Plants Flashcards
How did plants evolve from green algae and what is the name of the specific green algae
Natural selection favoured plants tolerant to periodic drying and plants were separated by becoming embryophytes
Streptophytes
Give 4 characteristics unique to land plants and their advantages
Apical meristems - withstand draught and sustain continual growth
Walled spores in sporangia - contain sporopollenin adding resistance to harsh environments
Embryophytes - embryo provided with protection and food
Multicellular gametangia
Life cycle of a bryophyte - What is the diploid zygote nourished and protected by as it develops into an embryo
The female gametophyte
6. Embryo develops into mature sporophyte which remains attached to female gametophyte
What does the embryo develop into and where is it?
A mature sporophyte that remains attached to the female gametophyte
Name 5 adaptations of vascular plants
- Evolution of roots to absorb water and leaves to make food
- Lignification
- Vascular system
- Pollen and seeds to transport gametes
- Increased dominance of diploid sporophyte
Name 2 seedless vascular plants
Lycohpytes (club mosses) and Pterophytes (ferns)
What is the general term for non-vascular plants and give 3 examples
Bryophytes - Liverworts, mosses and hornwarts
Give 3 gymnosperm phyla and their use
Cycadophyta - Palm-like leaves
Gingkophyta - ornamental tree with high tolerance to air pollution
Coniferophyta - Production of paper and wood
List 5 flower organs - SSPCR
Sepal - enclose the flower
Petal - Brightly coloured to attract pollinators
Stamen - Produce and disperse pollen - includes anthers and filament
Carpel - Produces and encloses ovule - includes stigma, style and ovary
Receptacle - Holds reproductive organs
During the lifecycle of a flowering plant what undergoes mitosis to form flowers
The diploid sporophyte
Where does the zygote develop into an embryo
In the seed
During the pollination of a flowering plant what enters the ovule via the micropyle
Pollen grains that germinate into pollen tubes
During double fertilisation what does each sperm do
1 fertilises the egg to form a diploid zygote
1 combines with 2 nuclei and initiates development of the endosperm
What kind of endosperm is nourishing the developing embryo
Triploid
What are the names of the gametes produced - which is which?
Archegonia - F
Antheridia - M
