fixtures without boxes be replaced

A

Live connections are exposed

134
Q

Incandescent bulbs in closets should be

A

Enclosed

135
Q

Three way switches are how many switches that control how many lights

A

Two switches that control one set of lights

136
Q

How many wires for three way switches

A

Three wire cable plus ground

137
Q

What is the wiring between the two switches on a three-way called

A

The traveller

138
Q

The switches are considered unsafe

A

Old pushbutton switches

139
Q

What kind of junction boxes are required on building exteriors and damp locations

A

Special water resistant junction boxes

140
Q

What should an outdoor component of an AC system have a weathertight box for servicing

A

Electric disconnect

141
Q

Describe a garbage disposal cord

A

18 inches minimum and 36 inches maximum with a drip loop and armoured cable

142
Q

What should be within sight of the furnace/boiler

A

Disconnect switch

143
Q

Service size is determined by

A

Calculated Load and minimum service size

144
Q

What is calculated load

A

After demand factors are applied

145
Q

Nicking or ringing aluminum conductors does what

A

Reduces ampacity they can carry

146
Q

What size most neutral service conductors be

A

Same size as hot conductors

147
Q

Service neutral carries

A

Only unbalanced load

148
Q

Service new show must be capable of carrying

A

Fault current to open main fuse/breaker

149
Q

Service mast conduit must be how big in diameter

A

2.5 inches

150
Q

Uninsulated service neutral is split for

A

Return back to transformer and support wire to mast

151
Q

Breaker panel is also called

A

Load centre

152
Q

Service ground goes from

A

Line to ground to electrode to panel inside. No ground in mast. Neutral is grounded at the pole and the house

153
Q

Do you have to test every receptacle

A

No. Just a representative amount. But every the GFCI should be tested

154
Q

In reporting amperage and voltage ratings of services, the metre and panel might differ. What should you call the service

A

The smallest reading of the two

155
Q

What kind of wire is used for appliances

A

Multistrand aluminum. Single strand or solid branch aluminum must be reported

156
Q

Single strand aluminum is also called

A

Solid branch

157
Q

Good conductors have more

A

Free electrons

158
Q

Electron flows from

A

Negative to positive

159
Q

Ohms law equation

A

PIE

160
Q

Describe Order where power comes from

A

Power plant, transmission station, HV transmission lines, power subtition station, transformer drum, home

161
Q

Four wires – three hots plus neutral indicates

A

Three phase 208 or 240

162
Q

Three wire - two hots plus neutral indicates

A

120/240

163
Q

What note should you take on service conductors

A

How many, CO or AL, Where size is it mean disconnect, and if aluminum, confirm NO-OX paste

164
Q

Service conductor size is for 200 A and 100 A

A

2/0
#4

165
Q

What is a strip footing ground called

A

Ufer ground

166
Q

What should you see in a service panel for bonding

A

Main bonding jumper or green ponding screw

167
Q

Which two panels typically have problems

A

Federal Pacific
VInsco

168
Q

In subpanels what is done with the neutral

A

Isolated from ground

169
Q

Are splices allowed in panels

A

Yes. One to two spaces may be allowed

170
Q

Where should bell transformers be

A

Outside of the panel

171
Q

What do you receptacle boxes in the inside of exterior walls need

A

Vapour barriers around the box

172
Q

What kind of junction boxes used for lighting

A

Octagon box

173
Q

Why are AFCI good to use with aluminum wiring

A

They can also detect faulty connections

174
Q

What kind of bushing should you see in a service panel

A

A grounding bushing

175
Q

Neutral should Not be bonded to ground at any subpanel. What is this called

A

Floating neutrals

176
Q

Should a neutral ever go back to a breaker

A

Yes. Only for GFCI in AFCI breakers

177
Q

There must be a main disconnect if there are more than how many breakers

A

Six

178
Q

There must be a disconnected the panel is more than how far from a meter

A

6 feet

179
Q

What is the main panel

A

First point of disconnect

180
Q

Knob and tube wiring which is the grounded conductor

A

Neutral

181
Q

When Two hots share a neutral what must be done

A

Hots must be on separate phases

182
Q

Can an AFC I share a neutral

A

No

183
Q

How can reversed polarity cause possible overheating

A

It can cause devices plugged into have constant power. Live wire is bypassing the switch contact

184
Q

What is a wire crimper grounds also called

A

Buchanan

185
Q

If a two wire system has three prong outlets, will a GFCI protect the circuit

A

It won’t trip downstream. Only that receptacle. So either use GFCI breakers or replace every receptacle you need to protect

186
Q

What is a possible reason for recessed lighting shutting off intermittently

A

Bulb maybe too big. Heat sensor in fixture in recessed lighting

187
Q

Some fuse panels need this done before removing cover

A

Need fuses pulled out

188
Q

What is the neutral on an AFC I breaker called

A

Pigtail

189
Q

False Ground on tester causes

A

Neutral and ground terminals are bonded together
appliances (a washing machine might have a path to ground)

190
Q

What happens when The ground and neutral reversed on a receptacle

A

Outlet will seem OK unless a tester is used
Current will flow through the ground wire

