Arthropods: Form and Function Flashcards
which two features contribute significantly to arthropod success
- small size
- chitinous exoskeleton
List four things arthropods can serve as definitive and intermediate hosts for
Protozoans
Trematodes
Nematodes
Other arthropods
what is metamerism synonymous with
segmentation
what body structure in arthropods consists of proteins and chitin that is hard and indigestible, providing a place for muscle attachment
exoskeleton
since growth of ectoparasites is restricted by a non-expansible covering, how do arthropods overcome this
molts or ecdyses
what are the stages between each molt referred to as
instars
what types of arthropods have larvae that are referred to as nauplius/metanaupli, have three pairs of appendages, and have several ecdyses
crustaceans
what is a period of developmental rest in arthropods known as (can be facultative or genetically regulated)
diapause
what are worm-like parasites of the respiratory system of vertebrates known as (as adults most live in reptiles but the nymphal stages can parasitize humans)
pentastomida (tongue worms)
what has an elongated body tapering toward the posterior end that often shows segmentation (divided into a forebody and hindbody)
tongue worms
what do tongue worms have that is used for tearing and embedding its mouth in host tissues
sclerotized hooks
what has a body cuticle with rows of simple spines, papillae, a digestive system, and a mouth permanently held open by sclerotized lining
tongue worms
provide the details of tongue worm reproduction
dioecious – females mate once and males may be polygamous
what feeds on tissue fluids and blood cells of the host and coats themselves in an S-E coat to protect it from host antibodies
tongue worms
millions of eggs (with two shell membranes/very hearty) pass up the trachea, are swallowed, and then passed into the feces in what parasite
tongue worms
what larvae are ovoid, tailed, and have 4 stumpy legs
pentastomes
a definitive host that ingests a pentastome egg can also serve as what kind of host and why
an intermediate host; it is unlikely migration to and maturation in the lung will occur
what pentastome has a snake definitive host with white mice serving as intermediate hosts
porocephalus crotali
what pentastome has adults who live in the nasopharyngeal region of mammals with females who live two years and produce millions of eggs
linguatula
how is the visceral form of pentastome pathogenesis developed in humans and what is it most commonly caused by
eggs are eaten and nymphs develop in organs; armillifer armillatus
how is the nasopharyngeal form of pentastome pathogenesis developed in humans and what mainly causes this
nymphs are eaten; L. serrata
which form of pentastomiasis is associated with eating the raw visceral organs of cattle, causing pain in the throat, swelling of the tonsils and nasal passage, and can lead to death
nasopharyngeal
