exchange and transport in animals

Question 1

Why is the exchange of materials important in organisms?

Answer 1

It is important for vital substances to be transported into organisms to dispose of waste products.

Question 2

How do plants exchange gases?

Answer 2

Plants take in carbon dioxide for photosynthesis and get rid of oxygen as a waste product.

Question 3

What is the role of the kidney in waste removal?

Answer 3

The kidney efficiently removes waste such as urea and excess ions. If excess urea is not removed, it can build up and become toxic.

Question 4

What are exchange surfaces?

Answer 4

Exchange surfaces are specialized structures in living organisms where materials are transferred between the organism and its environment.

Question 5

What are the characteristics of efficient exchange surfaces?

Answer 5

1. Large surface area
2. Thin walls
3. Good blood supply
4. Moist surface

Question 6

What is an example of an exchange surface in humans?

Answer 6

The alveoli in the lungs are exchange surfaces for gases.

Question 7

How do lungs and gills compare in terms of gas exchange?

Answer 7

Both exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide, but lungs are adapted for air and gills for water.

Question 8

What is the surface area to volume ratio?

Answer 8

The ratio shows how big a value is compared to another; larger organisms have a smaller surface area compared to their volume.

Question 9

How do alveoli adapt for gas exchange?

Answer 9

Alveoli have a large surface area, thin walls, and a moist surface, which facilitates diffusion.

Question 10

What is the role of plasma in blood?

Answer 10

Plasma transports dissolved substances, such as glucose and CO2, around the body.

Question 11

What do red blood cells do?

Answer 11

Red blood cells transport oxygen from the lungs to body cells for cellular respiration.

Question 12

What is the function of white blood cells?

Answer 12

White blood cells form part of the immune system and help defend against pathogens.

Question 13

What is the role of platelets in blood?

Answer 13

Platelets help the blood to clot and prevent excessive bleeding.

Question 14

What is a double circulatory system?

Answer 14

A system where blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs to collect oxygen and then to the rest of the body.

Question 15

What are the main parts of the heart?

Answer 15

The heart has four chambers: left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, and right ventricle.

Question 16

How does blood flow through the heart?

Answer 16

Blood enters the atria, is forced into the ventricles, and then pumped out of the heart.

Question 17

What is the function of coronary arteries?

Answer 17

Coronary arteries supply oxygen to the heart muscle cells.

Question 18

What controls the natural resting heart rate?

Answer 18

A group of cells in the right atrium called the pacemaker controls the heart rate.

Question 19

What is metabolism?

Answer 19

Metabolism is all the chemical processes that occur within a living organism.

Question 20

What do coronary arteries provide to the heart?

Answer 20

Coronary arteries provide oxygen to the muscle cells of the heart.

Question 21

What is the role of oxygen in heart muscle cells?

Answer 21

The oxygen is used in respiration to provide the energy for contraction.

Question 22

What controls the natural resting heart rate?

Answer 22

A group of cells found in the right atrium, called a pacemaker, controls the natural resting heart rate.

Question 23

What is an artificial pacemaker?

Answer 23

An artificial pacemaker is a small electrical device used to correct any abnormalities in your heart rate.

Question 24

What is metabolism?

Answer 24

Metabolism is all the chemical processes which occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.

Question 25

Why do we need energy?

Answer 25

We need energy for movement, to keep warm, and for chemical reactions to build larger molecules.

Question 26

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 26

Cellular respiration is a process that transfers energy from glucose and is continuously occurring in living cells.

Question 27

What type of reaction is respiration?

Answer 27

Respiration is an exothermic reaction because it releases energy.

Question 28

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 28

The word equation for aerobic respiration is: glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy.

Question 29

What is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 29

The symbol equation for aerobic respiration is: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O.

Question 30

What happens during anaerobic respiration in muscles?

Answer 30

During anaerobic respiration in muscles, glucose is converted into lactic acid.

Question 31

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles?

Answer 31

The equation is: glucose → lactic acid.

Question 32

What is anaerobic respiration?

Answer 32

Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen and releases much less energy than aerobic respiration.

Question 33

What happens during anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast?

Answer 33

Glucose is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide without the need for oxygen.

Question 34

What is fermentation?

Answer 34

Anaerobic respiration in yeast cells is called fermentation, which is used to make alcoholic drinks and bread.

Question 35

What is the aim of the core practical investigating respiration?

Answer 35

The aim is to investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of aerobic respiration in small organisms.

Question 36

What equipment is used in the respiration investigation?

Answer 36

Equipment includes a boiling tube with soda lime, capillary tube, weighing boat, stop clock, water baths, small organisms, and goggles.

Question 37

What is stroke volume?

Answer 37

Stroke volume is the volume of blood expelled out of the heart in one contraction.

Question 38

What is heart rate?

Answer 38

Heart rate is the number of beats per minute.

Question 39

How can we measure cardiac output?

Answer 39

Cardiac output can be measured by assessing stroke volume and heart rate.