Developmental Aspects Of The Lungs Flashcards
Embryonic phase
3-18 weeks
Lung bud starts to develope from foregut
Psuedoglandular phase
5-17
Rapid branching of the Airways
Development of mucous and cillia cells in airways
Camalicular phase
16-26 weeks
Starts to develop alveoli and capillaries
Type 1 and 2 alveoli cells
Saccular phase
24-38
Alveoli sacs increase in size and produce more surfactant
Interstial space reduces
Alveolar phase
36 weeks-2/3 years
Better vasculature
What is Laryngomalacia
A floppy-ness of the airway
An abnormal collapse of the larynx
Clinical signs of laryngomalacia
Present with stridor
Worse when feeding or when uoser/excited
Treatment of laryngomalacia
Will normal improve in first year
Cause for concern if affects feeding, growth or causes apnoeas
What is tracheomalacia
A floppyness of the trachea
Typically genetic
May be caused by external pressures (vessels or tumors)
Clinical signs of tracheomalacia
Barking cough
Recurrent croup
Breathless on exertion
Stridor/wheeze
Treatmemt of Tracheomalacia
Typically no treatment, gets better with age
When child is unwell may require antibiotics and physio
What is a tracheo-oesphageal fistula
An abnormal connection between the trachea and the oesophagus
Clinical signs of tracheo-oesphageal fistula
Can be picked up antenatally but typically postnatally
Presentation- Choking Colour change Cough from feeding Unable to pass NG tube
Treatment of tracheo-oesphageal fistula
Surgery
What is congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM)
A general term for abnormal non-functional lung tissue
Clinial signs of CPAM
Spotted antenatally
Treatment of CPAM
May resolve spontaneously in utero
No need for management if a symptomatic
May need surgery
Risk of malignant change
What is congenital Diaphragmatic hernia
Where diaphragm doesn’t close properly
Typically on left
Clinical signs of congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Typically spotted antenatally
If spotted late- xray
Treatment for congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Surgery
What is respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
Surfactant deficiency
