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Q3 Physio II Test 3 > Adrenal Cotex/Medulla (lec 25) > Flashcards

Adrenal Cotex/Medulla (lec 25) Flashcards

1
Q

Adrenal glands regulate? (6)

A 
Fluid/mineral balance
Electro balance
Energy
Tissue injury response
Stress survival
CV tone
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2
Q

Mineralcorticoids are?

Secreted from?

A

hormones that regulate salt/H2O retention in kidney
e.g. aldosterone

Zona glomerulosa

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3
Q

Glucocorticoids are?

Secreted from?

A

hormones that regulate plasma glucose
e.g. cortisol

Zona fasciculata

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4
Q

Androgens are?

Secreted from?

A

sex hormones
e.g. DHEA, androstenedione

Zona reticularis

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5
Q

Adrenal Medulla made of what type of cells?

Secrete what?

A

chromaffin

Epi&raquo_space; Norepi

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6
Q

Adrenal Cortex hormes made from?

A

cholesterol

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7
Q

Steroid hormone synthesis?

A

Cholesterol Δ to steroid in organ-specific rxn

Hormone NOT stored (used up at time of synth)

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8
Q

Adrenalcortical Hormones: route of synth?

A

Hypothal: Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) ->

Ant Pit cortitrophs: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) ->

Adrenal Cortex:
activates cholesterol desmolase

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9
Q

Steroid synth precursor?

A

cholesterol

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10
Q

Steroid synth Step 1?

A

cholesterol + desmolase -> pregnenolone

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11
Q

Cortisol is?

A

glucocorticoid produced in zona fasciculata

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12
Q

Enzymes needed for Cortisol syth are found where?

A

in the z. fasc

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13
Q

Cortisol feedback regulation?

A

cortisol directly inhibits release of CRH and ACTH

ACTH stimulates release of more CRH

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14
Q

ACTH effects? (2)

A

1) Activate cholesterol desmolase

2) Stim adrenal gland growth

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15
Q

Cortisol released in response to?

Purpose?

A

stress

↑ glucose for CNS use

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16
Q

Cortisol ↑ blood glucose how?

A

↑ protein catabolism -> AA release
↑ lipolysis -> ↑ glycerol
↓ tissue uptake of glucose
↑ gluconeogenesis

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17
Q

Aldosterone is?

A

major mineralocorticoid

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18
Q

Aldosterone synth: where?

A

z glomerulosa

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19
Q

Aldosterone synth: route?

A

Same thru pregnenolone but NO 17-a-hydroxylase ->
Progesterone to corticosterone ->
+ aldosterone synthase (A via AngII) ->
aldosterone

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20
Q

Why doesn’t z glom produce glucocorticoids/androgens?

A

does not have 17⍺ hydroxylase

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21
Q

Aldosterone purpose?

A

regulate ECF vol via Na+ exc/reab

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22
Q

Aldosterone released in response to?

A

↓ ECF, ↓ BP (Ang II)

↑ plasma K+

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23
Q

Aldosterone results in?

A

Na+ reab
K+ excr
Expansion of ECF

24
Q

Androgens are?

A

sex hormones

25
Q

Androgens synth where?

A

z reticularis

26
Q

Androgens synth route?

A

Same thru 17-hydroxypregnenolone ->

17.20 Lyase -> Androstenedione

27
Q

Adrenal Androgens most important for?

A

major source of androgens for females

28
Q

Cushing’s disorders caused by?

A

excess glucocorticoids and androgens

29
Q

Cushing’s Syndrome from?

Sxs?

A

Primary adrenal hyperplasia

thin skin
mm wasting/protein wasting
central obesity
round face
buffalo hump
hyperglycemia
HTN
virilization (male characteristics)

↓ ACTH
↑ cortisol

30
Q

Cushing’s Disease from?

Sxs?

A

overactive ant pit -> excess ACTH

same as syndrome

↑ ACTH

31
Q

Addison’s Disease from?

A

primary adrenocortical insuff/autoimmune destruction of gland =
↓ synth of all adrenocortical hormones

32
Q

Addison’s Dz sxs if ↓ cortisol?

A

hypoglycemia, anorexia, wt loss, weakness

33
Q

Addison’s Dz sxs if ↓ aldosterone?

A

hyperK+, hypoTN, acidosis, salt craving

34
Q

Addison’s Dz sxs if ↓ androgens?

A

Females: ↓ pub/ax hair, ↓ libido

35
Q

2º Adrenocortical Insuff caused by?

A

↓ CRH or
cortitrophs Φ secrete ACTH

Aldosterone levels U normal

36
Q

2º Adrenocortical Insuff sxs?

A

same as low cortisol/androgens

37
Q

Conn’s Syndrome caused by?

A

Aldosterone hypersecretion (tumor)

38
Q

Conn’s Synd results in?

A

↑ Na+ reab -> hyperNa+/hypervol/HTN

↑ K+ secr -> hypoK+

↑ H+ secr -> meta alkalosis

↓ renin

39
Q

Androgenital Syndrome caused by?

A

hypersecretion of adrenal androgens

40
Q

Androgenital Synd sxs?

A

(from ↑ androgens)

Females w/ male traits

41
Q

21 β-hydroxylase Deficiency cased by?

A

Cortex Φ sythn glucocort or mineralocort

42
Q

21 β-hydroxylase Deficiency results in?

A

steroids buildup -> Δd to androgens ->
androgenital synd

High ACTH due to Φ feedback control in pit

43
Q

17 ⍺-hydroxylase Deficiency caused by?

A

Cortex Φ sythn glucocort or andorgens

44
Q

17 ⍺-hydroxylase Deficiency results in?

A

steroids buildup -> Δd to mineralcort

Low aldosterone due to HTN from high corticosterone (HTN ↓ renin)

45
Q

Adrenal Medulla innervation?

A

Sympathetic

46
Q

Medulla purpose?

A

secrete epi/norepi

Rapid mediation of fuel metabolism
Release glu and FFA during stress
Stim CV
Reg vascular sm mm fxn

47
Q

Epi/Norepi synth where?

Regulated by?

A

Adrenal medulla

Symp stim

48
Q

Acute Symp stim of medulla results in?

A

activates tyrosine hydroxylase

49
Q

Chronic symp stim of medulla results in?

A

↑ [tyrosine hydroxylase]

50
Q

Cortisol affects Epi/Norepi synth how?

A

activates phenyl-N-methyl

51
Q

Epi purpose for metabolism?

A

mobilize/produce glucose for CNS during stress

52
Q

Epi effects on skeletal mm and liver?

A

↑ glycogenolysis

53
Q

Epi effects on fat?

A

↑ lipolysis

54
Q

Epi effects on CV?

A 
↑ contract
↑ HR
↑ conduction
↑ BP
↑ arteriolar vasoconst (renal, splanchnic, cutaneous)
55
Q

Epi other effects?

A

bronch dila
pupil dila
↓ GI
↑ alertness

Q3 Physio II Test 3 (10 decks)

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