HUMAN BREATHING SYSTEM Flashcards
Give two features of the alveoli and capillaries that allow for efficient gas exchange
Large surface area
Thin walled
Name a disorder of the breathing system and say how it may be:
1. Caused.
2. Prevented.
3.Treated
Asthma
1. Allergic reaction e.g. pollen.
2. Avoid your triggers.
3. Inhaler.
Which gas, dissolved in the blood, can trigger deeper or faster breathing?
Carbon dioxide.
In the course of your practical studies you found that heart rate and breathing rate increase
with exercise.
Explain why this is the case.
More oxygen is required.
When you investigated the effect of exercise on the human pulse rate or breathing rate what did you first establish?
Resting pulse rate.
How did you measure pulse rate or breathing rate?
Feel your pulse, count the heart beats for a minute and repeat and find average.
Outline the details of the process of inhalation.
The brain sends a message to muscles causing the intercostals and the diaphragm to contract.
The ribcage moves up and out and the diaphragm moves down. Volume of thoracic cavity increases. The pressure drops and air rushes in.
Name a structure found in the cells in which carbon dioxide is produced.
Mitochondrion
Give a feature of a capillary which allows the rapid uptake of carbon dioxide.
Wall one cell thick
Carbon dioxide levels are usually higher in venous blood than arterial blood. Why is this the case?
Venous blood has collected CO2
Name a blood vessel which is an exception to the situation outlined in (iii) above
Pulmonary Artery: Brings CO2-rich blood to the lungs.
Briefly outline the role of carbon dioxide in the control of the human breathing rate.
More CO2 results in faster breathing.
What is the pulse?
Alternate expansion and contraction of arteries.
What makes the wrist a suitable part of the body to detect a pulse?
Arteries are close to the surface of the skin.
What is the control for the breathing system experiment?
Rate of pulse measured at rest.
What the purpose of the control?
To compare results.
How can you measure recovery time?
Immediately after exercise count your pulse per minute and measure the length of time it took for you to get back to resting rate.
Explain the term homeostasis
Maintenance of constant internal environment
Why is homeostasis important in the human body?
It keeps temperature (or
pH) suitable for enzyme reactions.
Blood vessel that capillary arises from.
Pulmonary artery (arteriole)
Give three features of alveoli or their capillaries that allow for efficient gas exchange.
Large surface area
The wall is one cell thick
Moist surface
Name the structures involved in gaseous exchange:
Alveoli
Identify the gas that controls the rate of breathing:
CO2
Identify the region of the human brain that detects the gas CO2:
Medulla oblongata
How does the breathing system respond to a high level of CO2?
Increases rate of breathing.
Name the process involved in the passage of gas between the alveoli and the blood.
Diffusion.
