circ system/ heart & mediastinum Flashcards
what is the location (vs costal/sternum) of superior and inferior border of heart?
superior border: sternal angle (2nd costal cartilage)
inferior border: 5th intercostal space
what happens to a heart with increase of resistance?
hypertrophy/enlargement
which side of body has a brachiocephalic artery
right!!! both have brachiocephalic vein
brachiocephalic trunk or artery
what is the large artery behind the heart?
thoracic aorta
what are the veins that run along common carotid artery
internal jugular l/r
whats another term for parietal/visceral pericardiums
visceral/epicardium: serous
parietal:fibrous
what are the 3 layers of the heart wall
- endocardium (tunica intima)
- myocardium (tunica media)
- epicardium (tunica adventita)
what are the smallest cardiac veins called
venae cordis minimae
what is the fat in heart called
subendocardial fat
what is the valve of IVC
valve of inferior vena cava, in inferior right atrium
externally , where are the right atrium/ventricles ?
right atrium makes up the entire right border of the heart and 1/4 of anterior surface.
right ventricle makes up most of the anteiror surface of the heart and 2/3 of inferior border
what is the inferior surfcae of heart called
diaphragmatic
what are the pectineate muscles
of atrium!! weird muscles stringy
what are the irregular muscles of ventricle
trabeculae carnae! lead to papillary which branch into chordae tendinae
what muscle extends away from papillary muscle (specific)
moderator band/ septomarginal trabeculaa
how many cusps of the pulmonary trunk valve are there
3
what are the cusps of the right av valve called
septal, anterior, posterior
where does the left ventricle externally
all of left broder almost, smalll part of inferior border
where is left ventricle externally on posterior
large part of posterior surface
what is the left av valve called
mitral or bicuspid orifice /valve
what is the circuit of the right/left sides of heart
right is pulmonary left is systemic
what are the shunts to bypass lungs and liver
- umbilical vein (enters at liver and joins left portal vein, branches off as ducturs venosus-bypasses liver, and portal sinus -to portal vein/ to liver)
- ductus venosus (branch from umbilical vein, enters the inferior vena cava directly to bring oxygenated blood to heart)
- foramen ovale (hole in septum between the two atria)
- ductus arteriosus (connects pulmonary artery to the aorta to bypass the lungs!!! blood leaves heart and instead goes into circulation)
- umbilical arteries (enteres into internal illiac artery)
what does the foramen ovale become
fossa ovale
what does the ductus arteriosus become
ligamentum arteriosum
