Plants and Cells Flashcards
1
Q
Parenchyma Cells
A
- Flexible, thin-walled spherical cells found throughout plant
- Cell walls flatten when packed together
- Vary in structure and function
1
Q
Collenchyma Cells
A
- Elongated and occur in long strands to provide support
- Growth of unevenly thickened walls allows flexibility
2
Q
Sclerenchyma Cells
A
- Contain lignin in cell walls, making them strong
- Die once they’ve completed growth
- Primary function is support
3
Q
Meristematic Cells
A
- “Stem cells” of plants
- Found at tips of roots and shoots
- Able to differentiate
- Allows for easy cloning
4
Q
Vascular Tissue
A
- Tubes that run throughout stems, connecting roots and leaves.
- Transports water and dissolved substances
- Xylem transports water and minerals from roots to leaves
- Phloem transports sugars
5
Q
Phloem
A
Phloem transports food (sugars).
6
Q
Root Structure and Function
A
- Anchor plant to ground
- Allow water and mineral uptake
- Some act as storage areas
7
Q
Stem Structure and Function
A
- Allows physical support and transportation of sap
- Xylem strengthened with lignin
- 10 B x easier to move water in xylem than through cytoplasm
- Water moves through cohesion, adhesion & osmosis
8
Q
Transpiration
A
Flow of water through roots and leaves
9
Q
Vascular Plants
A
Have two organ systems: shoots and roots.
10
Q
Types of Stem Cells
A
- Embryonic stem cells - can differentiate into any kind of cell
- Tissue (Adult) stem cells - can only differentiate - into certain types of cells
11
Q
Shoot System
A
- Above ground
- Stems provide structural support and bear reproductive structures
- Leaves perform photosynthesis
12
Q
Root System
A
- Below ground
- Roots anchor the plant
- Roots absorb the water and minerals required
13
Q
Meristematic Tissues
A
Areas where new cells produced by mitosis
14
Q
Dermal Tissues
A
- Outer layers of cells forming protective covering
- Includes primary and secondary growth
