PLANTS

Question 1

What is meant by the term monocotyledonous?

Answer 1

One seed leaf.

Question 2

Give an example of a monocotyledonous plant.

Answer 2

Grasses.

Question 3

How would you know from a diagram that the section is taken from:
(i) a stem
(ii) a monocot

Answer 3

(i) More than one (vascular) bundle
(ii) Bundles scattered

Question 4

How are the veins arranged in the leaves of monocots?

Answer 4

Parallel.

Question 5

How does the vein arrangement in the leaves of dicot plants differ from that in monocots?

Answer 5

Network of veins (reticulate).

Question 6

Why is a dicotyledonous (dicot) plant so called?

Answer 6

Two seed leaves.

Question 7

Which of the tissue types has a different location in a young root?

Answer 7

Vascular

Question 7

Name a dicotyledonous plant

Answer 7

Buttercup

Question 8

Where precisely is the vascular tissue found in the root?

Answer 8

In the centre.

Question 9

Give one function of ground tissue.

Answer 9

Gives strength to the plant/ stores food.

Question 10

Which tissue is composed of living cells?

Answer 10

Phloem

Question 11

What is the function of meristematic tissue?

Answer 11

Mitosis

Question 12

Give two features of the xylem that facilitate the upward movement of water.

Answer 12

Narrow tube and has pits.

Question 13

Name and briefly explain any two processes involved in the upward movement of water in
plants.

Answer 13

Adhesion: H2O attracted to walls
Cohesion: H2O (molecules) attracted to each other

Question 14

When demonstrating osmosis:
1. What did you use as a selectively permeable membrane?

2.   What led you to conclude that osmosis had occurred?

Answer 14

1.Visking tubing
2. Increase in mass

Question 15

When isolating DNA from plant tissue:
1. Give a reason for adding salt (NaCl) to the chopped plant tissue.

 2. Why was the mixture containing the chopped plant tissue, salt, and washing‐up
   liquid kept at 60 °C for a period of time?

Answer 15

1. to separate protein from DNA
2. to denature enzymes that would destroy DNA

Question 16

Vascular tissue that transports photosynthesis products:

Answer 16

Phloem

Question 17

Structural features of phloem:

Answer 17

Sieve tubes and companion cells.

Question 18

Relationship between rates of transpiration and water uptake:

Answer 18

As water uptake increases (or decreases) transpiration also increases
(or decreases)

Question 19

Reason for relationship:

Answer 19

High transpiration allows more water to be taken in.

Question 20

Conditions for highest transpiration rate:

Answer 20

Highest temperature

Question 21

Cells controlling stomata:

Answer 21

Guard cells

Question 22

Advantage of stomata underneath:

Answer 22

Reduces water loss by transpiration

Question 23

Disadvantage of high transpiration rate:

Answer 23

Wilting

Question 24

Plant response to high transpiration rate (wilting)

Answer 24

Close stomata

Question 25

Name both Irish scientists who proposed the theory of water movement in plants.

Answer 25

Dixon and Joly

Question 26

In which zone is water absorbed from the soil?

Answer 26

Differentiation

Question 27

Name the process through water is absorbed from the soil:

Answer 27

Osmosis

Question 28

Name the tissue that transports water in roots:

Answer 28

Xylem

Question 29

Explain the importance of the section being thin.

Answer 29

light can pass through the section

Question 30

What is the meristem?

Answer 30

Region where mitosis can occur

Question 31

Give two locations in plants where meristematic tissue may be found.

Answer 31

Bud and vascular bundles.

Question 32

Give a function for 1. Dermal tissue 2. Vascular tissue

Answer 32

1. Protection 2. Transports minerals, water and sugars to different plant parts,.

Question 33

Monocotyledonous plants are almost always herbaceous.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Adhesion

Answer 34

different molecules sticking together

Question 35

Transport of water is caused by

Answer 35

Transpiration, Adhesion, Cohesion, Root Pressure

Question 36

Perennials

Answer 36

Plants that survive from one growing season to the next by storing food as starch.

Question 37

An example of a bulb?

Answer 37

Onion

Question 38

Modified Stems

Answer 38

Stem tubers are the swollen ends of underground stems e.g. potato

Question 39

Modified roots

Answer 39

Carrots

Question 40

Gas exchange in the leaf.

Answer 40

Stomata - lower leaf CO2 in and O2 out by photosynthesis. Water vapor lost by transpiration. Stomata open during day to allow photosynthesis and closed at night to reduce water loss.

Question 41

Gas exchange in stems

Answer 41

Lenticels are openings in the bark of trees that allow O2 in and CO2 and water vapour out.

Question 42

How does CO2 control gas exchange in leaves.

Answer 42

Causes the opening and closing of stomata. CO2 levels low in plant = stomata open.

Question 43

Minerals CO2 O2 Glucose Growth regulators

Answer 43

Needed for synthesizing plant components e.g. calcium Needed for photosynthesis Used for respiration (diffuses through air spaces) Formed by photosynthesis and used in respiration, it is stored as starch For coordination of plant responses and move by diffusion and active transport.

Question 44

State two functions of a root

Answer 44

Absorbs minerals and water Anchors the plant

Question 44

Three sections of a root

Answer 44

Differentiation Elongation Protection

Question 45

What is the function of lenticels

Answer 45

Gaseous exchange

Question 46

In flowering plants the point of attachment of the leaf to the stem is called the

Answer 46

Node

Question 47

Two functions of a xylem

Answer 47

Transport of minerals, salt and water Support plant

Question 48

Two differences between a monocot and a dicot

Answer 48

Monocot: Has parallel veins and flower in groups of three Dicot: Has a network of veins and flower in groups of 4 and 5.

Question 49

What is a cotyledon?

Answer 49

A seed leaf

Question 50

Function of phloem:

Answer 50

Sieve tubes transport food from leaves to the rest of the plant.

Question 51

Define transpiration

Answer 51

The loss of water vapor from a plant, mainly through the stomata of the leaves.

Question 52

Name the waxy coating on some leaves that help reduce the rate of respiration.

Answer 52

Cuticle