FOOD AND DIGESTION Flashcards
CARBS
- pasta, bread
- energy
PROTEIN
- meat, egg
- growth and repair
LIPID
- oil,butter,cheese
- store of energy for emergencies
VITAMIN A
- liver, carrots
- vision, hair and skin heath
VITAMIN B
- brown rice, yeast extract
- chemical reactions in the bod e.g respiration
VITAMIN C
- orange,lemons
- scurvy
VITAMIN D
- egg, butter, cheese
- needed for calcium absorbtion
CALCIUM
MINERAL
- milk,cheese
- strong bones and teeth
IRON
MINERAL
- red meats, lentils
- haemoglobin (health blood)
WATER
- food,drink
- every bod function-lost through breathing+sweating
DIETARY FIBRE
- wholemeal bread
- helps push food through gut
WHY WOULD A PREGANT WOMAN NEED MORE ENERGY THAN A MAN
they need to provide energy for two people
MOUTH
- broken in to small peices by teeth
- mixed with saliva (contains amylase to break down starch.
OESOPHAGUS
- takes food to the stomach
- muscle contraction called peristalsis
STOMACH
- digest protein using protease
- stomach enzymes need hydrochloric acid.
- acid kills bacteria
- thick muscular walls churning food + mixing with enzymes
SMALL INTESTINE
- DUODENUM
- enzymes from the pancreas mix with the food.
- to digest starch, protein and lipids the enzymes are = lipase, protease and amylase - ILEUM
- the wall makes enzymes such as maltasd, protease and lipase
- small molcules are absorbed through the wall of the ileum into the blood
LARGE INTESTINE
- COLON
- absorbs water from undigested food to make faeces - RECTUM
- end of colon
- compacted
- push out of anus by egestion
PANCREAS
- produces amylase, lipase and protease enzymes
- these are then released into the small intestine
PERISTALSIS
Is the movement of the food along the digestive system by muscular contraction
DIGESTION OF STARCH
STARCH—>MALTOSE by AMYLASE
DIGESTION OF MALTOSE
MALTOSE—>GLUCOSE by MALTASE
DIGESTION OF PROTEINS
PROTIEN—>AMINO ACIDS by PROTEASES
DIGESTION OF LIPIDS
LIPIDS—>FATTU ACIDS + GLYCEROL by LIPASES
BILE- MADE
in the liver
BILE-STORED
in the gall bladder
BILE-HELPS
helps digest lipids (fats)
BILE-MOVES
- first through BILE DUCT
- then into the duodenum
BILE-NEUTRALISES
bile = ALKALINE
so it neutralises the stomach acid
VILLUS-PLURAL
villi
VILLUS-THE WALL IS…
one cell thick
VILLUS-THE LACTEAL (MIDDLE BIT)
absorbs fatty acids
VILLUS-BLOOD CAPILLARIES (going across lacteal- looks like waves)
absorbs
- glucose
- ammino acids
- minerals
- vitamins
- water
VILLUS-MICROVILLI
- each cell has one
- to increase suface area for absorbtion
