Platyhelminthes Flashcards
Reverse Platyhelminthes
- tear drop fluke covered in scales
- swim to surface and drop down
- eating undercooked fish
- small intestine encystment
Heterophyes heterophes
Reverse Platyhelminthes
- rickettsial diease in dogs that ingest raw salmon
- lives in small intestinge
- example of hyperparasitism (rickettsial –> bacteria in trematode)
- no sporpcysts, rediae, metacercariae in kidneys fins and muscles, racoons and skunks DH
Nanophyetus salmincola
Reverse Platyhelminthes
- bile ducts of liver in cattle, sheep, pigs, etc.
- vitellaria middle third of body
- ANTs climb to top of leaves and eat vegetation “mind control”
eggs –> snail –> slime ball (cercariae) –> ant (metacercariae) –> cattle
Dicrocoelium dendriticum “lancet fluke”
Reverse Platyhelminthes
plagiorchiida – small eggs, adults do not look like each other
dicrocoelidae – liver flukes, terrestrial or semi-terrestrial, pointy ends
Other types of digeneans
Reverse Platyhelminthes
- rectum and bladder of amphibians
- HUGE posterior sucker
Megalodiscus temperatus
Reverse Platyhelminthes
- pair of disks (diverticula) in the oral sucker/pocketed structures
Diplidiscidae
Reverse Platyhelminthes
- parasite of beavers
- metacercariae on sticks at bottom of pong
- in stomach of beaver
Stichorchis subtriquetrus
Reverse Platyhelminthes
- rumen of domestic animals
- conical, pink when living white when fixed
- metacercariae encyst on aquatic vegetation (no 2nd intermediate host)
- penetrate gut
- secondary bacterial infection
Paraphistomum cervi
Reverse Platyhelminthes
- deformities in frogs
- first IH snail
- rapid angular swimming
- DH birds badgers
Ribeiroia ondatrae
Reverse Platyhelminthes
- large, lead shaped mammals (herbivores)
- tegument with scales/spines
- acetabulum close to oral sucker
- LOTs of vitellaria
- liver of mammals
Fasciolidae
Reverse Platyhelminthes
- collar of spines
- aquatic host/environment
- ingesting raw clams
Echinostoma
Reverse Platyhelminthes
- one oral sucker
- oral sucker and ventral at posterior end
- oral sucker and ventral somewhere else
Monostome, Amphistome, and Distome Differences
Reverse Platyhelminthes
eggs miracidia sporocysts --> rediae cercaraie metacercariae cyst
miracicia and cercaraie have more variety in sensory organs because they must find a host
some eggs have operculum
no cyst of operculum on egg in blood flukes
Life Cycle of Digenean Trematode
Reverse Platyhelminthes
- LOW specificity
- 1st intermediate host mollusc, 2nd or 3rd varies
- economic costs and medically important
- flattened, powerful oral sucker and sometimes ventral sucker
- tegument, spiny, muscular, orthogon nervous system
Digenaen Trematodes “flukes”
Reverse Platyhelminthes
- bile ducts of rays in atlantic ocean
- lobsters and other crustaceans
Stichocotyle nephrosis
Reverse Platyhelminthes
- ventral sucker waffle
- eggs hatch in molluscan host
- can develop in host (no need for further migration)
Aspidogaster conchicola
Reverse Platyhelminthes
eggs –> larvae (cotylocidia)
Reproductive Cycle of Aspidobothria
Reverse Platyhelminthes
huge ventral sucker that looks like a waffle
multinucleated outer coat
nourish ovaries like egg yolk
Opisthaptor, Tegument, Vitelline Cells
Reverse Platyhelminthes
- most direct life cycles
- loose parasitic relationship with mollusks
- facultative/obligitory parasites of fish or turtles
- low importance
- opisthaptor
- tegument
- monecious
Aspidobothria Trematodes
Reverse Platyhelminthes
- no body cavity
- distinct anterior end, bilaterally symmetrical
- mostly parasitic, thrive in many different environments
- unable to make fatty acids (explains why parasitic)
- most of body it mass of parenchyma (fibers and cells for storing food and secreting waste) and muscle
- ladder-like nervous system with paired ganglia
- nutrients and waste taken in and eliminated by mouth (digestive system sac)
- monecious –> schistosomes = exception
Platyhelminthes “Flat Worm”
Heterophyes heterophes
- tear drop fluke covered in scales
- swim to surface and drop down
- eating undercooked fish
- small intestine encystment
Nanophyetus salmincola
- rickettsial diease in dogs that ingest raw salmon
- lives in small intestinge
- example of hyperparasitism (rickettsial –> bacteria in trematode)
- no sporpcysts, rediae, metacercariae in kidneys fins and muscles, racoons and skunks DH
Dicrocoelium dendriticum “lancet fluke”
- bile ducts of liver in cattle, sheep, pigs, etc.
