plants and their functions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

Photosynthesis is when green plants make their food from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of light.

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2
Q

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

A

carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

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3
Q

What type of reaction is photosynthesis?

A

Photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction that absorbs energy from the surroundings.

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4
Q

How do plants absorb water for photosynthesis?

A

The roots of a plant absorb water from the soil, and the xylem transports the water from the roots to the leaves.

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5
Q

What role do stomata play in photosynthesis?

A

Stomata allow carbon dioxide to enter the leaves and oxygen to exit.

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6
Q

What is the function of phloem in plants?

A

Phloem is the plant tissue that transports glucose around the plant.

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7
Q

What do plants use glucose for?

A

Plants use glucose to make fats and oils, for respiration, to convert into starch, to make amino acids, and to produce cellulose.

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8
Q

What happens to plants with variegated leaves?

A

Variegated leaves have less chlorophyll, leading to less light absorption, reduced photosynthesis, and stunted growth.

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9
Q

What are limiting factors of photosynthesis?

A

Limiting factors are factors that slow down the rate of photosynthesis, including temperature, light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, and the amount of chlorophyll.

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10
Q

How does temperature affect photosynthesis?

A

As temperature increases, photosynthesis increases up to its optimum temperature, but decreases if the temperature is too high.

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11
Q

What is the inverse square law in relation to light intensity?

A

The distance from the lamp and light intensity are inversely proportional; if you halve the distance, the light intensity will be 4 times greater.

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12
Q

What is transpiration?

A

Transpiration is the evaporation of water vapor through the stomata in the leaves.

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13
Q

What factors affect the rate of transpiration?

A

Factors include temperature, airflow, humidity, and light intensity.

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14
Q

What is translocation in plants?

A

Translocation is the movement of sugar up and down the plant.

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15
Q

What are the adaptations of root hair cells?

A

Root hair cells have a large surface area, thin walls for short diffusion distance, and many mitochondria for energy release.

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16
Q

What is the role of auxin in plant growth?

A

Auxin is a growth hormone that influences the direction of growth in response to gravity and light.

17
Q

What are some commercial uses of plant hormones?

A

Commercial uses include selective weed killers, rooting powder for cuttings, and controlling flower and fruit formation.

18
Q

What is the structure of xylem and phloem?

A

Xylem is made of dead cells and transports water, while phloem is made of living cells and transports sugars.

19
Q

What is the purpose of a potometer?

A

A potometer measures the rate of transpiration by tracking the movement of a bubble in a capillary tube.

20
Q

What are extreme adaptations in plants?

A

Deciduous plants lose leaves before winter, while cacti and conifers have adaptations to conserve water.

21
Q

How do you investigate plant growth responses?

A

Put cress seeds in a Petri dish with moist filter paper, cover with black card with a hole, and shine a light through the hole.