Hematopoiesis Flashcards
what are the 3 compartments and their % of blood that come out in centrifuge
erythrocytes (45% of blood) bottom
buffy coat - <1% of blood, leukocytes and platelets
plasma (least dense) – 55% of blood
what are the 2 types of leukocytes
(defense & immunity) :
- granular leukocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils)
- agranular leukocytes (monocytes and lymphocytes)
what are the 3 major groups of blood cells
-erythrocytes, leukocytes (defense/immunity) and platelets/thrombocytes for coagulation
what % does each type of WBC make up of total wbcs
neutrophils ; 60-70% monocytes: 3-10% eosinophils : 1-4% lymphocytes : 20-40% basophils : 0-1%
what are the 3 components and thier % of plasma
water (92), plasma proteins (7), other 1%
how do RBCs maintain electrolyte gradients and hemoglobin ? where do they get their energy
anaerobic metabolism of glucose
what do the shape and function of RBCs depend on
electrolyte gradients
-when they start to get spherical, removed by spleen and liver. no reparative ability bc no organelles
what are immature RBCs called ?
reticulocytes
-from bone marrow, they still contain organelles (mito, golgi, ribosomes), mature within 24-48 hours
what are leukocytes
WBCs
what are the granulocytes cells
type of wbc’s
prominent cytoplasmic secretory granules and multi lobed nuclei
-neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils
what are agranulocyte cells of wbcs
lymphocytes and monocytes
-non lobulated nuclei, mononuclear leukocytes
Neutrophils; how common are they (%), what is their action?
40-75% of wbcs
- enter tissue in response to acute inflammation
- highly motile
- phagocytic
- destroy damaged tissue and invading microorganisms
- degenerate after brief burst of activity (pus)
what are the features of neutrophil cells (organelles, energy)
up to 5 nucleus lobes
- many electro dense granules
- few other organelles
- abundant glycogen (anerobic metabolism)
eosinophils; how prominent, what are their actions?
1-6% of wbcs
- lasts 6-8 hours in blood
- migrate into tissue (usually in spleen, GI tract, lymph nodes)
- -once they migrate to CT, their lifespan is 8-10 days!!
- respond to mucosal inflammation, allergies and helminthic parasites
- nucleus typically bilobed
- large granules (stain bright red with eosin)
how do granules of eosinophils appear
their SPECIFIC GRANULES range from ellipsoid to football form, internal crystalloid core
-membrane bound
basophils: prevalence, appearance
least common! less than 1% of wbcs
- similar to tissue mast cells
- large distinctive speciifc granules that are intensely basophilic and fill the cytoplasm
- the nucleu sis often irregular in shape or bilobed
what are in basophil granules
veryyy basophilic lots of dark purple dots in cytoplasm
-proteoglycans (heparin, chondroitin) and histamine
what are features of lymphocytes? size, prevalence and role? what does size mean
smallest WBCS!
- 2nd most common wbc, 20-50% of wbcs
- central role in adaptive immunity
- amount of cytoplasm reflects state of activity; small is inactive, large is a ctivated B or T cell
how do lymphocytes appear on histology
big dark purple circle (pretyt uniform)
monocytes; size, prevalence, longevity, activity
- largest WBCs
- 3-4 days in blood lasts (migrate to tissues- macrophages and osteoclasts!!
- highly motile
- phagocytic
- activity is like neutrophils (acute inflammation response) but theyre agranulocytes
monocyte features (histology)
large, eccentric nucleus; horshoe shape (thicker than eosinophil appearance)
- numerous lysosomal granules and vacuoles
- numerous mitochondroa and well developed golgi
- numerous pseudopodia
what are platelet features?
what do they release/originate from/nuclei
non nucleated!!
- origin from megakaryocytes!
- adhere to vessel damage sites, activate coag protein complexes, secrete modulating coagultaion and repair factors. (von willebrand factor, thrombospondin, PDGF- platelet derived growth factor)
how are blood cells derived from bone marrow?
hematopoiesis
what is hematopoiesis
mature blood cells develop from precursor cells
