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ecology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is an ecosystem

A

ecosystem: organisms and their interactions with their envirnemt

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2
Q

what is a habitat

A

where organisms live

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3
Q

what are abiotic factors

A

non living factors

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4
Q

what are biotic factors

A

living factors

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5
Q

what is predation

A

catching, killing and eating another organism

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6
Q

symbiosis

A

relationship between species involving benefit

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7
Q

why are food chains limited in length

A

low amount of energy passed on at each trophic level

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8
Q

why is there always competition between species

A

resources are limited

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9
Q

the parts of the earth where life can exist

A

biosphere

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10
Q

living factors that affect an organism

A

biotic factors

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11
Q

how do you use a pooter

A

suck though one side and the animal enters the other

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12
Q

how do you use a tullgren funnel

A

heat causes animals to move upwards

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13
Q

what is a niche

A

role of an oraganism

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14
Q

what are the main events of the nitrogen cycle

A

nitrogen gas is in an unusable state, nitrogen in the atmosphere is changed to plant protein by nitrogen fixation, animals then consume the plnat making it animal protein, the animal or plant dies and baceria of decompisition decompose it into ammonia nitrification happens and it becomes nitrite then nitrate then the plant make s plant protein or the turns back into nitrite by denitrification

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15
Q

why is the nitrogen cycle nesseccary

A

so plants can make protein out of nitrogen as they cant make it out of nitrogen gas

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16
Q

what form of nitrogen can plants make protein out of

A

nitrate

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17
Q

explain the carbon cycle

A

carbon from the atmosphere enters plants by osmosis then is consumed by animals and is released by respiration or by the respiration of decomposers. or carbon is released by fossilization and combustion

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18
Q

why is it important to reuse carbon

A

so it doesnt run out

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19
Q

state one way micro-organisms contribute to the carbon cycle

A

they decompose the dead matter

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20
Q

how can ireland reduce carbon fuel admissions

A

stop using fossil fuels, plant more trees

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21
Q

explain the term pollution

A

harmful addition to the environment

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22
Q

name a pollutant and its effects

A

slurry, eutrophication

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23
Q

how can the pollutant slurry be controlled

A

only be used in dry weather and when the grass is growing

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24
Q

in relation to herbivores, suggest two reasons for fluctuation of population

A

predators numbers changed/ disease / migratio

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25
Q

why would two different species of animals be in competition with each other

A

same food source / same habitat

26
Q

name an ecological relationship

A

parasitism / symbiosis

27
Q

explain the term food chain

A

sequence of organisms showing transfer of energy from one to the next

28
Q

edaphic factors

A

factors related to soil

29
Q

explain the term quantitative study

A

measuring the amount of organisms

30
Q

what is competition

A

struggle for a resource with one winner

31
Q

nitrogen fixation

A

conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to a usable from nitrate

32
Q

name two types of bacteria that play a role in nitrogen cycle

A

nitrogen fixing / nitrifying / denitrifying /decomposers

33
Q

conservation of species

A

management of the environment or management of species

34
Q

where is the biosphere

A

where life can exist or all the ecosystems of the earth

35
Q

name a predator

A

snake or fox

36
Q

name a producer

A

plants

37
Q

a secondary consumer

A

frog

38
Q

a primary consumer

A

grasshopper

39
Q

make a grazing food chain with four trophic levels

A

grass - grasshopper - frog - snake

40
Q

what is meant by the term trophic level

A

position on the food chain

41
Q

why would the population of the secondary consumer population may decline

A

predation or disease

42
Q

what is an ectoparasite

A

organism living on host which causes damage to the host

43
Q

what is ecology

A

the study of the various interactions between organism and their environment

44
Q

explain the term nutrient recycling

A

reuse of nutrients

45
Q

explain the term scramble competition

A

a struggle of a scarce resource and all get some

46
Q

explain the term conservation

A

management of the environment

47
Q

give one example of a factor, other than light, which may be a source of competition among plants

A

water or minerals or space

48
Q

give one example of a factor, other than food, which may be a source of competition among animals

A

water or mates or shelter

49
Q

what is a community

A

all groups of organisms found in an ecosystem

50
Q

what is fauna

A

animals

51
Q

name a predator and a matching ecosystem

A

a snake in a grassland ecosystem

52
Q

name one adaptive technique of a predator

A

camouflage

53
Q

explain the term variation

A

differences in a population

54
Q

what is a population

A

population refers to the number of the same species in one ecosystem

55
Q

give a reason why there might be variation in the height of a mature plant species in the ecosystem

A

environmental factors like light and soil quality

56
Q

what is a climate factor

A

relates to weater over a long period

57
Q

name a factor other than competition, that controls wild populations

A

disease or parasites

58
Q

name four factors that influence the size of human population

A

famine, war, food quality, birth control, disease, degree of medical care

59
Q

what is meant by nitrogen fixation

A

n2 converted to compound

60
Q

what is meant by nitrification

A

ammonia to nitrites or to nitraes or nitrites to nitrates

Biology (8 decks)

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