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Biology > Plants > Flashcards

Plants Flashcards

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0
Q

What is phototropism?what is the negative and positive response?

A

Response to light , positive shoot response , negative root response

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1
Q

What is geotropism and what is the response of the plant ?

A

Tropism to gravity , positive root response , negative shoot response

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2
Q

What is hydrotropism ? What is positive and negative ?

A

Response to water , positive root response , no shoot response

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3
Q

What is a tropism?

A

A directional growth movement made by a part of a stationary plant in response to unilateral stimulus

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4
Q

Why is geotropism important?

A

The roots find water and mineral salts in the earth , they also stabilise the plant

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5
Q

Experiment for geotropism ?

A

Grow seeds in different directions and put the seed dish vertical. All of the roots will grow down and shoots will grow up no matter where they are

Clinostat

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6
Q

Importance of phototropism?

A

Maximises photosynthesis , negative root response orientates plant

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7
Q

Importance of hydrotropism

A

Locate water for photosynthesis

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8
Q

Which part of the plant is responsible for growth hormones ?how do you know this ?

A

The tip_coleoptiles

If you remove the coleoptile and put it on another plant , that plant will grow

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9
Q

What happens if the coleoptile is covered ?

A

The plant wont bend but will grow

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10
Q

What is the hormone released by the coleoptile called ?

A

Auxin

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11
Q

What does auxin stimulate ?

A

Growth

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12
Q

Can auxin diffuse through an agar block and still work ?

A

Yes auxin is water soluble

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13
Q

Learn the mother fucking cross section of a leaf

A

Okay

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14
Q

If a leaf is growing in a dry environment what adaptations would you expect ?

A
  • waxy surface prevent excess transpiration
  • fewer stomata
  • smaller leaves
  • deep roots
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15
Q

In plants what is nitrate used for ?

A

Making amino acids and protein

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16
Q

What is magnesium used for in plants?

A

Chlorophyll production

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17
Q

What are sulphates used for ?

A

Dna production

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18
Q

structure and adaptation of the waxy cuticle

A

Thin and waxy layer on too of the leaf , reduces water loss via transpiration

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19
Q

Upper and lower epidermis : structure and adaptation

A

Relatively transparent and few chloroplasts . Allows light to pass through into the palisade cells

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20
Q

Palisade mesophyll : structure and adaption

A

Elongated shape contains hundreds of chloroplasts

21
Q

Spongy mesophyll : structure and adaptations

A

Loosely packed cells leave air spaces . Allows gasses to diffuse in and out of the mesophyll

22
Q

Stomata : stricture and adaptations

A

A gap between guard cells , only on lower epidermis.allows co2 in and o2 and h2o out and can alter shape to open or close

23
Q

What are the molecules required for photosynthesis ?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

24
Q

Do the products of photosynthesis contain more or less energy than the reactants ?

A

More

25
Q

Why is glucose stored as starch ?

A
  • takes up less space
  • stored more easil
  • not water soluble
26
Q

What do you test for starch with ?

A

Iodine

27
Q

what are the factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis ?

A
  • co2 concentration
  • light intensity
  • temperature
28
Q

What are the products of photosynthesis ? And where do they go ?

A

Glucose and oxygen- the glucose is either stored as starch , used to make cellulose , used in respiration
Oxygen is released , used a bit in respiration

29
Q

What do the graphs of the limiting factors of photosynthesis look like ?

A

Light intensity - goes up but reaches a plateau
Carbon dioxide - ^^^^^
Temperature- goes up then down

30
Q

Why is light a limiting factor ?

A

Even if there is load sof co2 and h2o the plant still will be unable to photosynthesise fast with out light intensity

31
Q

Why is co2 a limiting factor ?

A

Carbon dioxide is required compound for photosynthesis … A reactant

32
Q

Why is temperature a limiting factor ?

A

To cold and photosynthesis is slow.., to high and enzymes denature

33
Q

Limiting factors of transpiration ?

A

Light intensity , humidity , wind , temperature , atmospheric pressure and water supply

34
Q

How does light affect transpiration ?

A

Light intensity stimulates the stomatas to open, more photosynthesis and more co2 needed … More transpiration

35
Q

How does humidity affect transpiration ?

A

Higher humidity less transpiration … Higher water concentration in air means less diffusion

36
Q

How does wind affect transpiration rate ?

A

When there is wind the water vapour is released meaning more transpiration and diffusion takes place going down the concentration gradient

37
Q

How does temperature affect the rate of transpiration ?

A

Higher temperature more water evaporates , diffusion faster in higher temps

38
Q

How does atmospheric pressure affect diffusion ?

A

Fewer particles around plant more diffuse out

39
Q

What is the xylem ?

A

Tissue made up of the cell walls of dead cells . It transports water and dissolved mineral ions up the plant

40
Q

What is the phloem ?

A

The phloem tissue is made of living cells . Transports sucrose and amino acids around the plant in
Bother directions

41
Q

On a cross diagram of a stem .. Where is the xylem

And phloem

A

Vascular bundles… Xylem inside , phloem outside , pith is the middle , cortex outer

42
Q

Phloem structure ?

A

Perforated walls , two way flow , living cell tissue

43
Q

What is a potometer ?

A

A device that measure the rate of transpiration

44
Q

what are the limitations of a potometer ?

A

Measure water uptake ( some water used in other things )

  • cutting the plant shoot may damage the plant
  • plant has no roots not realistic
45
Q

What is a xerophyte ?

A

Plants that are adapted to live in dry areas

46
Q

Adaptations of xerophytes ?

A
  • thick waxy cuticle
  • hair , traps layer of air , prevent transp
  • rolled leaves less surface area available
47
Q

What is the effect of transpiration?

A
  • it draws water up the stems

- has a cooling effect

48
Q

A potometer can be used for ?

A
  • measuring water uptake in a plant
  • rate of transpiration
  • compare rate of transpiration
49
Q

What is osmosis ?

A

The movement of water down a concentration gradient through a partially permeable
Membrane

50
Q

How do you set up a potometer ?

A

1) cut a leafy shoot underwater
2) insert the leafy shoot
3) fill the potometer with coloured water and fit the stopper
4) seal all of the connections in the aparatus
5) create an air bubble in the tube
6) measure the movement of the water

Biology (14 decks)

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