- vitellaria middle third of body
- ANTs climb to top of leaves and eat vegetation “mind control”
eggs –> snail –> slime ball (cercariae) –> ant (metacercariae) –> cattle
Other types of digeneans
plagiorchiida – small eggs, adults do not look like each other
dicrocoelidae – liver flukes, terrestrial or semi-terrestrial, pointy ends
Megalodiscus temperatus
- rectum and bladder of amphibians
- HUGE posterior sucker
Diplidiscidae
- pair of disks (diverticula) in the oral sucker/pocketed structures
Stichorchis subtriquetrus
- parasite of beavers
- metacercariae on sticks at bottom of pong
- in stomach of beaver
Paraphistomum cervi
- rumen of domestic animals
- conical, pink when living white when fixed
- metacercariae encyst on aquatic vegetation (no 2nd intermediate host)
- penetrate gut
- secondary bacterial infection
Ribeiroia ondatrae
- deformities in frogs
- first IH snail
- rapid angular swimming
- DH birds badgers
Fasciolidae
- large, lead shaped mammals (herbivores)
- tegument with scales/spines
- acetabulum close to oral sucker
- LOTs of vitellaria
- liver of mammals
Echinostoma
- collar of spines
- aquatic host/environment
- ingesting raw clams
Monostome, Amphistome, and Distome Differences
- one oral sucker
- oral sucker and ventral at posterior end
- oral sucker and ventral somewhere else
Life Cycle of Digenean Trematode
eggs miracidia sporocysts --> rediae cercaraie metacercariae cyst
miracicia and cercaraie have more variety in sensory organs because they must find a host
some eggs have operculum
no cyst of operculum on egg in blood flukes
Digenaen Trematodes “flukes”
- LOW specificity
- 1st intermediate host mollusc, 2nd or 3rd varies
- economic costs and medically important
- flattened, powerful oral sucker and sometimes ventral sucker
- tegument, spiny, muscular, orthogon nervous system
Stichocotyle nephrosis
- bile ducts of rays in atlantic ocean
- lobsters and other crustaceans
Aspidogaster conchicola
- ventral sucker waffle
- eggs hatch in molluscan host
- can develop in host (no need for further migration)
Reproductive Cycle of Aspidobothria
eggs –> larvae (cotylocidia)
Opisthaptor, Tegument, Vitelline Cells
huge ventral sucker that looks like a waffle
multinucleated outer coat
nourish ovaries like egg yolk
Aspidobothria Trematodes
- most direct life cycles
- loose parasitic relationship with mollusks
- facultative/obligitory parasites of fish or turtles
- low importance
- opisthaptor
- tegument
- monecious
Platyhelminthes “Flat Worm”
- no body cavity
- distinct anterior end, bilaterally symmetrical
- mostly parasitic, thrive in many different environments
- unable to make fatty acids (explains why parasitic)
- most of body it mass of parenchyma (fibers and cells for storing food and secreting waste) and muscle
- ladder-like nervous system with paired ganglia
- nutrients and waste taken in and eliminated by mouth (digestive system sac)
- monecious –> schistosomes = exception