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BMS 123 Anatomy & Histology > Hematopoiesis > Flashcards

Hematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 compartments and their % of blood that come out in centrifuge

A

erythrocytes (45% of blood) bottom

buffy coat - <1% of blood, leukocytes and platelets

plasma (least dense) – 55% of blood

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2
Q

what are the 2 types of leukocytes

A

(defense & immunity) :

  • granular leukocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils)
  • agranular leukocytes (monocytes and lymphocytes)
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3
Q

what are the 3 major groups of blood cells

A

-erythrocytes, leukocytes (defense/immunity) and platelets/thrombocytes for coagulation

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4
Q

what % does each type of WBC make up of total wbcs

A 
neutrophils ; 60-70%
monocytes: 3-10%
eosinophils : 1-4%
lymphocytes : 20-40%
basophils : 0-1%
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5
Q

what are the 3 components and thier % of plasma

A

water (92), plasma proteins (7), other 1%

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6
Q

how do RBCs maintain electrolyte gradients and hemoglobin ? where do they get their energy

A

anaerobic metabolism of glucose

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7
Q

what do the shape and function of RBCs depend on

A

electrolyte gradients

-when they start to get spherical, removed by spleen and liver. no reparative ability bc no organelles

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8
Q

what are immature RBCs called ?

A

reticulocytes

-from bone marrow, they still contain organelles (mito, golgi, ribosomes), mature within 24-48 hours

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9
Q

what are leukocytes

A

WBCs

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10
Q

what are the granulocytes cells

A

type of wbc’s
prominent cytoplasmic secretory granules and multi lobed nuclei
-neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils

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11
Q

what are agranulocyte cells of wbcs

A

lymphocytes and monocytes

-non lobulated nuclei, mononuclear leukocytes

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12
Q

Neutrophils; how common are they (%), what is their action?

A

40-75% of wbcs

  • enter tissue in response to acute inflammation
  • highly motile
  • phagocytic
  • destroy damaged tissue and invading microorganisms
  • degenerate after brief burst of activity (pus)
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13
Q

what are the features of neutrophil cells (organelles, energy)

A

up to 5 nucleus lobes

  • many electro dense granules
  • few other organelles
  • abundant glycogen (anerobic metabolism)
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14
Q

eosinophils; how prominent, what are their actions?

A

1-6% of wbcs

  • lasts 6-8 hours in blood
    • migrate into tissue (usually in spleen, GI tract, lymph nodes)
  • -once they migrate to CT, their lifespan is 8-10 days!!
    • respond to mucosal inflammation, allergies and helminthic parasites
  • nucleus typically bilobed
  • large granules (stain bright red with eosin)
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15
Q

how do granules of eosinophils appear

A

their SPECIFIC GRANULES range from ellipsoid to football form, internal crystalloid core
-membrane bound

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16
Q

basophils: prevalence, appearance

A

least common! less than 1% of wbcs

  • similar to tissue mast cells
  • large distinctive speciifc granules that are intensely basophilic and fill the cytoplasm
  • the nucleu sis often irregular in shape or bilobed
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17
Q

what are in basophil granules

A

veryyy basophilic lots of dark purple dots in cytoplasm

-proteoglycans (heparin, chondroitin) and histamine

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18
Q

what are features of lymphocytes? size, prevalence and role? what does size mean

A

smallest WBCS!

  • 2nd most common wbc, 20-50% of wbcs
  • central role in adaptive immunity
  • amount of cytoplasm reflects state of activity; small is inactive, large is a ctivated B or T cell
19
Q

how do lymphocytes appear on histology

A

big dark purple circle (pretyt uniform)

20
Q

monocytes; size, prevalence, longevity, activity

A
  • largest WBCs
  • 3-4 days in blood lasts (migrate to tissues- macrophages and osteoclasts!!
  • highly motile
  • phagocytic
  • activity is like neutrophils (acute inflammation response) but theyre agranulocytes
21
Q

monocyte features (histology)

A

large, eccentric nucleus; horshoe shape (thicker than eosinophil appearance)

  • numerous lysosomal granules and vacuoles
  • numerous mitochondroa and well developed golgi
  • numerous pseudopodia
22
Q

what are platelet features?

what do they release/originate from/nuclei

A

non nucleated!!

  • origin from megakaryocytes!
  • adhere to vessel damage sites, activate coag protein complexes, secrete modulating coagultaion and repair factors. (von willebrand factor, thrombospondin, PDGF- platelet derived growth factor)
23
Q

how are blood cells derived from bone marrow?

A

hematopoiesis

24
Q

what is hematopoiesis

A

mature blood cells develop from precursor cells

25
Q

what bone marrow cell do erythrocytes derive from (first after CFU)

A

proerythroblast

26
Q

what cells derive from myeloblasts

A

basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils

–all of these are made/released in bone marrow and in intravascular form . extracellular tissue only neutrophil and eosinophil

27
Q

what cell do monocytes derive from

A

monoblast

28
Q

what do lymphocytes derive from

A

B and T both derive from lymphoblast in bone marrow

29
Q

what do megakaryocytes derive from

A

megakaryocytes/promemgakaryocyte

30
Q

what are the lineage committed cells

A

proerythroblast (erythrocyte),myeloblasts (basophil, neutrophil, eosinophil), monoblast (monocyte), lymphoblast (B and T lymphocytes), megakaryoblast (platelets_

31
Q

what are white lines on histo slide maybe

A

platelet demarcation channels?

32
Q

what are white lines on histo slide maybe

A

platelet demarcation channels?

33
Q

what is the structure of bone marrow

-what are hematopoietic cells called? what are combo of vascular sinuses, branched fibroblasts and fat cells called?

A

hematopoietic tissue islands and adipose cells, surrounded by vascular sinuses interspersed within a meshwork of trabecular bone

  • parenchyma = hematopoietic cells
  • STROMA=mesh of vascular sinuses, branched fibroblasts (reticular cells) and fat cells

SLIDE 33

34
Q

what are the largest cells of bone marrow

A

megakaryocytes (can identify this way)

35
Q

what are parenchyma

A

hematopoietic cells

36
Q

where does hematopoiesis occur

A

mainly bone marrow of flat bones and spinal column

37
Q

what is red bone marrow

A

actively hematopoietic tissue. red is due to erythrocytes nad their precursors

38
Q

what is yellow bone marrow

A

aka fatty

  • relatively inactive as a hematopoietic tissue
  • mainly cmposed of adipocytes (fat cells)
39
Q

what are the big white(er) veinous regions called in bone marrow

A

distinct from adipocytes, bc it has stuff in it/looks like vessels
—= venous sinusoids

40
Q

what are the modified fibroblasts surrounding venous sinusoids called

A

Adventitial reticular cells

-they produce reticular fiber network : reticulin! collagen type III

41
Q

what type of basement membrane is venous sinusoids in bone marrow

A

discontinuouus

42
Q

what is another term for macrophage

A

erythroid island

43
Q

what cells underlie the basement membrane of sinusoids in bone marrow?

A

stromal cells!! or reticular cells. also adventitial reticular cells.

make reticular fiber network- reticulin, collagen type III

BMS 123 Anatomy & Histology (9 decks)

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