CO-ORDINATION + RESPONSE IN HUMANS

Question 1

how do organisms respond to change in the environment

Answer 1

1. STIMULUS-internal or external change
2. RECEPTORS-sense organs
3. CO-ORDINATORS-brain
4. EFFECTOR-muscle or gland
5. RESPONSE-action taken

Question 2

what does HOMEOSTASIS control

Answer 2

1. TEMPERATURE-too hot (enzymes control things like respiration)
2. WATER CONTENT- to much (blood is dilute) to little (blood is constentrated

Question 3

1.STIMULUS-hight temperature

Answer 3

2. RECEPTORS-skin
3. CO-ORDINATORS-brain
4. EFFECTORS-sweat gland
5. RESPONSE-sweating

Question 4

VASODILATION-hot weather

Answer 4

1. muscle cells in the arterioles (small ateries) relax
   - this causes dilation of blood vessels
   * they get wider
   * more blood flows through capillaries
   * more heat can be lost by radiation
   * red skin

Question 5

VASOCONSTRICTION-cold weather

Answer 5

1. muscle cells in the arterioles (small ateries) contract
   - this causes constriction of blood vessels
   * they get narrower
   * less blood flows through capillaries
   * less heat can be lost by radiation
   * pale skin

Question 6

sense organs

Answer 6

see
touch
taste
hear
smell

Question 7

Hormonal system

Answer 7

• slow responses
• long-lasting
• GLANDULAR cells that makes hormones
• hormones transported in the blood

Question 8

Nervous system

Answer 8

• fast response
• short-lasting
• Nerve cells involved
• electrical impules go along nerves

Question 9

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS)

Answer 9

made of brain and spinal cord and is linked to sense organsby nerves.

Question 10

3 types of NEURONES

Answer 10

SENSORY-take messages from receptors
RELAY-transfere messages from sensory neurons to other nerve cells
MOTOR-take messages from CNS to effectors (e.g muscles or glands)

Question 11

1. neurotransmitter diffuses across the synapase
2. nerve impules travels along a neurone
3. at the end of the neurone vesictes of neurotransmitter join the cell membrane
4. neurotransmitter triggers an impules in the next neurone

Answer 11

2.
3.
1.
4.

Question 12

role of the neurotransmitters at synapses

Answer 12

it makes sure that nerve impules can only travel in one direction along a nerve pathway

Question 13

EYE distant objects

Answer 13

• Ciliary muscles relax
• suspensory ligament pulled tight
• lens pulled thin

Question 14

EYE nearby objects

Answer 14

• ciliary muscles contact
• suspensory ligaments slackened
• lens allowed to bulge

Question 15

in darkness

Answer 15

• pupil gets bigger (dilates)
• circular muscles in the iris relax
• radial muscles in the iris contract
• iris pulls open the pupil

Question 16

in bright light

Answer 16

• pupil gets smaller (constricts)
• circular muscles in the iris contract
• radial muscles in the iris relax
• iris makes the pupil smaller

Question 17

ADRENALINE

Answer 17

ADRENAL GLAND

makes heart beat faster

Question 18

INSULIN

Answer 18

PANCREAS

causes liver and muscles take glucose and restores blood level to normal

Question 19

TESTOSTERONE

Answer 19

TESTES

development of male sex organs

Question 20

OESTROGEN

PROGESTRONE

Answer 20

OVARIES
development of sex organs, lining of uterus to get thick and sponge
maintains lining of uterus