HEART AND BLOOD VESSELS, LYMPHATIC SYSTEM Flashcards
If there is a dot in the heart was is that?
Pacemaker
Right and down in heart is..
Left ventricle
Bicuspid valve is
Line at top
What is the function of a pacemaker?
Controls heartbeat
Name two circuits which make up the human circulatory system.
Systemic circuit
Pulmonary circuit
Which of the circuits involves blood being pumped by the left ventricle?
Systemic circuit.
How are the gases transported in the blood?
By haemoglobin.
What is the average rate at rest?
72/bpm
Suggest a relationship between recovery time and a person’s degree of physical activity.
The more fit one is the less time it will take for them to recover.
Describe how you would investigate the effect of exercise on this rate.
Find your pulse. e.g. hand on the wrist
Count your bpm to calculate your resting heart rate.
Do exercise e.g. run
When done straight away measure your pulse by counting the number of heartbeats for a minute.
Keep repeating until the pulse has gone back to its resting rate.
Calculate how long it took for you to recover.
Describe how you dissected a mammalian heart in order to investigate the internal structure of atria and ventricles.
Cut into the left side of the heart through the left atrium and left ventricle using a scalpel.
Inspect the inside: locate the bicuspid valve.
Repeat the steps on the right side of the heart and locate the tricuspid valve.
State the procedure that you followed to expose a semilunar valve.
Cut through the base of the aorta.
Why has one chamber of the heart more muscle in its wall?
It has to pump blood to the entire body.
State one precise location in the human body at which red blood cells are made.
Red bone marrow.
State two ways in which red blood cells differ from typical body cells.
No nucleus
No mitochondria
Explain what a closed system is.
Where the blood is always enclosed in the blood vessels.
Which circuit involves pumping blood by the left ventricle?
Systemic circuit.
Contrast the structure of arteries and veins.
Artery - small lumen, no valves, elastic fibre, and smooth muscle.
Vein - large lumen, has valves
Give reasons for any two differences in structure of arteries and veins.
Veins have valves to prevent a backflow of blood. Blood flows in arteries in pulses.
Smooth muscle allows for contraction and expansion under pressure.
Give a brief explanation on why the septum separates the two sides of the human heart.
To prevent oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing
State the location of the sinoatrial (SA) in the heart.
Wall of right atrium.
What is the function of the coronary (cardiac) artery
To supply the cardiac muscle, cells, or tissues with blood.
Name the period of the heart cycle when the cardiac muscle of the heart is:
1. Contracting
2. Not contracting
- Systole
- Diastole
Explain how you know the ventricles are contracting
Semilunar valves are open
Name the blood vessel that carries the digested nutrients:
Hepatic portal vein
To what organ in the body are these nutrients first transported?
Liver
Identify the particular type of white blood cell that produces antibodies:
Lymphocytes
Identify one other type of white blood cell:
Monocyte
How did you identify the right-hand side from the left-hand side of the heart?
Left side is thicker.
What is measured when a person’s blood pressure is taken:
Systolic and diastolic pressures
