Plants Flashcards
What is Epidermal Tissue?
Epidermal Tissue covers plants and protects them
What is Palisade Mesophyll?
Palisade Mesophyll contains CHLOROPLASTS for PHOTOSYNTHESIS
What is Spongy Mesophyll?
Spongy Mesophyll contains SOME chloroplasts, but have AIR SPACE for DIFFUSION
What is Xylem?
Xylem carries WATER and DISSOLVED MINERALS from the roots to the leaves
What is Phloem?
Phloem carries DISSOLVED FOOD from the leaves around the plant
What is Meristem Differentiation?
Meristem Differentiation is where the Meristem Tissue DIFFERENTIATES into any tissue the plant needs. It RAPIDLY DIVIDES and is found at the SHOOTS and ROOTS of a plant
Revision notes -
Tissues, such as Palisade, Spongy Mesophyll, Xylem and Phloem are ARRANGED into ORGANS, with SPECIALISED FUNCTIONS
Revision Notes -
The ROOTS, STEM and LEAVES form an ORGAN SYSTEM for the Transport of Substances around the plant
How do plants make their food?
Photosynthesis
What is photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction that converts light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose which provides energy for the organism
What is the WORD equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon Dioxide + Water ——> Glucose + Oxygen
What is the SYMBOL EQUATION for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H20 + (energy) → C6H12O6 + 6O2
What stages are photosynthesis divided into?
- Light dependent
- Light independent
What is an endothermic reaction?
An endothermic reaction means energy is transferred from the surroundings to keep it going
How does CO2 reach the chloroplasts?
CO2 gets to the chloroplasts by going through -
—> Stomata —> Diffusion —> Air space —> Spongy Mesophyll —> Palisade Mesophyll —> Cell Membrane —> Chloroplasts
How is glucose (from photosynthesis) used?
Some of the glucose produced in photosynthesis is used in RESPIRATION , where energy is released by reacting glucose with oxygen
This energy can be used to -
- build other molecules, eg. Cellulose
- making amino acids, (which make proteins for growth and repair)
- making days and oils (to store energy)
Some glucose is converted to insoluble starch for storage as well.
What is the midrib?
The midrib supports the lead in a horizontal position (ie. the big strong vein in the middle of the leaf)
What does the mosaic arrangement of leaves do?
It is the arrangement of leaves on a plant that is best to catch light and avoids shading other leaves
What is the cuticle of a plant?
The cuticle protects the plant from dangers, such as drought, pathogen infection and helps to avoid water loss
What is the upper epidermis?
The upper epidermis is a layer of wax that is clear and allows light to penetrate. Helps to protect the leaf.
What is an adaptation of leaves?
They are very thin, so there is a smaller diffusion distance for gases and light to penetrate
What is stomata?
The stomata is responsible for gas exchange, where it allows gases in and out of the leaf. It is also responsible for regulating water movement through transpiration
What is the word equation for respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen –> Carbon Dioxide + Water + ENERGY
Glucose is combined with another molecule to make amino acids - what is that molecule?
Nitrates