Pluearal Diseases Flashcards
Transudate effusion
Non inflammatory
Protein content <3g/dl
Exudate effusion
An inflammatory effusion
Protein content >3g/dl
Most common transudate causes
Left ventricular failure
Liver cirrhosis
Most common exudate causes
Malignancy
Parapneumonic effusions(from pneumonia), empyema
Tuberculosis
Treatment of plueral effusions
If pH under 7.2 then chest drain is required
Treat underlying cause (pneumonia, lover cirrhosis)
Pneumothorax presentation
Sudden
Chest pain or breathlessness
Tall thin young men
Underlying lung disease
History of biopsies, line insertion, mechanical ventilation
Pneumothorax on examination
Tachypnoea
Hypoxic
Reduced chest wall movements
Reduced or no breathing sounds
Examination may actually be normal
How to diagnose a pneumothorax
Chest x ray
Use if operator Is very experienced
CT of Thorax
Where is a plueral drain placed
2nd inter coastal space, under arm
Primary spontaneous pneumothorax
Have normal lungs
Pneumothorax is spontaneous
Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax
Patient has abnormal lungs
Spontaneous
Traumatic pneumothorax causes
Blunt force( broken ribs peirce the lung)
Sharp (knife, ect)
Iatrogenic pneumothorax
From biopsies and other medical test
Ventilator
