PLANT STRUCTURES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS STEM

Question 1

Woody Stems

Answer 1

– contains thick, tough tissue (wood); found in plants that live for more than a year; trees and shrubs.

Question 2

Herbaceous Stems

Answer 2

– contains soft, green, juicy tissues; found in plants that live for one year.

Question 3

Bud

Answer 3

– an underdeveloped shoot that contains an embryonic meristem; may be terminal (at the end of stem) or anxilliary (on the side of the stem)

Question 4

• Node

Answer 4

– the area on stem where one
or more leaves is attached.

Question 5

INTERNODE

Answer 5

– the area on a stem between two successive nodes.

Question 6

Epidermis

Answer 6

– an outer covering which provides protection in herbaceous stem.

Question 7

Cuticle

Answer 7

– a waxy layer that reduces water loss from the stem surface, usually
covers the epidermis.

Question 8

Cortex

Answer 8

– inside the epidermis; a cylinder several cels thick that is a part of a plant’s ground tissue system; A complex tissue that may contain parenchyma, colenchyma, and sclerenchyma cells.
Parenchyma cels – store starch grains and crystals.
Colenchyma & Sclerenchyma cels – confer strength and structural
support for the stem.

Question 9

Xylem

Answer 9

– transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves.

Question 10

Phloem

Answer 10

– transports dissolved carbohydrates (sucrose) often from the leaves to the roots.

Question 11

Vascular cambium

Answer 11

– sandwiched between the xylem and phloem; a lateral meristem that is responsible for secondary growth.

Question 12

Pith

Answer 12

– a ground tissue composed of large, thin- walled parenchyma cells that function primarily for storage.

Question 13

Monocot

Answer 13

Have scattered vascular bundles
Have ground tissue instead of
distinct cortex and pith

Question 14

Dicot

Answer 14

Have vascular bundles arranged in
a circle
Have a distinct cortex and pith

Question 15

• Rhizome

Answer 15

a horizontal underground stem that often serves as a storage organ and a means of sexual reproduction.
*Examples: bamboos, ginger, turmeric

Question 16

Tuber

Answer 16

the thickened end of a rhizome that is fleshy and enlarged for a food storage.
* Examples: potatoes, yam

Question 17

Bulb

Answer 17

– a rounded, fleshy underground bud that consists of a short stem with fleshy leaves.
* Example: onion

Question 18

Corm

Answer 18

a short, thickened underground stem specialized for food storage and asexual reproduction.

Question 19

Stolons

Answer 19

an aerial horizontal stem with long internodes; often forms buds that develops into separate plants
*Example: strawberry