COPD

Question 1

definition of chronic bronchitis

Answer 1

cough and sputum for at least 3 months present in each of 2 consecutive years

Question 2

cause of emphysema in base of lungs

Answer 2

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency

Question 3

symptoms of COPD

Answer 3

Cough
Breathlessness
Sputum
Frequent chest infections
Wheezing
May also have weight loss, fatigue and ankle oedema

Question 4

clinical features of COPD

Answer 4

Cyanosis		
Pursed lip breathing (deep breath through nose-exhale mouth)
Raised JVP		
Hyperinflated chest
weight loss 		
Use of accessory muscles
Wheeze		
Peripheral oedema

Question 5

breathlessness scale grade 0

Answer 5

Only with strenuous exercise

Question 6

breathlessness scale grade 1

Answer 6

Dyspnoea when hurrying on flat or going up a slight hill

Question 7

breathlessness scale grade 2

Answer 7

On flat I walk slower than people my age or have to stop due to breathlessness at their pace

Question 8

breathlessness scale grade 3

Answer 8

I stop for breath after 100 yards or a few minutes on the flat

Question 9

breathlessness scale grade 4

Answer 9

Too breathless to leave the house or when I dress myself

Question 10

x-ray of COPD shows

Answer 10

Hyper inflated
Bulla
Flat diaphragm

Question 11

What is key to a COPD diagnosis

Answer 11

obstructive spirometry

Question 12

Non-pharmacological treatments of COPD

Answer 12

Smoking cessation
Pulmonary rehabilitation
Flu vaccines

Question 13

When is long term oxygen appropriate

Answer 13

PaO2< 7.3kPa 
or PaO2 7.3-8kPa when accompanied with;
polycythaemia(high Hb)
Night hypoxia
Peripheral oedema 
pulmonary hypertension