Phylogeny Flashcards
What is the hierarchical filing system
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class Order, Family, Genus, Species
What is a homology
Phenotypic and genotypic likeness due to shared ancestory
What is an analogy
Phenotypic and genotypic likeness due to convergent evolution
What are the differences between mono- para- and poly-phyletic trees
mono - Ancestor and all of its descendants
para - Ancestor and some but not all of its descendants
poly - Lacks the common ancsestor
What do internal nodes represent on a phylogenetic tree
species that no longer exist
What are sister taxa
Groups that share an immediate common ancestor
What does a rooted tree include
LCA
What is a basal taxon
Taxa that diverged early in the history of a group
What is a polytomy
A branch from which more than 2 groups emerged
What genes is the tree of life based on and what is 1 current complication
rRNA genes
HGT
What is maximum parsimony
States that the tree that required the fewest evolutionary events is the most likely
What is an outgroup - explain primitive and derived characteristics in terms of this
Species closely related to ingroup but diverged before species in ingroup
Primitive - one that is shared by outgroup and ingroup
Derived - only shared by ingroup
