pleural cavities, lungs, mediastinum Flashcards
what is the origin and insertion of the diaphram
origin: sternal slips from xiphoid, costal slips from lower 6 costal cartilages and 12th ribs , lumbar L1-L3, a right crus from bodies of L2/L3 and a left crus from bodies of L1/L2 (forms median arcuate lig)
insertion: fibers converge and insert into the central tendon
what is the :function, blood supply and innervation of the diaphram
function: respiration
blood supply: internal thoracic artery (branches via intercostal and phrenic areries)
innervation: embryological origin is cervical region, so motor and sensory innervation is from anterior rami of C3, C4, C5 via the phrenic nerve
what cells make up visceral pleura - what is a special function / for what?
flattened cuboidal mesothelium w/long microvilli
-microvilli trap hyaluronic acid - a mucopolysaccharide that binds w/water to provide lubrication of pleural surfaces
what is the blood supply/innervation to parietal pleura?
blood: visceral and intercostal branches of descending aorta
innervation: to each component it is th esame as adjacent structures (phrenic, intercostal etc)
what are pleural recesses
spaces b/w reflected layers of pleura that arent filled on quiet respiration.
-can be area of fluid accumulation
costodiaphragmatic (inferior/lateral) and costomediastinal (mediastinum inferior region)
what are the 4 surfaces of lungs
apex, costal surface (lateral), mediastinal surface (medial) and diaphragmatic surface (inferior)
what is distinct about the left lung (depression) whats it called
cardiac notch and lingula (tongue like extension)
how many segments are lungs divided into?
10 each, diseased segments can be removed
on the medial view of the left/right lung, what type of bronchi do you see? on which does the pulmonary veini look larger /smaller
- on left; primary bronchi. on right; intermediate bronchi
- on left; pulmonary vein appears smaller , on right, pulm vein looks larger
which bronchus is foreign object likely to go to
right
whats it called to take fluid from lung
aspiration/effusion
what rib does lung end at
about 8?
which lung can u see inferior/superior vena cava marks
right lung
how many lobes does each lung have
left 2, right 3
sup/inf
sup/middle,inf
how many cartilagenous rings are theere in trachea
20
what changes to support bronchiole walls
more smooth muscle! increase to support their walls
how do bronchiles end
terminal respiratory bronchioles from which ductules lead to blind sacs and alveoli
what supplies lung tissue with blood?
bronchial arteries, branches from descending aorta
-unpaired!
what is the parasympathetic innervation to lungs? which cranial nerve? what does it do
(efferent)
- vagus nerve
- CNX
- bronchodilators
- secretomotor (lubricaton?)
what is the sympathetic efferent innervation to lungs origin? what does it cause
derived from 3rd and 4th ganglia of sympathetic trunk mainly. bronchodilators
what are the somatic afferent innervation from lung through
via vagus and sympathetic trunk
how is transverse diameter increasd for lungs resp, where are ribs raised?
via intercostals! raises ribs at costovertebral and costosternal joints!!
how is anteroposterior diamter increased for lung respiration? which bones move ?
right/left rib pairs rise as a unit= rise at costovertebral joints and lift sternum
how is vertical plane increased for lung resp
enlarged by diaphram contracting downwards
