PLANTS Flashcards
What is meant by the term monocotyledonous?
One seed leaf.
Give an example of a monocotyledonous plant.
Grasses.
How would you know from a diagram that the section is taken from:
(i) a stem
(ii) a monocot
(i) More than one (vascular) bundle
(ii) Bundles scattered
How are the veins arranged in the leaves of monocots?
Parallel.
How does the vein arrangement in the leaves of dicot plants differ from that in monocots?
Network of veins (reticulate).
Why is a dicotyledonous (dicot) plant so called?
Two seed leaves.
Which of the tissue types has a different location in a young root?
Vascular
Name a dicotyledonous plant
Buttercup
Where precisely is the vascular tissue found in the root?
In the centre.
Give one function of ground tissue.
Gives strength to the plant/ stores food.
Which tissue is composed of living cells?
Phloem
What is the function of meristematic tissue?
Mitosis
Give two features of the xylem that facilitate the upward movement of water.
Narrow tube and has pits.
Name and briefly explain any two processes involved in the upward movement of water in
plants.
Adhesion: H2O attracted to walls
Cohesion: H2O (molecules) attracted to each other
When demonstrating osmosis:
1. What did you use as a selectively permeable membrane?
2. What led you to conclude that osmosis had occurred?
1.Visking tubing
2. Increase in mass
When isolating DNA from plant tissue:
1. Give a reason for adding salt (NaCl) to the chopped plant tissue.
2. Why was the mixture containing the chopped plant tissue, salt, and washing‐up liquid kept at 60 °C for a period of time?
- to separate protein from DNA
- to denature enzymes that would destroy DNA
Vascular tissue that transports photosynthesis products:
Phloem
Structural features of phloem:
Sieve tubes and companion cells.
Relationship between rates of transpiration and water uptake:
As water uptake increases (or decreases) transpiration also increases
(or decreases)
Reason for relationship:
High transpiration allows more water to be taken in.
Conditions for highest transpiration rate:
Highest temperature
Cells controlling stomata:
Guard cells
Advantage of stomata underneath:
Reduces water loss by transpiration
Disadvantage of high transpiration rate:
Wilting
Plant response to high transpiration rate (wilting)
Close stomata
Name both Irish scientists who proposed the theory of water movement in plants.
Dixon and Joly
In which zone is water absorbed from the soil?
Differentiation
Name the process through water is absorbed from the soil:
Osmosis
Name the tissue that transports water in roots:
Xylem
Explain the importance of the section being thin.
light can pass through the section
What is the meristem?
Region where mitosis can occur
Give two locations in plants where meristematic tissue may be found.
Bud and vascular bundles.
Give a function for
1. Dermal tissue
2. Vascular tissue
- Protection
- Transports minerals, water and sugars to different plant parts,.
Monocotyledonous plants are almost always herbaceous.
True
Adhesion
different molecules sticking together
Transport of water is caused by
Transpiration, Adhesion, Cohesion, Root Pressure
Perennials
Plants that survive from one growing season to the next by storing food as starch.
An example of a bulb?
Onion
Modified Stems
Stem tubers are the swollen ends of underground stems e.g. potato
Modified roots
Carrots
Gas exchange in the leaf.
Stomata - lower leaf
CO2 in and O2 out by photosynthesis.
Water vapor lost by transpiration.
Stomata open during day to allow photosynthesis and closed at night to reduce water loss.
Gas exchange in stems
Lenticels are openings in the bark of trees that allow O2 in and CO2 and water vapour out.
How does CO2 control gas exchange in leaves.
Causes the opening and closing of stomata. CO2 levels low in plant = stomata open.
Minerals
CO2
O2
Glucose
Growth regulators
Needed for synthesizing plant components e.g. calcium
Needed for photosynthesis
Used for respiration (diffuses through air spaces)
Formed by photosynthesis and used in respiration, it is stored as starch
For coordination of plant responses and move by diffusion and active transport.
State two functions of a root
Absorbs minerals and water
Anchors the plant
Three sections of a root
Differentiation
Elongation
Protection
What is the function of lenticels
Gaseous exchange
In flowering plants the point of attachment of the leaf to the stem is called the
Node
Two functions of a xylem
Transport of minerals, salt and water
Support plant
Two differences between a monocot and a dicot
Monocot: Has parallel veins and flower in groups of three
Dicot: Has a network of veins and flower in groups of 4 and 5.
What is a cotyledon?
A seed leaf
Function of phloem:
Sieve tubes transport food from leaves to the rest of the plant.
Define transpiration
The loss of water vapor from a plant, mainly through the stomata of the leaves.
Name the waxy coating on some leaves that help reduce the rate of respiration.
Cuticle
