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plant transport Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define the term homeostasis

A

ability to maintain a constant stable internal environment

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2
Q

suggest one reason homeostasis is important to plants

A

for metabolism or for enzyme activity

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3
Q

explain the role of the cuticle in relation to homeostasis

A

prevent (reduce) water loss

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4
Q

in which of the labelled parts is the rate of photosynthesis highest

A

palisade (cells), highest concentration of chloroplasts (chlorophyll)

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5
Q

suggest two ways in which a leaf is well adapted for photosynthesis

A

large surface area / thin / presence of air spaces

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6
Q

with regard to the stomata ,name
1. the gas
2. the cells which control their opening

A
  1. C02 2. guard cells
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7
Q

like the stomata, the lenticels also function in gaseous exchange. on what part of the plant are they located?

A

stem

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8
Q

state one example of a plant which uses modified leads as a means of storing food

A

onion / daffodil / tulip / garlic

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9
Q

by what process does water enter the root hairs

A

osmosis

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10
Q

name two irish scientists who first described the upward movement of water in plants

A

Henry Dixon / John joly

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11
Q

describe in detail the upward movement of water in plants

A

root pressure pushes water / in xylem / cohesion or water molecules stick together / continuous column /adhesion or water molecules tick to xylem walls

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12
Q

give two structural differences between xylem and phloem

A

xylem has pits and phloem does not / xylem has lignin and phloem does not / phloem has companion cells and xylem does not / xylem has vessels or tracheids and phloem does not

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13
Q

biuret

A

to test for protein

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14
Q

Benedict’s solution

A

to test for reducing sugars

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15
Q

why would you use a coverslip in relation to plants

A

to prevent cells from drying out or to protect the objective lens from water or from stain

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16
Q

why do you apply methylene blue to the cells

A

to stain the cells or to make (the cells) easier to see

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17
Q

name the vascular tissue through which the products of photosynthesis are transported in plants

A

phloem

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18
Q

structural features of phloem

A

sieve tubes / companion cells / sieve plates

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19
Q

what do you understand by the term turgor in plant cells

A

pressure of cell contents against the cell wall

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20
Q

how do plant cells remain turgid for a considerable period of time

A

by taking in as water as they lose / by osmosis

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21
Q

what happens to a plant if many of its cells lose turgidity

A

wilt or lose righty or droop

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22
Q

explain how water enters root hairs and then passes to the vascular tissue

A

osmosis

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23
Q

in which of the vascular tissues will water now rise through the plant

A

xylem

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24
Q

give two features of xylem that facilates upward movement

A

narrow / continous tube (no end walls or open ended) / or pits / no cell contents /attraction of h20 to walls /thick walls

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25
Q

name and briefly explain any two processes involved in upward movement of water in plants

A

root pressure, h20 in pushes h20 up

26
Q

suggest a way in which turgor is of value to plants

A

support

27
Q

name hte tissue inplant stems through which water rises to the leaves

A

xylem

28
Q

give one way in which xylem is adapted for the trasnport of water

A

narrow or continous lumen

29
Q

give a precise location of xylem in the tissue

A

in vascular bundles / next to phloem

30
Q

state another function for xylem

A

support or other transport function

31
Q

describe the principle features of the cohesion-tension model

A

water molecules stick together / due to h-bonding / continous chain of water molecules / water tends to adhere to xylem walls / transpiration or water loss pulls the column of water up

32
Q

the cohesion-tension model of transport attempts to explain water movement in plants against a particular force. Name this force

A

gravity

33
Q
A
34
Q

In order to allow photosynthesis and other metabolic reactions to occur plants need to be able to acquire and transport

A

Water, oxygen, carbon dioxide and minerals

35
Q

What are the adaption of root hairs for absorption

A

Thin walls, not covered by cuticle and very numerous or large surface area

36
Q

How does water enter the cytoplasm of root hairs

A

By osmosis

37
Q

What does xylem transport

A

Water and materials

38
Q

What are the two types of upwards water movements in plants

A

Root pressure and transpiration

39
Q

Explain the term root pressure

A

As water is drawn into the roots by osmosis, the build up of water causes a pressure this root pressure pushes water up and through the xylem

40
Q

Explain transpiration

A

Transpiration is the loss of water by evaporation from the leaves and other aerial parts of the plant

41
Q

Where does transpiration take place

A

Most transpiration takes place through openings in the leaves called stomata

42
Q

What happens when the leaf cells lose water

A

They become less turgid and will wilt

43
Q

What helps the stomata reduce water lose

A

Guard cells

44
Q

Does diffusion require energy

A

No

45
Q

Does active transport require energy

A

Uses energy in form of atp

46
Q

How are roots modified so plants can store food

A

Some dicots produce large roots that penetrate into the soil, and absorb water or in some plants eg carrots the tap roots become swollen and fleshy with stored food

47
Q

How do modified stems allow plants to store food

A

Potato plants have underground stems that become swollen with stored starch

48
Q

How do modified leaves allow plants to store food

A

Onions,garlic and tulips produce bulbs a bulb contains an underground stem that is reduced in size, swollen fleshy leaves are modified to store food and are attached to to this stem

49
Q

What are lenticels

A

Lenticels are openings in the stems of plants that allow gas exchange

50
Q

What is the cohesion tension model

A

The cohesion tension model in plants explains how water can be transported to great heights in some plants against the force of gravity

51
Q

What is the main factor in the process of stomata opening and closing

A

The concentration of carbon dioxide in air spaces in leafs

52
Q

name the tissue in plant stems through which water rises tot he leaves

A

xylem

53
Q

give one way in which this tissue is adapted for the transport of water

A

narrow or continuous lumen

54
Q

give a precise location of this tissue in the stem

A

in vascular bundles

55
Q

state one function of xylem

A

support

56
Q

the cohesion tension model of transport attempts to explain water movement in plants against a particular force

A

gravity

57
Q

explain how water enters root hairs and then passes to the vascular tissue

A

cell to cell by osmosis, soil water more is more dilute

58
Q

name and briefly explain any two processes involved in the upwards movement of water in plants

A

root pressure : water in root pushes water up
transpiration : water out pulls water up

59
Q

conditions for highest transpiration rate

A

hottest temperature or sunniest

60
Q

what is the advantage to plants having most of their stomata on the underside of the leaves

A

reduces water loss by transpiration

61
Q

what is the disadvantage to plants having most of their stomata on the underside of the leaves

A

wilting

62
Q

how do plants respond to wilting

A

close stomata / reduce stomata in size

Biology (8 decks)

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