Arthropods: Form and Function

Question 1

which two features contribute significantly to arthropod success

Answer 1

• small size

- chitinous exoskeleton

Question 2

List four things arthropods can serve as definitive and intermediate hosts for

Answer 2

Protozoans
Trematodes
Nematodes
Other arthropods

Question 3

what is metamerism synonymous with

Answer 3

segmentation

Question 4

what body structure in arthropods consists of proteins and chitin that is hard and indigestible, providing a place for muscle attachment

Answer 4

exoskeleton

Question 5

since growth of ectoparasites is restricted by a non-expansible covering, how do arthropods overcome this

Answer 5

molts or ecdyses

Question 6

what are the stages between each molt referred to as

Answer 6

instars

Question 7

what types of arthropods have larvae that are referred to as nauplius/metanaupli, have three pairs of appendages, and have several ecdyses

Answer 7

crustaceans

Question 8

what is a period of developmental rest in arthropods known as (can be facultative or genetically regulated)

Answer 8

diapause

Question 9

what are worm-like parasites of the respiratory system of vertebrates known as (as adults most live in reptiles but the nymphal stages can parasitize humans)

Answer 9

pentastomida (tongue worms)

Question 10

what has an elongated body tapering toward the posterior end that often shows segmentation (divided into a forebody and hindbody)

Answer 10

tongue worms

Question 11

what do tongue worms have that is used for tearing and embedding its mouth in host tissues

Answer 11

sclerotized hooks

Question 12

what has a body cuticle with rows of simple spines, papillae, a digestive system, and a mouth permanently held open by sclerotized lining

Answer 12

tongue worms

Question 13

provide the details of tongue worm reproduction

Answer 13

dioecious – females mate once and males may be polygamous

Question 14

what feeds on tissue fluids and blood cells of the host and coats themselves in an S-E coat to protect it from host antibodies

Answer 14

tongue worms

Question 15

millions of eggs (with two shell membranes/very hearty) pass up the trachea, are swallowed, and then passed into the feces in what parasite

Answer 15

tongue worms

Question 16

what larvae are ovoid, tailed, and have 4 stumpy legs

Answer 16

pentastomes

Question 17

a definitive host that ingests a pentastome egg can also serve as what kind of host and why

Answer 17

an intermediate host; it is unlikely migration to and maturation in the lung will occur

Question 18

what pentastome has a snake definitive host with white mice serving as intermediate hosts

Answer 18

porocephalus crotali

Question 19

what pentastome has adults who live in the nasopharyngeal region of mammals with females who live two years and produce millions of eggs

Answer 19

linguatula

Question 20

how is the visceral form of pentastome pathogenesis developed in humans and what is it most commonly caused by

Answer 20

eggs are eaten and nymphs develop in organs; armillifer armillatus

Question 21

how is the nasopharyngeal form of pentastome pathogenesis developed in humans and what mainly causes this

Answer 21

nymphs are eaten; L. serrata

Question 22

which form of pentastomiasis is associated with eating the raw visceral organs of cattle, causing pain in the throat, swelling of the tonsils and nasal passage, and can lead to death

Answer 22

nasopharyngeal