Plasma Glucose: Insulin (lec 26) Flashcards
Primary regulatory hormones for plasma glucose?
insulin and glucagon
Secretion of insulin determined by?
Goal of insulin?
abundance of nutrients (fed state) ->
insulin stores the excess as fuel (↓ plasma glu): ↑ glu oxyidation ↑ glycogen synth ↑ fat synth ↑ protein synth
Secretion of glucagon determined by?
Goal of glucagon?
starvation (fast state) ->
mobilizes fuel (↑ plasma glu):
↑ glycogenolysis
↑ gluconeogenesis
↑ ketogenesis
Insulin/Glucagon released from?
pancreas:
alpha cell -> glucagon
beta cells -> insulin
Islet of Langerhans is?
Types of cells?
cluster of endocrine cells in pancreas
alpha -> glucagon
beta -> insulin
delta -> somatostatin
Insulin synth?
Similar to peptide hormones:
preproinsulin ->
proinsulin ->
stored in granules
Insulin secretory granules?
proinsulin cleaved into insulin/C-peptide
Insulin route of secretion?
Glucose -> beta cells ->
ATP prdxn -> ↑ Ca2+ ->
insulin exocytosed
Incretin Effect is?
ingested glucose ↑↑ insulin due to gut hormones
vs IV glu
Insulin feedback regulation?
nutrients that stim insulin secretion are also disposed by insulin
Insulin action on cell receptors?
insulin binds ⍺-recpt -> autophos β subunit -> activate tyrosine kinase/insulin receptor substrates (IRS)
Gluconeogenesis is?
synth of new glucose (AA -> glucose)
Glycogen synth is?
Δ glucose to glycogen for storage
Glucose uptake is?
transport of glucose to tissues
Oxidation is?
use of something for fuel (Δ glu to ATP)