Plasma Glucose: DM/Metabolic Synd

Question 1

DM causes chronic what?

Answer 1

hyperglycemia (impaired glucose tolerance)

Question 2

DM caused by what?

Answer 2

1) Inability of pancreas to secrete insulin

2) Inability of tissue to respond to insulin

Question 3

Chronic DM results in what conditions?

Answer 3

Neuropathy
Vascular Dz
Infection

Question 4

Type I DM is result of what?

Answer 4

immune-mediated destruction of β cells

Question 5

Stages of development of Type I?

Answer 5

Genetic predisposition ->
Precipitating even (u/k) ->
Overt immuno abnormalities/normal insulin ->
Progressive insulin loss/Glucose normal ->
Overt DM/C-peptides ->
No C-peptides

Question 6

Clinical presentation of Type I?

Answer 6

Hypergly induces:
polydipsia
polyuria (glucosuria)

Insulin deficiency induces:
polyphagia

Question 7

Diabetic Ketoacidosis????

Answer 7

slide 97??

Question 8

Ketone Bodies produced how?

Can be used for?

Answer 8

glucagon stim FA oxidation ->
excess FA oxid makes ketone bodies

fuel for brain during fasting state

Question 9

Type II DM caused by?

Answer 9

Obesity/Inactivity
Genetics
Aging

Question 10

Insulin resistance can result in? (4)

Answer 10

Type II
HTN
Dyslipidemia
Atherosclerosis

Question 11

Type II results in what changes in insulin signaling?

Answer 11

Downregulates insulin receptors

Impairs post-receptor signaling

Question 12

Type II insulin resistance occurs mainly where?

Is result of?

Answer 12

muscles

↓ insulin receptor content -> ↓ tyrosine kinase activity

IRS1/2 (insulin receptor substrate) defects -> ↓ glucose transport

Question 13

Tissue resistance to insulin results in?

Answer 13

↑ FA storage