PLANTS Flashcards
WHAT IS PHOTOSYNTHESIS
when plants (single-cell organisms) CONVERT light ENERGY into chemical energy
PHOTOSYNTHESIS WORD EQUATION
carbon dioxide + water —> glucose + oxygen
PHOTOSYNTHESIS SYMBOL EQUATION
6CO₂ + 6H₂O —> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
3 FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE RATE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
-tempature
-light
-CO2 concentration
= TLC
HOW ARE MINERALS IONS ABSORBED FROM SOIL
by active transport
HOW ARE ROOT HAIRS ADAPTED
they have a large surface area
WHY DO ROOT HAIRS CELLS NEED ENERGY TO TAKE UP MINERAL IONS
because they take up the ions and have to travel against the concentration gradient by active transport.
STARCH TEST
- place leaf in beaker of boiling water-opens cells(iodine)
- leaf into ethanol and heat- removes cholophyll
- flatten leaf and add iodine 3-4 drops- blue black
PHLOEM
transports sucrose and amino acids from leaves to other parts of the plant. Made of living cells, containing cytoplasm but no nucleus. draw it
XYLEM
transports water and mineral ions (e.g nitrate and magnesium) from the roots to all parts of the plant. draw it
AUXIN
- this is a plant hormone
- it makes cells that make the stem grow longer
- it moves awas from the light
- made in the tips and shoots
AUXIN DIFFUSSES…
downwards
AUXIN MOVES TO THE…
shady side
THE SHOOT MOVES
towards the sun
HOW DO YOU OBTAIN NITRATES/AMINO ACIDS
through the soil- root hairs -used for making proteins
HOW DO YOU OBTAIN WATER
through the soil- root hairs- used for photosynthesis
HOW DO YOU OBTAIN MAGNESIUM
through the soil- root hairs- making chlorophyll
HOW DO YOU OBTAIN CARBON DIOXIDE
from the air- used for photosynthesis
WHAT INVESTIGATION CAN YOU USE TO SEE IF CARBON DIOXIDE IS NESSARY FOR PHOTOSYTHESIS
- use a destarched plant (has been put in a dark place)
- put it in a glass container with a small petri dish of potassium hydroxide to remove the carbon dioxide
- leave for a few hours e.g 4 hours in a light place
- test leaves for strarch with iodine
- it won’t go blue and black because it is needed for photosynthesis
WHAT INVESTIGATION CAN YOU USE TO SEE IF LIGHT IS NEEDED FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS
- put pond weed + water in a test tube and O² bubbles should come off
- move the lamp away from the plant- at 10cm intervals
- count the number of bubbles per minute 3 times at each distance
WHAT IS THE INDEPENDANT VARIBLE
the factor being changed by the person doing the experiment
WHAT IS THE DEPENDANTENT VARIBLE
what is being measured by the person doing the experiment
WHAT IS THE CONTROLLED VARIBLE
the thing that must be kept the same
PLANT RESPONSES -SHOOT- why is important
grows towards the light and away from the force of gravity $IMPORTANT CUZ$ -get light for photosynthesis -grow higher than other plants -grow above grazing animals
WHY DO ROOTS GROW AWAY FROM LIGHT AND TOWARDS GRAVITY
to get water from the soil, to support the plant- give stability
GROWTH RESPONSES (2 of them)
PHOTOTROPISM- responds to light
GEOTROPISM- responds to gravity
POSITIVELY PHOTOTROPIC
NEGATIVELY PHOTOTROPIC
positively- shoots
negatively- roots
POSITIVELY GEOTROPISM
NEGATIVELY GEOTROPISM
positively- roots
negatively- shoots
LABEL A PLANT CELL
LABEL A PLANT CELL
HOW ARE LEAVES ADAPTED FOR THEIR FUNCTION
- large surface area to absorb light
- thin- short diffusion distance for CO²
- veins- transport water into the leaf (also support)
- waxy surface- stops leaves losing water
- flat surface towards the sun
- green contains chlorophyll
DRAW AND LABEL THE CROSS SECTION OF A LEAF
DRAW AND LABEL THE CROSS SECTION OF A LEAF
