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Geology > Plate Tectonics > Flashcards

Plate Tectonics Flashcards

1
Q

How many plates is the lithosphere broken up into?

A

20

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2
Q

How flexible is the lithosphere?

A

bends elastic

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3
Q

How flexible is the Asthenosphere?

A

flows plastically

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4
Q

What is continental drift?

A

The theory is that the lithosphere was once one supercontinent called Pangea.

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5
Q

What was the evidence to prove continental drift?

A

Sedimentary rocks
Identical fossils
Matching geology

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6
Q

What is the mid-ocean ridge?

A

Linear mountain ranges in Earth’s ocean basins.

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7
Q

What is the 1rst step of sea floor spreading?

A

Magma erupts at the mid-ocean ridge.

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8
Q

What is the 2nd step to sea floor spreading?

A

New crust moves away from the ridges.

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9
Q

What is the third step to sea floor spreading?

A

At trenches, the sea floor dives back into the mantel.

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10
Q

What happens at divergent plate boundaries?

A

The plates move apart.

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11
Q

What are the two outcomes at a convergent plate boundary?

A

Subduction
They make a mountain

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12
Q

What do ocean-ocean convergent boundaries create?

A

Subduction

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13
Q

What does continent - continent-convergent boundaries create?

A

Builds mountains

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14
Q

What happens at a convergent plate boundary?

A

The tectonic plates move together.

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15
Q

What is subduction?

A

Ocean crust is pushed down into the mantel and is consumed(melted)

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16
Q

What happens at continent-ocean convergent boundaries?

A

Volcanic arcs

17
Q

What is a volcanic arc?

A

The descending plate partially melts at 150km depth. The melt moves upwards and forms volcanos.

18
Q

What happens at transform plate boundaries?

A

The tectonic plates slide past each other.

19
Q

What is a hot spot?

A

volcanic plumes independent of tectonic plates.

20
Q

What is Orogeny?

A

The process of forming mountains.

21
Q

What is deformation?

A

Process by which rock bend break or flow in response to stress.

22
Q

What three mechanisms drive plate tectonics?

A

Ridge - push
Slab-pull
Convection

23
Q

What is ridge-push?

A

Elevated Mid-ocean ridge pushes lithosphere away (gravity)

24
Q

What is slab-pull?

A

Gravity pulls a subducting plate downward.

25
Q

What is convection in the asthenosphere?

A

Cool oceanic plate sinks while hot rises from the mantel.

Geology (9 decks)

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