Evolution

Question 1

Lamarck’s 2 main idea’s on evolution

Answer 1

Use and Disuse - used parts of the body become larger and stronger
Inheritance of acquired characteristics - organism could pass these modifications to offspring

Question 2

What is natural selection

Answer 2

Process where individuals with certain heritable traits survive and reproduce at a higher rate than others due to those traits

Question 3

What is Stabilising, Directional and Disruptive/Diversifying selection

Answer 3

Stabilising - Favourites of intermediate types with both extremes selected against
Directional - One phenotypic extreme is favourited / selected for
Diversifying/Disruptive - Against intermediate types and for both phenotypic extremes

Question 4

What is sexual selection

Answer 4

Selection/attraction of mates based on specific traits leading to more mating and offspring

Question 5

What is intersexual selection - what are the three hypothesis that are an example of this

Answer 5

When one sex chooses which member they want to mate with - good genes hypothesis, good parenting hypothesis and sexy sons hypothesis

Question 6

What is intrasexual selection and what does it lead to in males

Answer 6

When members of the same sex compete for mates - secondary sexual characteristics - weaponsor ornaments

Question 7

Give 3 pieces of evidence for evolution

Answer 7

Fossil records - show past organisms are different from present day
Vestigal structures - Structures that were functional in an ancestor but no longer have a useful function
Biogeography - Geographic distribution of related species