HEART AND BLOOD VESSELS, LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

Question 1

If there is a dot in the heart was is that?

Answer 1

Pacemaker

Question 2

Right and down in heart is..

Answer 2

Left ventricle

Question 3

Bicuspid valve is

Answer 3

Line at top

Question 4

What is the function of a pacemaker?

Answer 4

Controls heartbeat

Question 5

Name two circuits which make up the human circulatory system.

Answer 5

Systemic circuit
Pulmonary circuit

Question 6

Which of the circuits involves blood being pumped by the left ventricle?

Answer 6

Systemic circuit.

Question 7

How are the gases transported in the blood?

Answer 7

By haemoglobin.

Question 8

What is the average rate at rest?

Answer 8

72/bpm

Question 9

Suggest a relationship between recovery time and a person’s degree of physical activity.

Answer 9

The more fit one is the less time it will take for them to recover.

Question 10

Describe how you would investigate the effect of exercise on this rate.

Answer 10

Find your pulse. e.g. hand on the wrist
Count your bpm to calculate your resting heart rate.
Do exercise e.g. run
When done straight away measure your pulse by counting the number of heartbeats for a minute.
Keep repeating until the pulse has gone back to its resting rate.
Calculate how long it took for you to recover.

Question 11

Describe how you dissected a mammalian heart in order to investigate the internal structure of atria and ventricles.

Answer 11

Cut into the left side of the heart through the left atrium and left ventricle using a scalpel.
Inspect the inside: locate the bicuspid valve.
Repeat the steps on the right side of the heart and locate the tricuspid valve.

Question 12

State the procedure that you followed to expose a semilunar valve.

Answer 12

Cut through the base of the aorta.

Question 13

Why has one chamber of the heart more muscle in its wall?

Answer 13

It has to pump blood to the entire body.

Question 14

State one precise location in the human body at which red blood cells are made.

Answer 14

Red bone marrow.

Question 15

State two ways in which red blood cells differ from typical body cells.

Answer 15

No nucleus
No mitochondria

Question 16

Explain what a closed system is.

Answer 16

Where the blood is always enclosed in the blood vessels.

Question 17

Which circuit involves pumping blood by the left ventricle?

Answer 17

Systemic circuit.

Question 18

Contrast the structure of arteries and veins.

Answer 18

Artery - small lumen, no valves, elastic fibre, and smooth muscle.
Vein - large lumen, has valves

Question 19

Give reasons for any two differences in structure of arteries and veins.

Answer 19

Veins have valves to prevent a backflow of blood. Blood flows in arteries in pulses.
Smooth muscle allows for contraction and expansion under pressure.

Question 20

Give a brief explanation on why the septum separates the two sides of the human heart.

Answer 20

To prevent oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing

Question 21

State the location of the sinoatrial (SA) in the heart.

Answer 21

Wall of right atrium.

Question 22

What is the function of the coronary (cardiac) artery

Answer 22

To supply the cardiac muscle, cells, or tissues with blood.

Question 23

Name the period of the heart cycle when the cardiac muscle of the heart is:
1. Contracting
2. Not contracting

Answer 23

1. Systole
2. Diastole

Question 24

Explain how you know the ventricles are contracting

Answer 24

Semilunar valves are open

Question 25

Name the blood vessel that carries the digested nutrients:

Answer 25

Hepatic portal vein

Question 26

To what organ in the body are these nutrients first transported?

Answer 26

Liver

Question 27

Identify the particular type of white blood cell that produces antibodies:

Answer 27

Lymphocytes

Question 28

Identify one other type of white blood cell:

Answer 28

Monocyte

Question 29

How did you identify the right-hand side from the left-hand side of the heart?

Answer 29

Left side is thicker.

Question 30

What is measured when a person’s blood pressure is taken:

Answer 30

Systolic and diastolic pressures