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Biology > digestion > Flashcards

digestion Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

example ingestion

A

taking food in to the body(mouth)

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2
Q

name one method by mechanical digestion takes place. in the case of the method you have need, indicate in what part of the alimentary canal it takes place

A

crushing by teeth or peristalsis in oesophagus

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3
Q

explain the function of the hydrochloric acid found in the stomach

A

kills bacteria

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4
Q

state two ways in which mucus protects the stomach wall from damage by the contents of the gastric glands

A

protects stomach from hydrochloric acid

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5
Q

the wall of the small intestine has adaptions that help speed absorption, name the adaption that: increases the surface area over which absorption occurs

A

Villi

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6
Q

the wall of the small intestine has adaptions that help speed absorption, name the adaption that: allows rapid diffusion of the end products of digestion into the bloodstream

A

one cell thick

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7
Q

state one function of the hepatic portal vein

A

carries products of digestion to the liver

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8
Q

name two parts of the large intestine

A

colon caecum or rectum

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9
Q

state two functions of the large intestine

A

absorption of water/ digestion / absorb vitamins

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10
Q

what term is used to describe the beneficial bacteria that live in the human digestive tract

A

symbiotic

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11
Q

give two examples of the beneficial effects of symbiotic bacteria

A

production of vitamin B and K and breakdown of undigested food

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12
Q

state two beneficial effects of a high-fibre diet

A

normalise bowel movements / aid in weight management

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13
Q

how has the small intestine adapted to absorb food

A

has villi / rich in blood supply /walls are one cell thick

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14
Q

distinguish between mechanical and chemical digestion

A

breakdown of food physically and breakdown of food using enzymes

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15
Q

name the four stages of digestion

A

digestion, absorption, ingestion and digestion

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16
Q

ame the two products of complete lipid digestion by lipase

A

fatty acids and glycerol

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17
Q

name the location in the digestive system where lipase digests lipids

A

duodenum

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18
Q

suggest the optimum pH fro the digestion of lipids, in the duodenum

A

7-9

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19
Q

describe the action of bile on lipids

A

increases surface area

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19
Q

name the structure inside each villus that absorbs the products of lipid digestion

A

lacteal

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20
Q

what is meant by the term digestion

A

the breakdown of food

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21
Q

why is digestion necessary in human

A

to make nutrient and transport of nutrients

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22
Q

what is the name given to the removal of undigested wastes from the human body

A

egestion

23
Q

give the precise location where villi are most abundant

A

small intestine or ileum or duodenum

24
Q

name the blood vessel that carries digested nutrients

A

hepatic portal vein

25
Q

to what organ are digested nutrients first transported to

A

liver

26
Q

give a function of the liver other than storage

A

detoxification or breaks down red blood cells

27
Q

name the process and explain how food is moved along the digestive system

A

peristalsis by muscular contractions

28
Q

how is food passed along the alimentary canal

A

peristalsis

29
Q

enzyme that digests dietary protein

A

pepsin

30
Q

where is pepsin act

A

stomach

31
Q

what is the ph of pepsin

A

1-2

32
Q

where is pepsin produced

A

gastric glands

33
Q

products formed by complete protein digestion

A

amino acids

34
Q

what is a heterotroph

A

eats other organisms / cannot make there own food

35
Q

what is an autotroph

A

an organism that makes there own food eg plants with photosynthesis

36
Q

what is an omnivore

A

eats both animal and plant material

37
Q

what is meant by a balanced diet

A

correct amount of each food group

38
Q

what is lipase

A

an enzyme that digests lipids

39
Q

where in the alimentary canal is lipase secreted

A

stomach or duodenum

40
Q

what is the ph of lipase

A

7-9

41
Q

what is pepsin

A

a digestive enzyme in the stomach

42
Q

what is the dental formula

A

I 2/2 C 1/1 PH 2/2 M 3/3

43
Q

give two functions of the large intestine

A

absorption of water / egestion

44
Q

where in the human alimentary canal is water most absorbed

A

large intestine

45
Q

give one digestion function of the pancreas

A

produce enzyme and neutralise chyme

46
Q

name a substance transported tot eh liver by the blood in the hepatic portal vein

A

CO2

47
Q

where is bile stored

A

gall bladder

48
Q

name 7 parts of the digestive system

A

mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, liver, stomach, pancreas, gall bladder, bile duct, duodenum, ileum, colon, caecum, appendix, rectum, anus

49
Q

name a type of protease

A

pepsin in the stomach

50
Q

what does amylase do

A

breaks down starch into maltose… pH 7.5 needed

51
Q

what is the name given to the churned food in the stomach

A

chyme

52
Q

name 3 pancreatic enzymes

A

pancreatic amylase, pancreatic lipase, pancreatic protease

53
Q

what does the hepatic vein do

A

carries deoxygenated, nutrient rich blood away from the liver

54
Q

what does the heptaic artery do

A

carries oxygenated blood to the liver

55
Q
A

Biology (8 decks)

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