HUMAN NUTRITION

Question 1

What is nutrition?

Answer 1

The way in which an organism obtains and uses it’s food.

Question 2

Autotroph

Answer 2

An organism that makes its own food.

Question 3

Heterotroph

Answer 3

An organism that consumes food from the environment.

Question 4

What are the three groups of heterotrophs?

Answer 4

Carnivore
Herbivore
Omnivore

Question 5

What is an carnivore?

Answer 5

Only eats meat

Question 6

What is an herbivore?

Answer 6

Only eats plants

Question 7

What is an omnivore?

Answer 7

Eats both plants and meat

Question 8

What is digestion?

Answer 8

Physical and chemical breakdown of food into soluble particles.

Question 9

What is the digestive system?

Answer 9

It’s where food breakdown and absorption occurs.

Question 10

What are the glands that secrete digestive juices?

Answer 10

Salivary glands, pancreas and liver.

Question 11

What are the main events in nutrition?

Answer 11

Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Egestion

Question 12

What is ingestion?

Answer 12

Food is taken in through the mouth.

Question 13

What is absorption?

Answer 13

Digested food passes into the bloodstream (through the walls of the intestines)

Question 14

What is egestion?

Answer 14

Removal of unabsorbed waste from the body.

Question 15

Describe physical digestion in the mouth.

Answer 15

Teeth and chewing physically break down food.

Question 16

How many teeth does an adult have?

Answer 16

32

Question 17

What are the 4 types of teeth and where are they located in the mouth/shape and what is their function?

Answer 17

Incisors - front of the mouth, cut food
Canines - pointed, grip, and tear food
Premolars - large flat surface, crush, and grind food
Molars - large flat surface - crush, and grind food

Question 18

What is the dental formula?

Answer 18

I 2/2 C 1/1 P 2/2 M 3/3 = 16

Question 19

Describe how you’d draw the teeth.

Answer 19

Incisor = half square
Canine = V
Premolar = gentle W
Molar = larger gentle W

Question 20

Describe chemical digestion in the mouth.

Answer 20

Salivary glands produce saliva that is made of water, enzymes (amylase), mucus, and salt.

Question 21

What else does saliva contain?

Answer 21

Lysozyme that kills bacterial cells.

Question 22

What is the optimum Ph in the mouth?

Answer 22

7

Question 23

What does mucus and water do?

Answer 23

Moisten food and make it easier to swallow.

Question 24

What does salivary amylase do?

Answer 24

Begins digestion of starch in the mouth.

Question 25

What is food chewed into?

Answer 25

A ball called bolus.

Question 26

What is the oesophagus?

Answer 26

A muscular tube that carries food from the pharynx to the stomach. Muscular contractions carry the food down.

Question 27

What is peristalsis?

Answer 27

Contraction and relaxation of the muscular wall of the gut to move food along.

Question 28

How does mechanical digestion occur in the stomach?

Answer 28

Peristalsis mixes the food with HCI and digestive enzymes (food is churned)

Question 29

Peristalsis in the small intestine.

Answer 29

A slower rate allows food more contact time with enzymes and walls of the intestine for absorption.

Question 30

Peristalsis in the large intestine.

Answer 30

Vey slow peristalsis to allow more absorption of water.