Fishes Flashcards

1
Q

What were the earliest vertebrates

A

Conodonts

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2
Q

Define a fish

A

A poikolithermic, aquatic chordate with appendages called fins whose chief respiratory organs are gills and are covered in scales

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3
Q

What superclass do the Myxini and Petromyzontidae make up - give 1 example for each

A

Agnathostomes
M - Hagfish
P - Lamprey

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4
Q

What superclass do the Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes make up

A

Gnathostomes

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5
Q

What did the jaws evolve from

A

Gill arches

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6
Q

Chondrichthyes has 2 sub-classes - Elasmobranchii and Holocephali - What are the 2 sub-classes of Elasmobranchii - what do they include?

A

Selachii - Sharks
Batoidea - Rays

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7
Q

Selachii - Type of tail, name of fins for stabilisation, name of scales and buoyancy regulation

A

Heterocercal tail
Pectoral and pelvic
Placoid
Oil-filled liver

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8
Q

How do the batoids move

A

Undulation of pectoral fins

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9
Q

Define Oviparous, Ovoviviparous and Viviparous

A

Ovi - Egg hatches and develops outside of mothers body
Ovo - Egg develops partially inside mothers body then is laid and hatches outside mothers body
Viv - Embryo develops completely within the uterus and is born live

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10
Q

Name given to structure sharks have which allows them to detect magnetic fields produced by other organisms

A

Ampullae of Lorenzini

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11
Q

What is the lateral line

A

A row of sense organs that sense pressure

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12
Q

What is the skeleton of both the agnathostomes and the Chondrichthyes made of

A

Cartilage

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13
Q

What are the 3 distinguishing features of the class Osteichthyes

A

Bony-fish
Protective operculum
Gas-filled bladder / Swim bladder

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14
Q

The bony fish are split into the Actinopterygii and the Sarcopterygii - what is the main difference

A

A - Ray-finned fish
S - Lobe-finned fish

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15
Q

What are most actinopterygii also called

A

Teleosts

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16
Q

Actinopterygii - Type of caudal fin, name of respiratory action and name given to arrangement of muscle fibres

A

Homocercal
Buccal pumping
Myotomes

17
Q

What is the otolith used for and where does it grow

A

Bone in the ear
Aging

18
Q

Define diadromy - what are the 2 types and the difference between them

A

Movement between marine and freshwater
Catadromy - mainly freshwater, marine for breeding
Anadromy - mainly marine, freshwater for breeding

19
Q

What are the 2 groups within the Sarcopterygii - What did these evolve to

A

Lungfish
Coealcanths
The tetrapods

20
Q

What structure allows for regional endothermy

A

Rete Mirabile