191
Q

Big voltage drop indicates

A

High resistance. Possibly oxidized aluminum connection

192
Q

Current is described as

A

Electrical flow per unit of time

193
Q

Voltage is described as

A

Energy per unit of charge

194
Q

Do GFCI’s protect against over current

A

No

195
Q

What is an RCBO stand for

A

Residual current breaker overcurrent

196
Q

Common cause for housefires

A

Low current Arcing

197
Q

What are fused neutrals

A

More than one neutral under a screw. Used to be acceptable

198
Q

Should there be a bond screw in a neutral bus bar in a sub panel

A

No

199
Q

Describe wiring on 3 way switch

A

2 wire plus ground power source
3 wires plus ground from switches (+ traveller)
Neutral bypasses switches but connects to lights

200
Q

Describe wiring on a light/switch

A

Two wire plus ground
Neutral bypasses switches but connects to lights

201
Q

if you double voltage what happens with amps and power

A

Amps will double and power will quadruple. But if your power demand stays the same, amps half

202
Q

Neutral in a three wire circuit carries what and what happens if incorrectly connected

A

 Only unbalanced current
If connected incorrectly, it must carry the sum of the black and red 

203
Q

The bare wire in the supply cable, connects to what in the panel

A

An enclosure at each end in the panel. All grounding in these branch circuits depends on these connections.

204
Q

Cables in the attic should be run on top or under insulation

A

Under

205
Q

Can house wiring be run in cold air ducts

A

Yes, but not outlet boxes

206
Q

Red cables often mean

A

240 V or heating

207
Q

Service size is determined by

A

The minimum of service component ratings

208
Q

These components of an electrical system must be inspected

A

Service drop, service entrance, branch circuit wiring, grounding

209
Q

What are the two main functions of equipment grounding?

A

Prevent the outer case for being hot and provides alternate current return, if neutral fails

210
Q

you plug your circuit tester into an outlet that has a washing machine plugged in. Your tester shows the outlet is properly wired and grounded. How could you improve this inspection process?

A

Unplug the washing machine

211
Q

Special grease on aluminum wires is found on

A

Stranded wires

212
Q

Is a light above a closet shelf a problem

A

Fuck I guess so

213
Q

Is overheated neutrals on multiwire branch circuits a problem in knob and tube wiring

A

No.

214
Q

Abandoned wires should be

A

Removed. Even though that is a dog shit fucking answer.

215
Q

Why is knob and tube wiring not supposed to be covered with insulation

A

Made to dissipate heat into free air so this can cause overheating of wires

216
Q

Grounded wires
Ungrounded wires

A

Grounded = neutral
Ungrounded= hot

217
Q

Service equipment=

A

Main service disconnect

218
Q

Is the service meter grounded

A

It is bonded to ground through the grounded neutral wire. Transformer is grounded and main is grounded

219
Q

Can rebar in the foundation be used as ground

A

Yes

220
Q

Lights that can’t be turned on or off with switch

A

Possible split receptacles

221
Q

Report the location of these

A

Main disconnects and sub panels

222
Q

Inspectors aren’t required to inspect

A

Remote control devices (unless only means)
Alarm systems
Ancillary wiring systems
Measure amperage, voltage, impedance

223
Q

What is a panel called that has a breaker separating sections

A

Split bus panel

224
Q

Why is neutral isolated, insulated from ground

A

Path for current to travel to transformer in ground fault
So grounding wires don’t conduct returning neutral current
Neutral current in equipment ground can energize casings

225
Q

How do you determine service size

A

Service conductor size
Main disconnect rating
Main panel label rating

226
Q

Can a system ground be spliced

A

Not ideally. Only done with irreversible compression type or by r exothermic welding

227
Q

What should be written on a ground rod

A

DB- direct burial

228
Q

What size should water pipe/gas pipe be bonded with

A

Same size as service ground

229
Q

Can conduit bond main and sun panels together

A

Yes. Grounding bushings are recommended though

230
Q

Type D fuse
Type P
Type S and C

A

D= time delay (allow more current at start)
P= sensitive to heat build up between fuse and holder
S and C= non interchangeable

231
Q

Types of cables

A

Nm = non mentallic sheathed
Appliance cable = solid ground wire
MC= armoured cable (bx)

232
Q

Why are service drop wires able to be smaller than the service entrance wires

A

In free air which helps them cool
Less of a risk if overheated

233
Q

Can line (incoming power) in a main disconnect be bigger than load (power out) going to service panel

A

No. Auxiliary panels can have smaller wires though

234
Q

Can wires bypass meter and main

A

Yes. For a flat rate water heater

235
Q

Is 240 single phase

A

Yes but has 2 poles

236
Q

Possible ways of back feeding into panel

A

Photovoltaic
Car charger
Back up generator

237
Q

Will you usually see stranded with lower or higher amp carrying

A

Higher. Usually #12 and #14 will be solid copper

238
Q

Wires should be secured within how far from a box

A

8-12 inches

239
Q

Tinned copper is also called

A

Solder dipped copper

240
Q

When do you need a grounding bushing on main

A

When all knockouts in entry haven’t been removed. And anything larger than 1”

241
Q

In a main panel, can you combine grounds and neutrals on the same bus

A

Yes

Home Inspection (13 decks)

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