Pleural Disease

Question 1

true/false - the hilum has pleural coverage

Answer 1

false - the layers combine at the hilum

Question 2

what is the pulmonary ligament

Answer 2

combination of the pleura slightly inferior to the root of the lung

Question 3

what type of pleural effisions are concerning

Answer 3

large, unilateral effusions

Question 4

when would you aspirate a pleural effusion

Answer 4

when not convincingly heart failure

Question 5

when would pleural fluid be transudate?

Answer 5

protein level<30 g/L

Question 6

when would pleural fluid be exudate?

Answer 6

protein level<30 g/L

pleural fluid LDH to serum LDH ratio >0.6

Question 7

what does exudate fluid suggest

Answer 7

more serious pathology such as malignancy

Question 8

glucose woud be ____ in malignancy

Answer 8

Low

Question 9

straw coloured pleural fluid suggests

Answer 9

cardiac failure

Question 10

bloody pleural fluid suggests

Answer 10

trauma, malignancy or infection

Question 11

turbid pleural fluid suggests

Answer 11

empyema, chylothorax

Question 12

foul smelling pleural fluid suggests

Answer 12

anaerobic empyema

Question 13

food in pleural fluid suggests

Answer 13

oesophageal rupture

Question 14

Most common cause of mesothelioma

Answer 14

asbestos exposure

Question 15

survival of mesothelioma?

Answer 15

3-12 months

Question 16

how is a malignant pleural effusion caused by mesothelioma treated

Answer 16

Sclerosing agent

Long term pleural catheters

Question 17

what demographic is pneumothorax more common in?

Answer 17

tall thin men that smoke cannabis

Question 18

PTX <2cm from hilar level is?

Answer 18

Small

Question 19

PTX >2cm from hilar level is?

Answer 19

Large

Question 20

What is tension PTX

Answer 20

progressively increasing pressure in pleural space

Question 21

how is a tension PTX treated?

Answer 21

Needle decompression, wide bore cannula in 2nd intercostal space, mid clavicular line