digestion Flashcards
example ingestion
taking food in to the body(mouth)
name one method by mechanical digestion takes place. in the case of the method you have need, indicate in what part of the alimentary canal it takes place
crushing by teeth or peristalsis in oesophagus
explain the function of the hydrochloric acid found in the stomach
kills bacteria
state two ways in which mucus protects the stomach wall from damage by the contents of the gastric glands
protects stomach from hydrochloric acid
the wall of the small intestine has adaptions that help speed absorption, name the adaption that: increases the surface area over which absorption occurs
Villi
the wall of the small intestine has adaptions that help speed absorption, name the adaption that: allows rapid diffusion of the end products of digestion into the bloodstream
one cell thick
state one function of the hepatic portal vein
carries products of digestion to the liver
name two parts of the large intestine
colon caecum or rectum
state two functions of the large intestine
absorption of water/ digestion / absorb vitamins
what term is used to describe the beneficial bacteria that live in the human digestive tract
symbiotic
give two examples of the beneficial effects of symbiotic bacteria
production of vitamin B and K and breakdown of undigested food
state two beneficial effects of a high-fibre diet
normalise bowel movements / aid in weight management
how has the small intestine adapted to absorb food
has villi / rich in blood supply /walls are one cell thick
distinguish between mechanical and chemical digestion
breakdown of food physically and breakdown of food using enzymes
name the four stages of digestion
digestion, absorption, ingestion and digestion
ame the two products of complete lipid digestion by lipase
fatty acids and glycerol
name the location in the digestive system where lipase digests lipids
duodenum
suggest the optimum pH fro the digestion of lipids, in the duodenum
7-9
describe the action of bile on lipids
increases surface area
name the structure inside each villus that absorbs the products of lipid digestion
lacteal
what is meant by the term digestion
the breakdown of food
why is digestion necessary in human
to make nutrient and transport of nutrients
what is the name given to the removal of undigested wastes from the human body
egestion
give the precise location where villi are most abundant
small intestine or ileum or duodenum
name the blood vessel that carries digested nutrients
hepatic portal vein
to what organ are digested nutrients first transported to
liver
give a function of the liver other than storage
detoxification or breaks down red blood cells
name the process and explain how food is moved along the digestive system
peristalsis by muscular contractions
how is food passed along the alimentary canal
peristalsis
enzyme that digests dietary protein
pepsin
where is pepsin act
stomach
what is the ph of pepsin
1-2
where is pepsin produced
gastric glands
products formed by complete protein digestion
amino acids
what is a heterotroph
eats other organisms / cannot make there own food
what is an autotroph
an organism that makes there own food eg plants with photosynthesis
what is an omnivore
eats both animal and plant material
what is meant by a balanced diet
correct amount of each food group
what is lipase
an enzyme that digests lipids
where in the alimentary canal is lipase secreted
stomach or duodenum
what is the ph of lipase
7-9
what is pepsin
a digestive enzyme in the stomach
what is the dental formula
I 2/2 C 1/1 PH 2/2 M 3/3
give two functions of the large intestine
absorption of water / egestion
where in the human alimentary canal is water most absorbed
large intestine
give one digestion function of the pancreas
produce enzyme and neutralise chyme
name a substance transported tot eh liver by the blood in the hepatic portal vein
CO2
where is bile stored
gall bladder
name 7 parts of the digestive system
mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, liver, stomach, pancreas, gall bladder, bile duct, duodenum, ileum, colon, caecum, appendix, rectum, anus
name a type of protease
pepsin in the stomach
what does amylase do
breaks down starch into maltose… pH 7.5 needed
what is the name given to the churned food in the stomach
chyme
name 3 pancreatic enzymes
pancreatic amylase, pancreatic lipase, pancreatic protease
what does the hepatic vein do
carries deoxygenated, nutrient rich blood away from the liver
what does the heptaic artery do
carries oxygenated blood to the liver
